Typhoon Soulik
Typhoon Soulik over the Ryukyu Islands at peak intensity on August 21, 2018, displaying a large eye with annular characteristics.
Soulik at peak intensity on August 21
Meteorological history
FormedAugust 15, 2018
ExtratropicalAugust 24, 2018
DissipatedSeptember 1, 2018
Very strong typhoon
10-minute sustained (JMA)
Highest winds185 km/h (115 mph)
Lowest pressure950 hPa (mbar); 28.05 inHg
Category 3-equivalent typhoon
1-minute sustained (SSHWS/JTWC)
Highest winds205 km/h (125 mph)
Lowest pressure943 hPa (mbar); 27.85 inHg
Overall effects
Fatalities86 direct
Damage$125 million (2018 USD)
Areas affectedCaroline Islands, Mariana Islands, Northeast China, Japan, Korean Peninsula, Russian Far East, Alaska
IBTrACS
Part of the 2018 Pacific typhoon season

Typhoon Soulik was an unusually large, and the deadliest typhoon to strike the Korean Peninsula since Khanun in 2012. Soulik formed from an area of low pressure on August 15, and was the twenty-ninth tropical depression, twentieth tropical storm, tenth severe tropical storm, and sixth typhoon of the 2018 Pacific typhoon season.

Meteorological history

Map plotting the storm's track and intensity, according to the Saffir–Simpson scale
Map key
Saffir–Simpson scale
  Tropical depression (≤38 mph, ≤62 km/h)
  Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)
  Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)
  Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)
  Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)
  Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)
  Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)
  Unknown
Storm type
triangle Extratropical cyclone, remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depression

On August 14 at 06:00 UTC, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) began monitoring an area of convection approximately 435 nautical miles (805 km; 500 mi) southeast of Andersen Air Force Base, assessing its development potential in the next day as low. The system was located in favorable conditions for development, though its low-level circulation remained elongated. Sea surface temperatures in the area were around 28–29 °C (82–84 °F).[1] Convective bands began to form around the system, though they remained shallow; by 15:00 UTC, the JTWC upgraded its development potential in the next day to medium.[2] Convection began to deepen and wrap into a consolidating low-level circulation, and at 22:30 UTC, the JTWC issued a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert on the system.[3]

On August 15 at 06:00 UTC, the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) began monitoring a tropical depression in the Philippine Sea.[4] The depression continued north-northwestward,[5] and at 15:00 UTC, the JTWC also upgraded the system to a tropical depression as it was located approximately 53 nautical miles (98 km; 61 mi) south-southwest of Hagatna, giving it the designation 22W. Deep convection was located southeast of a broad and elongated low-level circulation.[6] Conditions remained favorable for further development[7] as the depression began consolidating despite an exposed low-level circulation,[8] and on August 16 at 00:00 UTC, the JMA upgraded the depression to a tropical storm, giving it the name Soulik.[9] Convective banding began to wrap into the still-exposed low-level circulation, and at 03:00 UTC, the JTWC also upgraded Soulik to a tropical storm.[10] Soulik then organized rapidly as its low-level circulation became more defined,[11] and at 18:00 UTC, the JMA further upgraded Soulik to a severe tropical storm.[12] By 21:00 UTC, a low-level eye feature appeared as its structure began to rapidly improve,[13] and on August 17 at 03:00 UTC, the JTWC upgraded Soulik to a typhoon.[14] At 12:00 UTC, the JMA also upgraded Soulik to a typhoon as it was steered by a mid-level subtropical high-pressure area.[15]

Soulik then rapidly intensified into a severe typhoon, and on the next day, Soulik reached its peak intensity, with winds of 165 km/h (103 mph), and remained that intensity for several days. It also began to display some annular characteristics. After passing the Ryukyu Islands early on 22 August, the storm gradually weakened due to low sea-surface temperatures. On August 23, Soulik made landfall over Haenam County, South Jeolla Province of South Korea at around 23:00 KST (14:00 UTC).[16]

Impact

Soulik weakening while approaching Korea on August 23

Total damage in South Korea were at ₩50.7 billion (US$45 million).[17] Economic loss in Northeast China were counted to be CN¥550 million (US$79.9 million).[18] Flooding in North Korea triggered by Soulik killed 86 people.[19]

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Significant Tropical Weather Advisory for the Western and South Pacific Oceans from 140600Z-150600Z August 2018". tgftp.nws.noaa.gov. Joint Typhoon Warning Center. August 14, 2018. Archived from the original on July 10, 2018. Retrieved April 14, 2021.
  2. ↑ "Significant Tropical Weather Advisory for the Western and South Pacific Oceans Reissued from 141500Z-150600Z August 2018". tgftp.nws.noaa.gov. Joint Typhoon Warning Center. August 14, 2018. Archived from the original on July 10, 2018. Retrieved April 14, 2021.
  3. ↑ "Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert WTPN21 PGTW 142200". tgftp.nws.noaa.gov. Joint Typhoon Warning Center. August 14, 2018. Archived from the original on October 21, 2018. Retrieved April 14, 2021.
  4. ↑ "Warning and Summary 150600". tgftp.nws.noaa.gov. Japan Meteorological Agency. August 15, 2018. Archived from the original on August 23, 2018. Retrieved April 15, 2021.
  5. ↑ "RSMC Tropical Cyclone Advisory 15200". tgftp.nws.noaa.gov. Japan Meteorological Agency. August 15, 2018. Archived from the original on October 4, 2018. Retrieved April 15, 2021.
  6. ↑ "Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Depression 22W (Twentytwo) Warning NR 01". tgftp.nws.noaa.gov. Joint Typhoon Warning Center. August 15, 2018. Archived from the original on May 14, 2021. Retrieved April 15, 2021.
  7. ↑ "RSMC Tropical Cyclone Prognostic Reasoning no. 2 for TD Located at 14.0N 143.7E". tgftp.nws.noaa.gov. Japan Meteorological Agency. August 15, 2018. Archived from the original on July 12, 2018. Retrieved April 15, 2021.
  8. ↑ "Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Depression 22W (Twentytwo) Warning NR 02". tgftp.nws.noaa.gov. Joint Typhoon Warning Center. August 15, 2018. Archived from the original on May 14, 2021. Retrieved April 15, 2021.
  9. ↑ "RSMC Tropical Cyclone Advisory 160000". tgftp.nws.noaa.gov. Japan Meteorological Agency. August 16, 2018. Archived from the original on October 4, 2018. Retrieved April 15, 2021.
  10. ↑ "Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Depression 22W (Twentytwo) Warning NR 03". tgftp.nws.noaa.gov. Joint Typhoon Warning Center. August 16, 2021. Archived from the original on May 14, 2021. Retrieved April 15, 2021.
  11. ↑ "Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Storm 22W (Soulik) Warning NR 05". tgftp.nws.noaa.gov. Joint Typhoon Warning Center. August 16, 2018. Archived from the original on May 14, 2021. Retrieved April 15, 2021.
  12. ↑ "RSMC Tropical Cyclone Advisory 161800". tgftp.nws.noaa.gov. Japan Meteorological Agency. August 16, 2018. Archived from the original on October 4, 2018. Retrieved April 15, 2021.
  13. ↑ "Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Storm 22W (Soulik) Warning NR 06". tgftp.nws.noaa.gov. Joint Typhoon Warning Center. August 16, 2018. Archived from the original on May 14, 2021. Retrieved April 15, 2021.
  14. ↑ "Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 22W (Soulik) Warning NR 07". tgftp.nws.noaa.gov. Joint Typhoon Warning Center. August 17, 2021. Archived from the original on May 14, 2021. Retrieved April 15, 2021.
  15. ↑ "RSMC Tropical Cyclone Prognostic Reasoning no. 9 for TY 1819 Soulik (1819)". tgftp.nws.noaa.gov. Japan Meteorological Agency. August 17, 2018. Archived from the original on July 12, 2018. Retrieved April 15, 2021.
  16. ↑ 태풍 현황과 전망 (in Korean). Korea Meteorological Administration. August 23, 2018. Archived from the original on August 23, 2018. Retrieved August 23, 2018.
  17. ↑ 태풍 솔릭·호우 피해지역 복구비 1338억 확정 (in Korean). Wikitree. September 20, 2018. Retrieved October 15, 2018.
  18. ↑ "台风"苏力"致吉林黑龙江损失5.5亿元". 中华人民共和国减灾部. August 27, 2018. Archived from the original on September 22, 2018. Retrieved August 27, 2018.
  19. ↑ Hamish Macdonald (September 3, 2018). "Dozens dead, tens of thousands displaced by flooding in North Korea: UN". NK News. Archived from the original on October 21, 2018. Retrieved October 3, 2018.
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