Tianhuang Emperor is an ancient Chinese constellation, located in the Purple Forbidden enclosure, surrounded by the Gouchen, is one of the symbols of the emperor in astrology (also related to the emperor, there are Northern Pole , Taiyi, and Tianyi.) .[1][2] Although the present-day Polaris (Alpha Ursae Minoris) is located at the tip of the handle of a ladle (the tail of a small bear), around 1100 B.C. the north pole distance of Beta Ursa Minoris was about 6.5 degrees[3] and was the closest Pole Star to the North Pole of the heavens and was called Emperor (帝, tei).

And apart from being an object of worship, there was also a constellation named the Tianhuang Emperor. The name is found in "Kaiyuan Zyutsukyou" (The Divination Sutra), "Volume 69: Gan Ji Zhong Guan Zui".[4] In the "Book of Jin (晋書)", there is a description in the "Astronomical Records" that "one star in the mouth is said to be the Tianhuang Emperor. This "mouth" refers to the quadrilateral of the constellation Gouchen, which guards the Emperor's palace, the Purple Palace where the Emperor resides,[5] and is depicted by its second star (Ursa Major, 4th magnitude), first star (Alpha Polaris, 2nd magnitude), fifth star (Cepheus HD5848, 4th magnitude), and sixth star (HD217382, 5th magnitude). The Emperor is the 5th magnitude star (HD212710) in the quadrilateral.[6] In the "Wakan sansai zue", the Emperor is also depicted in the position of the "mouth", but this drawing is inaccurate. Schlegel, a Dutch orientalist, identified Alpha Ursa Minor as the Tianhuang Emperor.[7] However, according to Osaki, the identification by Schlegel "cannot be considered a first-class source."[8]

Chinese star names modern star names Constellation Remarks
Tianhuang Emperor[1][2] HD 212710 (HIP 109693, HR 8546)[1][2] Cepheus[1][2]

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 《晉書‧天文志》：「鉤陳口中一星曰天皇大帝，其神曰耀魄寶，主御群靈，執萬神圖。」
  2. 1 2 3 4 《宋史‧天文志》：「天皇大帝一星，其神曰耀魄寶，主御群靈，執萬神圖，大人之象也。」
  3. ↑ 能田忠亮 『東洋天文学史論叢』 恒星社、1943年、105頁。
  4. ↑ 大崎正次 （1987） 48頁。
  5. ↑ 大崎正次 （1987） 153頁。
  6. ↑ これらの星の現行星との同定は 『欽定 儀象考成』 所載の星表のデータに対して土橋・シュヴァリエおよび伊が行ったものである。（大崎正次 （1987） 297頁。）
  7. ↑ 飯島忠夫 補訂 『支那古代史論』、恒星社厚生閣、1941年、第1圖。
  8. ↑ 大崎正次 （1987） 295頁。
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