Ulmus serotina
Ulmus serotina, Cheekwood, Nashville, TN
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Rosales
Family: Ulmaceae
Genus: Ulmus
Subgenus: U. subg. Oreoptelea
Section: U. sect. Chaetoptelea
Species:
U. serotina
Binomial name
Ulmus serotina
Generalized natural range of Ulmus serotina in the US
Synonyms
  • Ulmus divaricata C. H. Mull.
  • Ulmus multinervosa C. H. Mull.

Ulmus serotina Sarg., the September elm, is an autumn-flowering North American species of tree. It is uncommon beyond Tennessee; it is only very locally distributed through Illinois, Kentucky, Arkansas, Mississippi, Oklahoma, Alabama, and Georgia, and disjunct populations into Nuevo León, Mexico.[2] It grows predominantly on limestone bluffs and along streams to elevations of 400 m.[3]

Description

Rarely exceeding 20 m in height, the tree has a rounded crown with spreading to pendulous branches. The glabrous young shoots become progressively corky-winged with age, and bear oblong to obovate leaves <8 cm long. The wind-pollinated apetalous perfect flowers form pendulous racemes, which open in September and serve to distinguish the species from its cogenitor, the cedar elm U. crassifolia, with which it readily hybridizes. The samarae are oblong-elliptical, 10–15 mm in length, deeply divided at the apex, and ripen in November .

Pests and diseases

The species is highly susceptible to Dutch elm disease.

Cultivation

Before the outbreak of Dutch elm disease, U. serotina enjoyed limited popularity as a shade tree in the southern part of its range. The tree grows well on most soils, but is intolerant of anaerobic or saline conditions; it is also frost tolerant to -30°C (-23°F). The September elm is very rare in cultivation in Europe;[4] it was briefly propagated and marketed in the UK by the Hillier and Sons nursery, Winchester, Hampshire, from 1972 to 1977, when 16 were sold.[5][6] It is not known to have been introduced to Australasia. No cultivars of this taxon are known, nor is it known to be in commerce.

Notable trees

Hybrids

  • Ulmus × arkansana

Accessions

North America
Europe
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References

  1. ↑ IUCN SSC Global Tree Specialist Group.; Botanic Gardens Conservation International; et al. (BGCI) (2020). "Ulmus serotina". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T152858625A152905642. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-1.RLTS.T152858625A152905642.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  2. ↑ Todzia, C. A.; Panero, J. L. (1998), "A new species of Ulmus (Ulmaceae) from southern Mexico and a synopsis of the species in Mexico", Brittonia, 50 (3): 343–347, doi:10.2307/2807778, JSTOR 2807778, S2CID 21320752
  3. ↑ Duncan, W. H., & Duncan, M. B. (2000). Trees of the Southeastern United States, 234–238. Athens, Georgia, USA. ISBN 0-8203-2271-7
  4. ↑ Bean, W. J. (1981). Trees and shrubs hardy in Great Britain, 7th edition. Murray, London.
  5. ↑ Hillier & Sons (1977). Catalogue of Trees & Shrubs. Hillier, Ampfield, UK.
  6. ↑ Hillier & Sons Sales inventory 1962 to 1977 (unpublished).
  7. ↑ "September Elm - OH". American Forests. Retrieved 2023-10-03.
  8. ↑ "Spring Grove Cemetery - Champions of the Grove". Spring Grove Cemetery.
  9. ↑ "Ghost Trees: The champion September elm". Vanderbilt University. Retrieved 2023-10-03.
  10. ↑ Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh. (2017). List of Living Accessions: Ulmus
  • "Ulmus serotina Sarg.". Herbarium catalogue. Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 17 October 2016.
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