Transport in Nicaragua revolves around road, air and water transport modalities.

Road transport

The road infrastructure is very well spread across the Pacific side, while the Atlantic side has less infrastructure. As of 2009, from a total of 19,137 km 2,033 km are paved and 17,104 km are unpaved.[1]

Public transport

Public transport in Nicaragua is mostly served by buses on both short and wide range distances. There are five different types, based on the size of the vehicle, target group, frequency of stops and distance.[2]

Urban buses

Former school bus at Ferrecalle in Estelí used as urban bus on the line from Hospital to Oscar Gamez.
Former school bus at Hospital in Estelí used as urban bus on the line from Hospital to Villa Cuba.

Urban buses (Urbanos) can be found in Managua, Estelí, León, Chinandega, Matagalpa and Bluefields. In most cases, passengers have to pay for each ride on a bus, with the need to pay again when switching to another. The costs differ from 2.50 C$ in Managua to 10 C$ in Bluefields.[2]

An urban bus in Nicaragua takes the same road multiple times per day, following a more or less strict schedule. The organization of the buses in different towns differs heavily as every town is organizing it on their own behave. In Estelí every bus driver is assisted by mostly two persons helping them (Ayudantes). Bus drivers in Managua have to manage their job on their own.[2]

Another fact that heavily differs are the vehicles used in the different cities. In Managua mostly urban buses sponsored by Russia are used, in Estelí former school buses from the United States, in Bluefields Japanese light commercial vans and in León pickup trucks that got extended with seats and a roof.[2]

Bus stop sign in Estelí

The quality of bus stops also heavily differs. In the center of Managua many proper bus stops exist with roofs or at least signs, in other areas there often isn't any indication of a bus stop. Nevertheless, buses serve a network of established stops with common names known by bus assistants. Passengers need to know or ask where and when which bus stops.[2]

To improve the accessibility of public transport, in 2016 the OpenStreetMap group in Nicaragua MapaNica crowdsourced with the help of more than 150 citizens of Managua the first bus transit map in whole Central America.[3] Later in 2018, they made this data machine-accessible, serving it today in different apps on several platforms.[4]

Urban buses in Managua will be use Brazilian dual-mode bus and hybrid electric bus that are currently in evaluation process.

Suburban buses

Suburban buses (Suburbanos) connect larger cities with communities in outer areas. They only stop a few times inside the city, later nearly everywhere where passengers request to get off. Like with urban buses, a team serves a route several times per day and the service is organized by the local government. Prices can vary depending on the distance.[2]

Ruteados

Ruteado at COTRAN Sur, Estelí

Connecting two or more cities, Ruteados (also called Servicio Ordinario) are the biggest part of bus services in Nicaragua.[2]

Express buses

Express bus in Nicaragua

Express buses (Expresos) connect, like Ruteados and share taxis, two or more cities, but with less stops, resulting in a faster travel time.[2]

Share taxis

Share taxi at COTRAN Norte, Estelí

Share taxis are called Interlocales in Nicaragua and also connect two or more cities, like Ruteados and express buses, with the main difference that they depart from the bus station once they are filled either mostly or completely with passengers. Like express buses, they nearly don't stop between start and destination.[2]

Air transport

Several airports are serving both national and international flights.

Airports

As of 2013, 147 airports exist in Nicaragua.[1] Nicaragua's main international airport is Managua International Airport.

Airports - with paved runways

In total, there are 12 airports with paved runways with the following lengths:[1]

  • 2,438 to 3,047 m: 3
  • 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2
  • 914 to 1,523 m: 3
  • under 914 m: 4

Airports - with unpaved runways

In total, there are 135 airports with unpaved runways with the following lengths:[1]

  • 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1
  • 914 to 1,523 m: 15
  • under 914 m: 119

Water transport

Nicaragua offers 2,220 km of water transport roads, including the two large lakes Lake Nicaragua and Lake Managua. A Nicaragua Canal was planned but canceled on 21 February 2018.[5][6][7]

Ports and harbors

Atlantic Ocean (Caribbean)

Pacific Ocean

Other

Rail transport

Since September 2001, all rail transport has been suspended in Nicaragua.

Rapid transit

Managua will have metro system that is currently in the feasibility study conducted by Japan International Cooperation Agency.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 "Nicaragua - The World Factbook". Central Intelligence Agency. CIA.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Gütschow, Mikolai-Alexander (July 7, 2018). "Gestern und heute: Öffentlicher Verkehr in Nicaragua". Nico Alt. Retrieved July 11, 2018.
  3. ↑ Delattre, Felix (February 2, 2016). "The true geographers take the bus". Confidencial. Retrieved July 23, 2018. But two years ago, a group inhabitants of Managua by own initiative decided to take the feat and create the first bus network map in whole Central America. [...] This way more than 150 citizens collaborated in this gigantic task to map all routes and bus stops of the two cities. [...] The map is handed over today at 9am at one of the main and most central bus stops (UCA).
  4. ↑ "OpenStreetMap and the Buses in Nicaragua – Presentation in Casa Vínculos, Estelí". MapaNica. March 8, 2018. Retrieved July 23, 2018. Six months later, the two groups started working together to improve the dates and to bring the project to the next level which they presented in this talk: the first mobile application to navigate through the public transport in Managua, Estelí and some national routes.
  5. ↑ "Incertidumbres financieras desvanecen sueño de canal en Nicaragua". El Financiero. AFP. February 21, 2018. Retrieved February 21, 2018.
  6. ↑ Gautier, Charles (February 21, 2018). "Le projet de canal du Nicaragua prend l'eau". Le Figaro. Retrieved February 21, 2018.
  7. ↑ Cropsey, Seth (April 9, 2018). "China Sets Its Sights on South America". The American Interest. Retrieved April 9, 2018. China has abandoned its attempts to construct a Nicaraguan Canal to compete with its Panamanian counterpart.
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