Vincent Jackson
refer to caption
Jackson with the Buccaneers in 2012
No. 83
Position:Wide receiver
Personal information
Born:(1983-01-14)January 14, 1983
Colorado Springs, Colorado, U.S.
Died:February 15, 2021(2021-02-15) (aged 38)
Brandon, Florida, U.S.
Height:6 ft 5 in (1.96 m)
Weight:230 lb (104 kg)
Career information
High school:Widefield
(Colorado Springs, Colorado)
College:Northern Colorado (2001–2004)
NFL Draft:2005 / Round: 2 / Pick: 61
Career history
Career highlights and awards
Career NFL statistics
Receptions:540
Receiving yards:9,080
Receiving touchdowns:57
Player stats at NFL.com · PFR

Vincent Terrell Jackson[1][2][3] (January 14, 1983 – February 15, 2021) was an American professional football wide receiver who played for 12 seasons in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Northern Colorado Bears, and was selected by the San Diego Chargers in the second round of the 2005 NFL Draft. He also played for the Tampa Bay Buccaneers. Jackson was selected to the Pro Bowl three times and exceeded 1,000 receiving yards six times in his career. Jackson died in 2021, with the official cause of his death reported as chronic alcohol abuse. An autopsy found Stage 2 chronic traumatic encephalopathy in his brain.

Early years

Jackson attended Widefield High School in Colorado Springs, Colorado.[4] As a senior, he was a Rocky Mountain News All-State Honorable Mention, a first-team all-area pick, and a first-team all-conference pick.[5] He also was a standout in basketball.[5] A straight-A student in high school, Jackson was accepted to Columbia, but decided to attend University of Northern Colorado on a partial scholarship to play both basketball and football.[6]

College career

Jackson enrolled at the University of Northern Colorado and played for the Northern Colorado Bears football[5] team from 2001 to 2004 [7] UNC was one of the few colleges that recruited Jackson out of high school. One of the few true freshmen to ever play for Northern Colorado, Jackson earned All-American honors as a punt returner, scoring the first time he ever touched a ball on a punt return against Adams State College.[5] He became Northern Colorado's all-time leader in receptions, receiving yards (game & season), kick return yards, punt return yards, and receiving touchdowns.[8] His senior season was highlighted by a 13-catch, 249-yard, three-touchdown effort against Florida Atlantic. Jackson is the all-time career record holder in receiving yards and yards per catch among various other, game, season, and career records.[7] Jackson also started for Northern Colorado in basketball,[9] playing for two seasons at UNC and leading the team in scoring both years.[10]

Professional career

2005 NFL Draft

Jackson was selected in the second round (61st overall) of the 2005 NFL Draft (the highest ever by a Northern Colorado graduate) by the San Diego Chargers.[11]

Pre-draft measurables
HeightWeightArm lengthHand span40-yard dash10-yard split20-yard split20-yard shuttleThree-cone drillVertical jumpBroad jumpBench press
6 ft 4+3⁄4 in
(1.95 m)		 241 lb
(109 kg)		 32+3⁄4 in
(0.83 m)		 9+5⁄8 in
(0.24 m)		4.51 s1.57 s2.58 s4.00 s6.84 s39 in
(0.99 m)		10 ft 9 in
(3.28 m)		23 reps
Bench press, broad jump, 20-yard shuttle, and three-cone drill values from Pro Day.[12][13] All other values from NFL Combine.[12][14]

San Diego Chargers

2005 season

Jackson got off to a slow start in 2005 due to injuries. He was inactive for the first five games of the season and finally saw his first NFL action in an October 16 game against the Oakland Raiders.[15] Jackson caught his first pass on November 6 against the New York Jets, but he would only catch two more passes for the rest of the season.[15]

2006 season

Jackson caught his first NFL touchdown on September 17, 2006, in a victory over the Tennessee Titans.[16] In the Chargers' Christmas Eve game against the Seattle Seahawks, Jackson had a memorable touchdown catch that led the Chargers to victory. With 29 seconds left, quarterback Philip Rivers threw a touchdown pass to Jackson and the Chargers ended up winning the game 20–17 and setting a franchise record for wins.[17] Jackson ended the season strongly and finished second on the team with six touchdown catches.[16]

In a 2006 game against the Oakland Raiders, Jackson nearly made one of the most bizarre turnovers in recent NFL history. After making a 13-yard catch on fourth down, Jackson immediately got up and spun the ball forward in celebration. Because Jackson had fallen on his own and was not tackled, Raiders cornerback Fabian Washington believed it to be a fumble and leapt upon the ball. Possession was originally awarded to Oakland, but the Chargers were then flagged for an illegal forward pass and allowed to keep the ball.[18]

2007 season

By virtue of the release of Keenan McCardell and an injury to Eric Parker,[19][20] Jackson entered the 2007 season as a starting wide receiver for the Chargers. He started the season in an unmemorable fashion in a home game against the Chicago Bears by dropping a sure touchdown that bounced off his chest in the end zone. However, by the end of the season, Jackson had distinguished himself as a top target for Chargers quarterback Philip Rivers.[21]

2008 season

In the 2008 season, Jackson had a career season with 59 receptions, seven touchdowns, and 1,098 yards.[22] He became the first Chargers wide receiver to have 1,000 yards receiving since 2001.[23]

2009 season

Jackson, in 2009, with the Chargers

Jackson followed his strongest season as a pro with an even stronger one during the 2009 season, when he finished with 68 receptions, and led the team in receiving with nine touchdowns and 1,167 yards.[24] During a January 17, 2010 divisional playoff game against the New York Jets, Jackson made a 37-yard catch that was challenged by Jets head coach Rex Ryan. Jackson received an unsportsmanlike conduct penalty for kicking the challenge flag, which cost the Chargers 15 yards (the play was upheld).[25] Jackson would finish the game with seven receptions for 111 yards, becoming the first receiver of the 2009 NFL season to record a 100-yard game on the Jets All-Pro cornerback and future Buccaneer teammate Darrelle Revis.[26]

2010 season

On March 2, 2010, Jackson faced arraignment for driving with a suspended license.[27] He was handcuffed briefly and had his car impounded following a traffic stop just a few hours before the Chargers' playoff loss to the New York Jets. Jackson was pulled over for playing loud music.[28] He was cited for driving with a suspended license and expired tags.[29]

Jackson was selected to his first Pro Bowl during the 2009 NFL season as an alternate.[30] Jackson had a strong showing in his first Pro Bowl appearance, racking up seven receptions for 122 yards, including a 48-yard catch and run for a touchdown.[31]

On July 1, 2010, it was announced that Jackson had been suspended for three games for violating the league's personal conduct policy.[32][33]

Following a contract dispute, Jackson returned in week 11 of the 2010 NFL season after holding out the first 10 games. In week 15 against the San Francisco 49ers, Jackson had a career-high three touchdowns and 112 yards en route to a 34–7 win.[34] He finished the season with 14 receptions and 248 yards.[35]

2011 season

On February 15, 2011, the Chargers placed their franchise tag on Jackson.[36]

During the labor dispute between league owners and players following the end of the 2010 season, a lockout occurred from March 11 to July 25. Jackson was one of the 10 plaintiffs in the Brady antitrust lawsuit against the NFL,[37] which included star players such as Tom Brady, Peyton Manning, Drew Brees, and fellow 2010 holdout Logan Mankins. Initially, Adam Schefter of ESPN reported that Vincent Jackson wanted compensation in the form of $10 million or to become an unrestricted free agent when the lockout was over.[38] Jackson denied reports that he had asked for compensation, but on July 23 Jackson released his claim in the Brady v. NFL lawsuit. Jackson's decision to drop his alleged request of unrestricted free agency and/or monetary compensation helped expedite the completion of the new labor deal. Jackson's Franchise Tag was held up under the new NFL CBA.[39]

On July 29, 2011, the first day teams were permitted to sign non-rookie free agents, Jackson signed his one-year Franchise offer, thus remaining a Charger.[40] Because of his contract holdout during the 2010 NFL season, Jackson received only $583,000 in compensation for playing in the final six games of the season.[41] For the 2011 season, under the franchise tag, Jackson received approximately $11.4 million, almost 20 times more than in the previous season.[42] In week nine, Jackson played a personal best of 141 yards and 3 touchdowns against the Green Bay Packers. He finished the season with totals of 60 catches for 1,106 yards and nine touchdowns.[43] He was named to the Pro Bowl as an alternate for Wes Welker.[44]

Contract dispute

When the NFL's Collective Bargaining Agreement expired, Jackson became a Restricted Free Agent for an additional year, causing the Chargers to place a one-year, $3.2 million tender on him.[45] Seeking a long-term deal instead, Jackson held out of training camp. On June 15, 2010, the Chargers cut his tender to $583,000 for holding out, 110% of his salary for the 2009 NFL season.[46]

On August 20, 2010, the Chargers placed him on the Roster Exempt List, meaning that he would have to serve a three-game suspension once he had agreed to a contract.[47] The National Football League Players Association arranged a deal in which, if Jackson was traded by the Chargers by 4 PM on September 22, he would have instead been placed on the Commissioner Exempt List, rolling six games of suspensions (three for pleading guilty to drunk driving and three for being placed on the roster exempt list) into four. No deal materialized.[48] The agreement also stipulated that he could be traded two days before the NFL trade deadline, but once again no deal materialized in that time.[49] On October 29, 2010, Jackson ended his hold-out and signed the one-year tender. The deadline to sign and accrue a full season, so that he would be an unrestricted free agent in 2011, was October 30, 2010.[50]

Tampa Bay Buccaneers

2012 season

On March 13, 2012, Jackson signed a five-year, $55.55 million contract with the Tampa Bay Buccaneers.[51] On September 7, 2012, Jackson was elected a team captain.[52] On October 21 against the New Orleans Saints, Jackson set multiple Buccaneer records, with the longest reception and longest play from scrimmage in Tampa Bay history (95 yards) and the most receiving yards in a single game (216 yards).[53] Jackson was selected to his third Pro Bowl to replace the injured Calvin Johnson.[54]

Jackson finished the 2012 season with career-highs in receptions (72) and receiving yards (1,384).[55]

2013 season

On September 5, 2013, Jackson was selected as one of the 2013 team captains.[56] On October 13, 2013, in a game against the Philadelphia Eagles, Jackson caught his first touchdown since December 2012.[57] He finished the day with nine catches for 114 yards and two touchdowns. The next week, against the Atlanta Falcons, Jackson again had multiple touchdowns while eclipsing the 100 yard mark.[58] At the conclusion of a 4–12 season, Jackson proved to be one of the few bright spots on a football team in disarray, compiling 78 catches for 1,224 yards and seven touchdowns.[59]

2014 season

The 2014 season saw declines in Jackson's catches and yards due to the emergence of rookie wide receiver Mike Evans. Jackson also was the center of trade rumors before the trade deadline but was ultimately not traded.[60] He finished the 2014 season with over 1,000 yards for the sixth time in his career. He and fellow receiver Mike Evans became the first Buccaneer duo to ever catch for over 1,000 yards. In week 12, Jackson surpassed 8,000 career receiving yards in a game against the Chicago Bears.[61]

2015 season

With the arrival of rookie quarterback Jameis Winston and new offensive coordinator Dirk Koetter, Jackson's numbers saw further decline during the 2015 season, during which injuries and inconsistent play resulted in Jackson's fewest catches (33), yards (543), and touchdowns (3) since coming to Tampa.[62] On December 30, 2015, Jackson was placed on injured reserve, ending his season.[63]

2016 season

On October 18, 2016, Jackson was placed on injured reserve after suffering a knee injury in Week 5 in a win against the Carolina Panthers.[64]

Retirement

Jackson announced his retirement on May 17, 2018.[65]

NFL career statistics

YearTeamGamesReceivingRushing Fumbles
GPGSRecYdsAvgLngTDAttYdsAvgLngTDFumLost
2005SD 8035919.7210—————00
2006SD 1672745316.85563165.38000
2007SD 16164162315.2453—————00
2008SD 1616591,09818.660746917.331011
2009SD 1515681,16717.25593113.712000
2010SD 551424817.758311414.014000
2011SD 1616601,10618.458935117.041000
2012TB 1616721,38419.2958—————00
2013TB 1616781,22415.7607100.00010
2014TB 1616701,00214.3502100.00011
2015TB 1093354316.5363—————00
2016TB 551517311.5180—————00
Total1551375409,08016.895571516110.741032
Source: Pro Football Reference

Buccaneers franchise records

Jackson set Buccaneers records for receiving yards in a single game (216) and the longest single reception (95 yards) during Tampa Bay's October 21, 2012, game against the New Orleans Saints.[66]

Personal life

Jackson, in 2013 during a visit at Camp Leatherneck in Afghanistan

Both of Jackson's parents served in the United States Armed Forces.[67] He sponsored military families at every Buccaneers home game through the 'Jackson in Action' Front Row Fans section at Raymond James Stadium.

In November 2012, Jackson spoke to students at Northwest Elementary about the importance of physical fitness, helped present a $10,000 Play 60 grant, and led students through a physical education class to congratulate the winners of the Play 60 Super School contest.[9]

In 2016, Jackson graduated from the University of South Florida with a degree in Business Management.[68]

Death

On February 15, 2021, Jackson was found dead by a housekeeper in a room at Homewood Suites near Brandon, Florida. There were no apparent signs of trauma.[69] On February 17, the sheriff of Hillsborough County announced that Jackson's family said he may have suffered from chronic alcoholism, which contributed to his death. He also stated that they believed he suffered from the brain disease chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), which can only be confirmed after death from a biopsy of the brain.[70] The family responded that the sheriff did not speak on their behalf.[71] They donated Jackson's brain to the Boston University CTE Center.[72] His body was cremated after his family held a private funeral service.

Jackson's family confirmed on December 16, 2021, that researchers had discovered Stage 2 CTE in his brain.[73] He is one of at least 345 NFL players to be diagnosed after death with this disease.[74] On December 22, the Hillsborough County Florida Medical Examiner concluded that official cause of Jackson's death was chronic alcohol use.[75]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Dater, Adrian (April 23, 2005). "Jackson charges into NFL". The Denver Post. Retrieved April 23, 2005.
  2. ↑ "Chargers WR Pleads Not Guilty To DUI Charges". KGTV. Archived from the original on August 7, 2017. Retrieved March 2, 2021.
  3. ↑ "Profile". rostermon.com.
  4. ↑ "Former NFL receiver and Widefield High School alum Vincent Jackson found dead". Kktv.com. Retrieved February 16, 2021.
  5. 1 2 3 4 "Former Widefield High, UNC standout Vincent Jackson found dead in Florida hotel room". KMGH. February 15, 2021. Retrieved February 16, 2021.
  6. ↑ Acee, Kevin (August 19, 2011). "Jackson looks forward to future with Bolts". The Baltimore Sun. Retrieved August 19, 2011.
  7. 1 2 "Northern Colorado Record Book" (PDF). Northern Colorado Bears Athletics. December 2014. Retrieved September 4, 2015.
  8. ↑ "Vincent Jackson, former Chargers and Buccaneers wide receiver, found dead at 38". CBSSports.com. Retrieved February 16, 2021.
  9. 1 2 "Tampa Bay Buccaneers: Vincent Jackson". Buccaneers.com. Retrieved May 10, 2023.
  10. ↑ "Northern Colorado Mourns Loss of Vincent Jackson". uncbears.com. Retrieved February 19, 2021.
  11. ↑ "2005 NFL Draft Listing". Pro-Football-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2023.
  12. 1 2 "Vincent Jackson, DS #14 WR, Northern Colorado". NFLDraftScout.com. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016.
  13. ↑ Brandt, Gil (April 19, 2005). "Gil Brandt's NFL Draft Analysis By Position: Wide Receivers". Packers.com. Archived from the original on September 29, 2007.
  14. ↑ "Vincent Jackson, Combine Results, WR - Northern Colorado". nflcombineresults.com. Retrieved January 1, 2023.
  15. 1 2 "Vincent Jackson 2005 Game Log". Pro-Football-Reference.com. Retrieved February 16, 2021.
  16. 1 2 "Vincent Jackson 2006 Game Log". Pro-Football-Reference.com. Retrieved February 16, 2021.
  17. ↑ Johns, Greg (December 27, 2006). "Seahawks' current fortunes a far cry from years past". Longview Daily News. Retrieved February 16, 2021.
  18. ↑ Barber, Phil (November 27, 2006). "Fumble-turned-pass leaves Raiders fuming about loss in San Diego". Santa Rosa Press Democrat. Retrieved February 16, 2021.
  19. ↑ "Keenan McCardell Stats, Profile, Bio, Analysis and More | | The Sports Forecaster". sportsforecaster.com. Retrieved February 16, 2021.
  20. ↑ Kimbarow, Morgan. "Eric Parker: Remebering a Forgotten Charger". Bleacher Report. Retrieved February 16, 2021.
  21. ↑ "Vincent Jackson 2007 Game Log". Pro-Football-Reference.com. Retrieved February 16, 2021.
  22. ↑ "Vincent Jackson 2008 Game Log". Pro-Football-Reference.com. Retrieved February 16, 2021.
  23. ↑ Stone, Ken (February 15, 2021). "Vincent Jackson Found Dead in Florida Hotel; Former San Diego Chargers Star". Times of San Diego. Retrieved February 16, 2021.
  24. ↑ "Vincent Jackson 2009 Game Log". Pro-Football-Reference.com. Retrieved February 16, 2021.
  25. ↑ "Vincent Jackson Flagged for Kicking Challenge Flag". January 17, 2010. Retrieved January 17, 2010.
  26. ↑ "Jets score two TDs in fourth quarter to advance to AFC title game". ESPN.com. January 17, 2010. Retrieved February 16, 2021.
  27. ↑ "Chargers' Jackson suspended three games by NFL for conduct". NFL.com. Retrieved February 16, 2021.
  28. ↑ "Chargers' Jackson cited for suspended license". ESPN.com. January 19, 2010. Retrieved February 16, 2021.
  29. ↑ Associated Press (January 6, 2009). "Jackson arrested on DUI charge". ESPN. Retrieved March 2, 2010.
  30. ↑ "Pats could be after WR Vincent Jackson". 4for4.com. Retrieved February 16, 2021.
  31. ↑ Acee, Kevin (February 1, 2010). "Chargers WR Jackson shines in first Pro Bowl". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved February 2, 2010.
  32. ↑ "Deadline for Chargers, Vincent Jackson draws near". Sporting News. September 22, 2010. Retrieved September 23, 2010.
  33. ↑ "Chargers' Jackson suspended three games by NFL for conduct". NFL. July 1, 2010. Retrieved July 2, 2010.
  34. ↑ "Chargers beat 49ers to stay alive in AFC West". ESPN.com. December 17, 2010. Retrieved February 16, 2021.
  35. ↑ "Fantasy Clicks: Niners stumbling, sneaky benchwarmers, more". CNN. December 17, 2010.
  36. ↑ Associated Press (February 15, 2011). "Chargers tag WR Vincent Jackson". ESPN. Retrieved February 15, 2011.
  37. ↑ "Former NFL receiver Vincent Jackson found dead in hotel room". yahoo.com. Retrieved February 16, 2021.
  38. ↑ Philipse, Sander (January 29, 2016). "VJax will return in 2016". Bucs Nation. Retrieved February 16, 2021.
  39. ↑ "Vincent Jackson - Tampa Bay Buccaneers - 2013 Player Profile - Rotoworld.com". Retrieved July 23, 2010.
  40. ↑ "Chargers bring back own free agents". San Diego Chargers. Archived from the original on August 5, 2011. Retrieved July 29, 2011.
  41. ↑ ESPN.com news services (July 26, 2011). "Vincent Jackson to sign tender". ESPN. Retrieved July 29, 2011.
  42. ↑ "Vincent Jackson to Sign Franchise Tag on Friday, Report to Team". Bolts From The Blue. July 26, 2011. Retrieved July 29, 2011.
  43. ↑ "Vincent Jackson 2011 Game Log". Pro-Football-Reference.com. Retrieved February 16, 2021.
  44. ↑ Williamson, Bill (January 23, 2011). "Two Chargers added to Pro Bowl team". ESPN.com. Archived from the original on January 26, 2012.
  45. ↑ "Bucs sign WR Jackson to five-year, $55M deal". ESPN.com. March 13, 2012. Retrieved February 16, 2021.
  46. ↑ Acee, Kevin (June 15, 2010). "Jackson McNeill Leave Deals on Table". The San Diego Union-Tribune. Retrieved June 15, 2020.
  47. ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on August 24, 2010. Retrieved October 31, 2010.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  48. ↑ "Vincent Jackson trade hits dead end". CBS News. September 22, 2010. Retrieved September 23, 2010.
  49. ↑ Williamson, Bill (October 19, 2010). "No Vincent Jackson Trade". ESPN. Retrieved October 19, 2010.
  50. ↑ "Jackson reports to Chargers, signs tender". KFMB-TV. October 29, 2010. Retrieved October 30, 2010.
  51. ↑ "Bucs make huge splash in free agency". RSN. Retrieved February 16, 2021.
  52. ↑ "Freeman, Jackson, McCoy Among Bucs' 2012 Team Captains". Tampa Bay Buccaneers. September 7, 2012. Retrieved September 7, 2012.
  53. ↑ "VJ gone; Hardwick gets 3-year deal from Bolts". NFL. March 13, 2012. Retrieved March 14, 2012.
  54. ↑ "Vincent Jackson added to Pro Bowl". ESPN.com. ESPN. Retrieved January 15, 2013.
  55. ↑ "Vincent Jackson 2012 Game Log". Pro-Football-Reference.com. Retrieved February 16, 2021.
  56. ↑ Philipse, Sander (September 5, 2013). "Buccaneers name captains, Josh Freeman misses out". Bucs Nation. Retrieved September 6, 2013.
  57. ↑ "Philadelphia Eagles at Tampa Bay Buccaneers 2013 REG 6 – Game Center". NFL.com. Retrieved February 16, 2021.
  58. ↑ Rotoworld.com. "Vincent Jackson – Tampa Bay Buccaneers – 2013 Player Profile". Retrieved October 13, 2013.
  59. ↑ "Vincent Jackson 2013 Game Log". Pro-Football-Reference.com. Retrieved February 16, 2021.
  60. ↑ "Smith On Jackson Trade Rumor: "We Like Our Football Team We Have Now"". Pewter Report. October 20, 2014. Retrieved February 16, 2021.
  61. ↑ "Matt Forte scores 2 TDs as Bears spoil Lovie Smith's return to Chicago". ESPN.com. Retrieved February 16, 2021.
  62. ↑ "Vincent Jackson 2015 Game Log". Pro-Football-Reference.com. Retrieved February 16, 2021.
  63. ↑ Smith, Scott (December 30, 2015). "Vincent Jackson, Major Wright Head to IR". Tampa Bay Buccaneers. Retrieved December 30, 2015.
  64. ↑ Smith, Scott (October 18, 2016). "Vincent Jackson Forced to I.R." Buccaneers.com. Archived from the original on January 16, 2017.
  65. ↑ Fowler, Jeremy (May 18, 2018). "Three-time Pro Bowl WR Vincent Jackson retires". ESPN.com.
  66. ↑ "HCSO: Former Tampa Bay Bucs player Vincent Jackson found deceased in Brandon hotel room". mysuncoast.com. Retrieved February 16, 2021.
  67. ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on October 9, 2013. Retrieved October 14, 2013.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  68. ↑ Morelli, Keith (September 6, 2018). "FALL CONVERSATION WITH A CEO GUEST: VINCENT JACKSON, PRO FOOTBALL PLAYER/ENTREPRENEUR". University of South Florida. Retrieved September 6, 2018.
  69. ↑ WFLA 8 On Your Side Staff (February 15, 2021). "Former Bucs WR Vincent Jackson found dead in Brandon hotel room". WFLA-TV. Retrieved February 15, 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  70. ↑ "Autopsy report: Vincent Jackson suffered from chronic alcoholism". NBCSports.com.
  71. ↑ Laine, Jenna (February 18, 2021). "Sheriff: Vincent Jackson may have suffered from alcoholism, concussions; family says sheriff doesn't speak for them". Espn.com. Retrieved February 19, 2021.
  72. ↑ Laine, Jenna (February 18, 2021). "Vincent Jackson's brain donated to Boston University's CTE Center; new details in death emerge". ESPN.com. Retrieved February 19, 2021.
  73. ↑ "Family of former Bucs WR Vincent Jackson says brain researchers diagnosed him with stage 2 CTE". The Athletic. Retrieved December 16, 2021.
  74. ↑ "Researchers Find CTE in 345 of 376 Former NFL Players Studied". Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine. Retrieved March 26, 2023.
  75. ↑ "Vincent Jackson died from chronic alcohol use, medical examiner says". ESPN. Retrieved December 22, 2021.
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