The first women at the South Pole were Pamela Young, Jean Pearson, Lois Jones, Eileen McSaveney, Kay Lindsay and Terry Tickhill on 12 November 1969. Rear Admiral David F. Welch is in the middle.
This is a Timeline of women in Antarctica. This article describes many of the firsts and accomplishments that women from various countries have accomplished in different fields of endeavor on the continent of Antarctica.
650s
650
- Māori explorer, Ui-te-rangiora, is described in oral tradition as having reached Antarctic waters.[1]
1770s
1773
- The first Western woman to visit the Antarctic region was Louise Séguin, who sailed on the Roland with Yves Joseph de Kerguelen in 1773.[1]
1776-1777
- First female scientist in the sub-Antarctic region is botanist valet, Jeanne Baret.[2]
1830s
1833
- First written account about sub-Antarctic travel from a woman's perspective is written by Abby Jane Morrell.[1]
1839
1930s
1931
- Norwegian Ingrid Christensen and her companion, Mathilde Wegger, were the first recorded women to see Antarctica.[3]
1935
- Caroline Mikkelsen of Denmark becomes the first woman to set foot on Antarctica.[4]
1937
- Christensen landed at Scullin Monolith, becoming the first woman to set foot on the Antarctic mainland, followed by her daughter, Augusta Sofie Christensen, and two other women: Lillemor Rachlew, and Solveig Widerøe.[5][6][7]
1940s
1947
- Jackie Ronne is the first woman to explore Antarctica.[8]
1947-1948
- Ronne and Jennie Darlington winter-over.[9] They are the first women to spend a year on Antarctica.[10]
1950s
1956
- Geologist Maria Klenova of the Soviet Union was the first woman to begin scientific work in Antarctica.[11] Klenova helped create the first Antarctic atlas.[12]
- Jennie Darlington publishes her book about spending a year in Antarctica called My Antarctic Honeymoon.[13]
1957
- Ruth Kelley and Pat Heppinstall, airline stewardesses, become first women to visit a United States Antarctic base.[9]
1959-1960
- Mary Gillham, Susan Ingham, Isobel Bennett and Hope MacPherson became the first British and Australian women scientists to do research in the Antarctic region, joining an Australian National Antarctic Research Expedition trip to Macquarie Island in December 1959.[14]
1960s
The first female Argentinian scientists in Antarctica during 1968
1960
- Artist Nel Law is the first Australian women to set foot in Antarctica, landing at Mawson and visiting in an unofficial capacity.[15]
1968
- The first group of female scientists conducted research in Antarctica.[16] They included biologist Irene Bernasconi, bacteriologist Maria Adela Caria, biologist Elena Martinez Fontes and Carmen Pujals, a specialist in algae.[17] This made Bernasconi the first woman to lead an Antarctic expedition. She was aged 72 at the time.[18]
- The first New Zealand woman to visit the mainland of Antarctica was Marie Darby.[19]
1969
- First team of women scientists from the United States, led by Lois Jones, works on Antarctica.[11]
- First group of women to reach the pole were Pamela Young, Jean Pearson, Lois Jones, Eileen McSaveney, Kay Lindsay and Terry Tickhill.[20] The women stepped off of the C-130 ramp at the same time.[21]
- Christine Müller-Schwarze is the first American woman to do scientific research on the continent of Antarctica.[10]
1970s
1970
- Engineer Irene C. Peden is the first United States woman to work in the interior of Antarctica.[22]
1971
- New Zealand limnologist Ann Chapman leads a biological survey of frozen lakes in the Taylor Valley, becoming the first woman to lead an Antarctic expedition.[23]
1973
- Duke University Group includes technicians Hana Pinshow, the first Israeli woman to set foot on the continent, and Katy Muzik.
1974
- Mary Alice McWhinnie is the chief scientist at McMurdo Station, becoming the first United States woman serving in that capacity on Antarctica.[10]
- McWhinnie and Mary Odile Cahoon become the first women to overwinter at McMurdo Station.[10]
- Australian women are allowed to travel to the Australian Antarctic Territory (AAT).[24]
1974-1975
- First women civilian contractors on Antarctica were Elena Marty and Jan Boyd.[10]
1975
- Eleanor Honnywill is the first woman to be awarded the Fuchs Medal from the British Antarctic Survey (BAS).[25]
- The House of Representatives in Australia is asked how many women have gone to Antarctica so far: the answer is one.[15]
1975-1976
- Mary Alice McWhinnie is the first woman scientist to work at Palmer Station.[10]
- The first three Australian women to visit the continent of Antarctica in an official capacity -Elizabeth Chipman, Jutta Hösel and Shelagh Robinson visit Casey station for the summer.[26]
1976
- Dr Zoe Gardner becomes the first woman to winter with the Australian Antarctic program as a medical officer on sub-Antarctic Macquarie Island.[27]
1977
1978
- Silvia Morello de Palma of Argentina is the first woman to give birth on Antarctica on January 7.[29]
- Margaret Winslow of the United States is the first woman to lead an expedition to Livingston Island, Antarctica
1979
- First year the United States Navy advertises for "qualified female volunteers to over-winter in Antarctica."[30]
1978-1979
- Michele Eileen Raney is the first woman physician to work year-round on Antarctica. She was also the first woman to winter at the South Pole.[10]
1980s
1981
- Dr Louise Holliday is the first woman to winter in Antarctica for the Australian Antarctic program serving as medical officer at Davis station.[27]
1983
- First British woman, Janet Thomson, joins the British Antarctic Survey, and becomes the first British woman on Antarctica.[31]
- On November 16, American Brooke Knapp, is the first person to land at McMurdo Station for a round the world flight and the first person to pilot a business jet over both the North and South Poles.[32]
- Geologist Sudipta Sengupta and Aditi Pant, a marine biologist are the first women scientists from India to take part in Antarctic Expedition.[33][34]
1984
- Josefina Castellví is the first Spanish woman to participate in and coordinate an international expedition to Antarctica.[35]
1985
- First woman married at the South Pole is Patricia Manglicmot to Randall Chambers.[9]
- The first women to winter-over at Palmer Station were Ann Wylette and Becky Heimark.[10]
- Thea de Moel is the first Dutch woman to reach Antarctica as a crew member aboard the 'Footsteps of Scott Expedition' ship Southern Quest.
1986
- The first Polar Medal is awarded to a woman, Virginia Fiennes, who was honored for her work in the Transglobe Expedition.[25]
- Ann Peoples became the manager of the Berg Field Center in 1986, becoming the first U.S. woman to serve in a "significant leadership role."[36]
1987
- Elizabeth Chipman publishes Women on the Ice: A History of Women in the Far South.[13]
1988
- American Lisa Densmore is the first woman to summit Mount Vinson.[37]
1987-1988
- First South African women to over-winter at Marion Island were Marianna Steenkamp and Marieta Cawood.[25]
1988-1989
- Alison J. Clifton commands the Macquarie Island station, becoming the first woman to lead a sub-Antarctic base.[38]
1989
- Victoria E. Murden and Shirley Metz are the first women to reach the South Pole by land.[9]
- Denise Allen and Dr Lynn Williams are jointly the first women to be awarded the Australian Antarctic Medal.[25]
- Australian, Diana Patterson, head of Mawson station, becomes the first female station leader of an Antarctic base.[15]
1989-1990
- Joan Russell at Casey station and Monika Puskeppeleit at Georg von Neumayer are the first women to simultaneously lead bases on the continent.[38]
1990s
In-Young Ahn at King Sejong Station in 2015; she led this station in 1991
1990-1991
- First all-female over-wintering group spends the winter at Georg von Neumayer, with leader Monika Puskeppeleit.[25]
1991
- In-Young Ahn is the first female leader of an Asian research station (King Sejong Station), and the first South Korean woman to step onto Antarctica.[39]
- Serap Tilav is the first Turkish woman at the South Pole.[40]
- Junko Tabei, who later becomes the first woman to complete the Seven Summits, climbs to the summit of Mount Vinson.[41]
1992
- Judy Chesser Coffman, of the U.S. Navy, was the first female helicopter pilot to fly in Antarctica, in support of the National Science Foundation (NSF).[42]
1993
- Ann Bancroft leads the first all-woman expedition to the South Pole and becomes the first woman to reach both the South and North Pole.[38]
1994
- Liv Arnesen of Norway is the first woman to ski alone to the South Pole.[8]
- Miriam-Rose Ungunmerr-Baumann with Lin Onus become the first Indigenous Australians to visit Antarctica.[43]
1996
- First year that women over-winter at the Halley Research Station.[11]
1996-1997
- Laurence de la Ferrière is the first French woman to cross the Antarctic solo.[44]
- Dr. Aithne Rowseis the first South African woman to overwinter in Antarctica 1997 (see SANAE).[45][46]
1997-1998
- Four Ukrainian women overwintered in Antarctica at Ukrainian research station Vernadsky Research Base as part of the 2nd country's Antarctic expedition: geophysicist Maryna Orlova, meteorologists Svitlana Krakovska and Lyudmyla Mankivska, and cook Galyna Kolotnytska.[47]
2000s
2000
- Zhao Ping and Lin Qing are the first Chinese women to over-winter at Antarctica.[48]
- Fiona Thornewill and Catharine Hartley become the first British women to walk to the South Pole on foot.
- Caroline Hamilton and four other women become the first British women to ski to the South Pole as an all-women expedition.[49]
2001
- Ann Bancroft and Liv Arnesen are the first women to ski across Antarctica.[8]
2003
- Lynne Cox swims more than mile in Antarctic waters.[50]
- US Coast Guard pilot Sidonie Bosin is the first female aviation officer in charge of air crews in the Antarctic.[51]
- Physician Assistant Heidi Lim Rehm spends first winter at Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station. As of 2020 she holds the record for the most winters spent by a woman at the South Pole. She spent five winters total: 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, and 2008.
2004
- Fiona Thornewill became first British woman to ski solo and unsupported to the South Pole in a record breaking 41 days.[8]
- Linda Beilharz is the first Australian woman to ski to the South Pole.[52]
- Jackie Ronne publishes her memoirs about her year in Antarctica called Antarctica's First Lady: Memoirs of the First American Woman to Set Foot on the Antarctic Continent and Winter-Over as a Member of a Pioneering Expedition.[13]
2005
- Merieme Chadid is the first Moroccan woman on Antarctica.[53]
- Loretta Feris is the first black South African woman to work as a principal investigator for an Antarctic project.[25]
2006
- Hannah McKeand sets coast-to-pole solo/unsupported record of 39 days, 9 hours and 33 minutes.[54]
- Bettine van Vuuren of South Africa is the first female scientist Chief Scientist in the South African National Antarctic Programme's annual relief voyage in 2006.[55][56][57]
2007
- Clare O'Leary is the first Irish woman to reach the South Pole.[58]
- Sarah Ames of Germany is the first woman to complete a marathon on all seven continents.[59]
2008
2009
- On December 30, several women as part of the Kaspersky Commonwealth Antarctic Expedition, reached the South Pole by ski and set records for their countries.[61] Sophia Pang becomes the first Singaporean woman to reach the South Pole.[62] Reena Kaushal Dharmshaktu become the first Indian woman to ski to the pole.[63] Stephanie Solomonides became the first person from Cyprus to reach the pole.[64]
2010s
Felicity Ashton in Antarctica
2010
- Meagan McGrath becomes the first Canadian to ski solo, unassisted and unsupported, to the South Pole.[65]
- Karla Wheelock from Mexico leads the first Latin American expedition in Antarctica.[66]
2011
- First woman from Kuwait on Antarctica is Maryam al-Joan.[67]
- First African-American woman to reach the South Pole is Barbara Hillary on January 6. She is also the first African-American woman to have been to both poles.[68]
2012
- Felicity Ashton of the United Kingdom is the first person to ski alone across Antarctica, using only her own muscle power. She is also the first woman to cross Antarctica alone.[69]
- The first woman to climb Mount Sidley was sixteen year old Romanian Crina Coco Popescu.[70]
- Zeena Al Towayya is the first Omani woman, and Sahar Al Shamrani is the first Saudi woman to travel to Antarctica.[71]
2014
- On December 23, the Seven Summits Women Team becomes the first group of Nepali women to climb the Seven Summits when they reach the top of Mount Vinson.[72]
2013
- On December 27, Maria Leijerstam from the United Kingdom became the first person in the world to cycle to the South Pole from the edge of the Antarctic Continent.
2016
- First large (78 member) all-women expedition, Homeward Bound, goes to Antarctica.[73]
2018
- Linda (Marie) Eketoft, a lawyer and writer from Sweden, became the first woman to Heliski Antarctica on 14 December 2018.
2019
- On December 9, Tynthia (Tia) King became the second African American to reach the South Pole.
2020s
2020
- Anja Blacha set the record for the longest solo, unsupported, and unassisted polar expedition by a woman.[74][75]
2022
See also
References
Citations
- 1 2 3 4 Hulbe, Wang & Ommanney 2010, p. 947.
- ↑ Roldan, Gabriela (2010). "Changes in the Contributions of Women to Antarctic National Programmes" (PDF). PCAS 13 Review. hdl:10092/13909. Retrieved 30 August 2016.
- ↑ Blackadder 2015, p. 172.
- ↑ "Women in Antarctica: Sharing this Life-Changing Experience", transcript of speech by Robin Burns, given at the 4th Annual Phillip Law Lecture; Hobart, Tasmania, Australia; 18 June 2005. Retrieved 5 August 2010.
- ↑ "The first woman in Antarctica". www.antarctica.gov.au. Australian Antarctic Division. 2012. Retrieved 2016-06-27.
- ↑ Jesse, Blackadder (2013-01-01). "Illuminations : casting light upon the earliest female travellers to Antarctica". Western Sydney University Thesis Collection.
- ↑ Bogen, H. (1957). Main events in the history of Antarctic exploration. Sandefjord: Norwegian Whaling Gazette, page 85
- 1 2 3 4 Gammon, Katharine (28 March 2012). "7 Extreme Explorers". Live Science. Retrieved 24 August 2016.
- 1 2 3 4 "Antarctic Firsts". Antarctic Circle. 4 October 2014. Retrieved 24 August 2016.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "Famous Firsts". The Antarctic Sun. United States Antarctic Program. 13 November 2009. Retrieved 25 August 2016.
- 1 2 3 Bogle, Ariel (11 August 2016). "New Wikipedia Project Champions Women Scientists in the Antarctic". Mashable. Retrieved 24 August 2016.
- ↑ "Antarctic Women Then & Now". The Antarctic Book of Cooking and Cleaning. Retrieved 27 August 2016.
- 1 2 3 "Polar Women Books". Laura Kay. Retrieved 30 August 2016.
- ↑ "The women of Macquarie Island". www.antarctica.gov.au. Retrieved 2016-12-08.
- 1 2 3 Blackadder, Jesse (2013). "Heroines of the Ice". Australian Geographic (113). Retrieved 29 August 2016 – via EBSCOhost.
- ↑ Ferraro, Daiana Paola; Cabo, Laura Isabel De; Libertelli, Marcela Mónica; Quartino, María Liliana; Clérici, Laura Chornogubsky; Tancoff, Soledad; Davies, Yolanda; Cruz, Laura Edith (20 November 2020). "Mujeres científicas del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales: "Las Cuatro de Melchior"". Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales. Nueva Serie (in Spanish). 22 (2): 249–264. ISSN 1853-0400.
- ↑ Riffenburgh, Beau, ed. (2007). Encyclopedia of the Antarctic. New York: Routledge. p. 1094. ISBN 978-0415970242.
- ↑ "Celebrating Irene Bernasconi". www.google.com. Retrieved 7 November 2022.
- ↑ "Women in Antarctica". NZ History. Retrieved 25 August 2016.
- ↑ "First Women at Pole". South Pole Station. Retrieved 24 August 2016.
- ↑ "First Women at Pole". South Pole Station. Retrieved 24 August 2016.
- ↑ Peden 1998, p. 17.
- ↑ Green, John; Boothroyd, Ian (1999). "Ann Chapman – inspirational limnologist". New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research. 33 (3): 333–340. doi:10.1080/00288330.1999.9516880.
- ↑ Stevens, Quentin; Collis, Christy (2003). Gusheh, Maryam; Stead, Naomi (eds.). "Living in the Cold Light of Reason: Colonial Settlements in Antarctica" (PDF). The 20th Annual Conference of the Society of Architectural Historians, Australia and New Zealand: 9.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 Burns 2007, p. 1095.
- ↑ Burns 2007, p. 1094.
- 1 2 Bowden, Tim (1997). The Silence Calling: Australians in Antarctica 1947-1997. St Leonards, NSW: Allen & Unwin. p. 443. ISBN 978-1864483116.
- ↑ Aleem, Ayesha (20 May 2015). "How Did Meher Moos Get Her 18 Passports?". Conde Nast Traveller. Retrieved 25 August 2016.
- ↑ Mills, William James (2003). Exploring Polar Frontiers: A Historical Encyclopedia. Vol. 1. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO. p. 309. ISBN 9781576074220.
- ↑ Lewander 2009, p. 96.
- ↑ Brueck, Hilary (13 February 2016). "Meet The All-Woman Team Heading To Antarctica This Year". Forbes. Retrieved 24 August 2016.
- ↑ "Brooke Knapp Flies RTW & Over Both Poles in a Gulfstream III (#2)". Wingnet. Retrieved 29 August 2016.
- ↑ Chaturvedi, Arun (2004). "Indian Women in Antarctic Expeditions: A Historical Perspective". Department of Ocean Development, Technical Publication. 17: 277–279.
- ↑ Tiwari, Anju (2008). Story of Antarctica. Goa: National Centre for Antarctic and Ocean Research. ISBN 978-81-906526-0-5.
- ↑ Guerrero, Teresa (12 June 2013). "La abuela científica regresa a la Antártida". El Mundo (in Spanish). Retrieved 29 August 2016.
- ↑ Rejcek, Peter (13 November 2009). "Women Fully Integrated Into USAP Over Last 40 Years". The Antarctic Sun. United States Antarctic Program. Retrieved 25 August 2016.
- ↑ Zimmermann, Kim Ann (11 November 2013). "Mount Vinson: Antarctica's Highest Mountain". Live Science. Retrieved 30 August 2016.
- 1 2 3 Mills, William James (2003). Exploring Polar Frontiers: A Historical Encyclopedia. Vol. 1. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO. pp. 716–717. ISBN 9781576074220.
- ↑ Havermans, Charlotte (December 2015). "Interview With the Station Leader of the South Korean Research Base King Sejong in Antarctica: Dr. In-Young Ahn" (PDF). Women in Polar Science (2): 8–13. Retrieved 25 August 2016.
- ↑ "Serap Tilav – First Turkish woman at South Pole". Polar Research Center. Retrieved 25 August 2016.
- ↑ Kurtenbach, Elaine (31 March 1991). "Japanese Woman Scales Mountains While Ignoring Society's Stereotypes". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 30 August 2016.
- ↑ Burns 2001, p. 17.
- ↑ "Letters from Antarctica". CBS News. 22 December 1999. Retrieved 25 August 2016.
- ↑ "Sanae Iv | Alsa".
- ↑ "SANAE IV". Antarctic Legacy of South Africa. Retrieved 29 August 2016.
- ↑ Shramovych, Vyacheslav (March 7, 2018). "The women among snows: will the Ukrainian women return to Antarctica?". BBC News Ukraine (in Ukrainian). BBC Ukraine. Retrieved July 13, 2018.
- ↑ "First Chinese Females to Spend Winter at Antarctica". China.org. August 2000. Retrieved 24 August 2016.
- ↑ Aston, Felicity (September 2005). "Women of the White Continent". Geographical (Campion Interactive Publishing). 77 (9): 26. Retrieved 25 August 2016 – via EBSCOhost.
- ↑ McKay, Mary-Jayne. "Swimming to America". 60 Minutes. CBS News. Retrieved 21 July 2011.
- ↑ "Women & the U.S. Coast Guard". United States Coast Guard. Retrieved 29 August 2016.
- ↑ "Linda Beilharz OAM". Australian Museum. 27 November 2015. Retrieved 24 August 2016.
- ↑ "Moroccan Astronomer Merieme Chadid". Morocco.com. Retrieved 25 August 2016.
- ↑ Aislinn Simpson (29 December 2006), "Woman treks alone to South Pole in 39 days", The Guardian, retrieved 2013-03-12
- ↑ "Annual Report" (PDF). academic.sun.ac.za. Centre of Excellence for Invasion Biology. 2006.
- ↑ "Register of Grants" (PDF). ir.nrf.ac.za/. National Research Foundation. 2011.
- ↑ "Team Members". antarcticbiogeography.org. Functional Biogeography of the Antarctic. Retrieved 2016-06-10.
- ↑ "Cork town honors member of Scott's Antarctic Expedition Patrick Keohane 100 years on". Irish Central. 22 August 2012. Retrieved 24 August 2016.
- ↑ "2011 Competitors". Antarctic Ice Marathon & 100k. Retrieved 25 August 2016.
- ↑ "40-Year-Old First Japan Woman to Reach South Pole". The Japan Times. 25 January 2008. Retrieved 25 August 2016.
- ↑ "Women complete 562-mile ski journey to South Pole", Los Angeles Times, December 31, 2009
- ↑ Chua, Grace (31 December 2009). "900km On Foot in Sub-Zero Weather". The Straits Times. Retrieved 11 November 2017 – via LexisNexis.
- ↑ "Delhi girl becomes first Indian woman to ski to South Pole". The Times of India. January 1, 2010. Archived from the original on October 25, 2012. Retrieved 13 November 2017.
- ↑ "First Cypriot to reach the South Pole" Archived 2010-01-02 at the Wayback Machine, Cyprus Mail, January 1, 2010
- ↑ "Canadian McGrath first to reach South Pole solo". 16 January 2010.
- ↑ Valls, Luis (2 October 2013). "Karla Wheelock: hasta la cima de la montaña más alta". Forbes Mexico (in Spanish). Retrieved 29 August 2016.
- ↑ "Awed by Antarctica, Kuwaiti Student Sets for More Exploration". Al Arabiya News. 5 March 2011. Retrieved 25 August 2016.
- ↑ Pitts, Vanessa (26 March 2013). "Hillary, Barbara". Black Past. Retrieved 27 August 2016.
- ↑ Michael Warren. "First woman to cross Antarctica solo sets two records". The Globe and Mail. Archived from the original on 2012-01-27. Retrieved 2012-01-28.
- ↑ "First to climb Mt. Sidley in Antarctica (Female): Crina Coco Popescu sets world record". World Record Academy. 21 February 2012. Retrieved 25 August 2016.
- ↑ "International Women's Day in Antarctica". Calgary Herald. 19 March 2012. Retrieved 25 August 2016.
- ↑ Roenigk, Alyssa (28 May 2015). "After the Seven Summits". ESPN. Retrieved 29 August 2016.
- ↑ "Largest all-women expedition heads to Antarctica". BBC. 1 December 2016. Retrieved 13 December 2020.
- ↑ Stephens, Rebecca (5 February 2020). "How three British women overcame ferocious storms and 'polar thigh' to conquer Antarctica on skis". The Telegraph. Retrieved 2020-03-29.
- ↑ "Anja Blacha nach Expedition zum Südpol: "Männerdomänen sind für Frauen erreichbar"". Frankfurter Rundschau (in German). 2020-02-10. Retrieved 2020-03-29.
- ↑ "Polar Preet conquers South Pole close to world record". army.mod.uk. Ministry of Defence. 3 January 2022. Retrieved 4 January 2022.
- ↑ "Kate becomes patron of Army officer's Antarctica challenge". The Irish News. 25 October 2022.
- ↑ Treisman, Rachel (4 January 2022). "Preet Chandi is the first woman of color to complete a solo expedition in Antarctica". NPR. Retrieved 4 January 2022.
- ↑ Murray, Jessica (5 January 2022). "Preet Chandi becomes first woman of colour to ski solo to south pole". The Guardian. Retrieved 22 January 2022.
- ↑ "No. 60603". The London Gazette (Supplement). 20 August 2013. p. 16472.
Sources
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- Blackadder, Jesse (2015). "Frozen Voices: Women, Silence and Antarctica" (PDF). In Hince, Bernadette; Summerson, Rupert; Wiesel, Arnan (eds.). Antarctica: Music, Sounds, and Cultural Connections. Canberra: ANU Press.
- Burns, Robin (2001). Just Tell Them I Survived!: Women in Antarctica. Crows Nest, NSW: Allen & Unwin. ISBN 978-1865083827.
- Burns, Robin (2007). "Women in Antarctica: From Companions to Professionals". In Riffenburgh, Beau (ed.). Encyclopedia of the Antarctic. Vol. 1. New York: Routledge. ISBN 9780415970242.
- Lewander, Lisbeth (2009). "Women and Civilisation on Ice". In Hansson, Heidi; Norberg, Cathrine (eds.). Cold Matters: Cultural Perceptions of Snow, Ice and Cold. Umea: Umea University. pp. 89–102.
- Peden, Irene C. (1998). "If You Fail, There Won't Be Another Woman on the Antarctic Continent for a Generation". In Rothblum, Esther D.; Weinstock, Jacqueline S.; Morris, Jessica F. (eds.). Women in the Antarctic. New York: The Haworth Press, Inc. ISBN 978-0789002471.
External links
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