The Trichet-Draghi letter, also known as the letter of ECB to Italy, is a confidential correspondence by which, on 5 August 2011, the former and current ECB presidents Jean-Claude Trichet and Mario Draghi (outgoing Governor of the Bank of Italy) addressed to Italian government several requests in order to influence European support to drastic measures of economic rebalancing.

Background

Despite the approval of economical measures proposed by the Italian government (with Legge 30 luglio 2010, n. 122 and with Legge 15 luglio 2011 n. 111), on 4 August 2011, the spread of decennial btp-bund reached 389 points.[1]

Historical context

On 5 August 2011, during the dramatic crisis of European banks, the former governor of ECB, Jean Claude Trichet, together with Mario Draghi, wrote a "secret" letter to the Italian government, at the time led by Silvio Berlusconi. In the letter, they pushed for a series of economic measures "to be implemented as soon as possible".[2][3] By complying with these measures, the support of the ECB was implicitly conditioned by the massive purchase of Italian bonds on the secondary market.

This initiative represented an absolute novelty[4] and, for several commentators, strong interference in the internal affairs of a sovereign country.[5][6]

Requested measures

The letter specified the measures considered urgent in order to avoid the collapse of the country and of Euro. Listed points were:[7]

  • 1. Significant measures in order to increase the growth potential;
  • 2. Immediate and decided measures to ensure the sustainability of public finances;
    • 2.a Further measures of balance revision;
    • 2.b Clause of automatic deficit reduction;
    • 2.c Strict control on debt assumption, even commercial, and expenses of regional and local authorities.

Publication of the letter

On 5 August 2011, the same day of the letter, with closed markets, Berlusconi and Tremonti summoned a press conference to explain an extraordinary maneuver for Italy.[8] After this conference, the press began to talk about a "secret letter" of ECB sent to the Italian government.

Andrea D'Ambra, president of Generazione attiva association, asked to ECB to see that letter, but on 7 September 2011 ECB answered that "the letter must remain secret":[9]

On 29 September 2011, a scoop of Corriere della Sera reveals this letter to public opinion.[10]

Consequences

The Italian government during August proposed further economical measures that Parliament approved in almost one month with Legge 14 settembre 2011 n. 148 (Conversione in legge, con modificazioni, del decreto-legge 13 agosto 2011, n. 138, recante ulteriori misure urgenti per la stabilizzazione finanziaria).

Nevertheless, in a political confrontation between Berlusconi, Angela Merkel and Nicolas Sarkozy on 22 October 2011, these measures were considered insufficient, in a meeting that was "defined in the following days as tense and extremely hard towards the government of Rome by Valentino Valentini, the personal adviser in international relationship of Italian Prime Minister. Merkel and Sarkozy, which evidently did not tolerate excuses about current difficult situation of Italy, pushed on Prime Minister, so that he announced strong and concrete measures, and to apply in order to demonstrate that his government is serious about debt problem."[11]

Conspiracy theory

The illegal interceptions of NSA on collaborators of Italian Prime Minister were indicated by his party to stigmatize US interference[12] and to find confirm of a conspiracy theory spread from these facts.[13] According to this theory, the famous press conference of the following day (in which the leaders of Germany and France, before to answer to the question about their trust in Berlusconi and in the solidity of Italy,[14] exchanged a wry smile, and then said to have trust in the sense of responsibility of Italian political, economical and financial institutions),[15] had activated the President of Italian Republic Giorgio Napolitano[16] who, on 26 October 2011, would have refused to sign[17] a decree under preparation with further economical measures that would have reinforce the position of the Italian government facing the "perfect storm" of the financial market and the meeting EU in Nice.

The authors of this conspiracy theory do not exclude, but even better cumulate, other concurrent conspiratorial reconstructions in order to justify Berlusconi's resignation on 12 November 2011.[18]

References

  1. ↑ (in Italian) La Repubblica - Da Berlusconi a Monti, la drammatica estate 2011 tra spread e rischi di bancarotta (From Berlusconi to Monti, the dramatic summer 2011 between spread and risks of bankrupt)
  2. ↑ Jean Pisani-Ferry (2014). The Euro Crisis and Its Aftermath. Oxford University Press. p. 183. ISBN 978-0-19-999333-8.
  3. ↑ (in Italian) The Letter of ECB to Italy that inflamed political debate
  4. ↑ (in Italian) Il Sole 24 Ore - The letter from Frankfurt that changed Italy
  5. ↑ Elido Fazi (7 February 2012). La terza guerra mondiale? (Three World War?) (in Italian). Fazi Editore. ISBN 9788864115818.
  6. ↑ Giulio Tremonti. Uscita di sicurezza (Emergency exit) (in Italian). Rizzoli.
  7. ↑ (in Italian) Corriere della Sera - «C'è l'esigenza di misure significative per accrescere il potenziale di crescita» («There is the necessity of significant measures in order to increase the growth potential»)
  8. ↑ (in Italian) La Repubblica - Crisi, Berlusconi anticipa la manovra (Crisis, Berlusconi anticipates the maneuver)
  9. ↑ (in Italian) Contropiano - Bce: "La lettera all’Italia deve rimanere segreta" (ECB: "The letter to Italy must remain secret")
  10. ↑ (in Italian) Corriere della Sera - Il documento segreto della Bce (The secret document of ECB)
  11. ↑ (in Italian) Il Fatto Quotidiano - Wikileaks, la NSA spiava anche il governo Berlusconi (Wikileaks, NSA even spied on Berlusconi government)
  12. ↑ (in Italian) Agenparl - Intercettazioni, Brunetta-Romani incontrano Minniti (Interceptions, Brunetta-Romani meet Minniti)[usurped]
  13. ↑ (in Italian) Il Giornale - La verità su Re Giorgio e il 2011 (The truth about "King George" and 2011)
  14. ↑ (in Italian) Giornalettismo - La Merkel e Sarkozy ridono di Berlusconi (Merkel and Sarkozy laugh at Berlusconi)
  15. ↑ (in Italian) La Repubblica - Berlusconi spiato da NSA (Berlusconi spied by NSA)
  16. ↑ (in Italian) Il Giornale - L'ultimo tassello che dimostra il complotto di Napolitano & C. (The last piece that demonstrates the conspiracy of Napolitano & Co.)
  17. ↑ (in Italian) Panorama - 2011: congiura a palazzo contro Berlusconi (2011: conspiracy against Berlusconi)
  18. ↑ (in Italian) Libero - La fine di Silvio e l'arrivo di Monti (The end of Silvio and the arrivalof Monti)
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.