Virginia Monument
39°48.848′N 77°15.019′W / 39.814133°N 77.250317°W / 39.814133; -77.250317
LocationEast of Spangler Woods, Gettysburg National Military Park
DesignerFrederick William Sievers
TypeStatue
MaterialBronze and granite
Beginning date1913 (1913)
Opening date1917 June 8

The Virginia Monument,[1] also commonly referred to as "The State of Virginia Monument", is a Battle of Gettysburg memorial to the commonwealth's "Sons at Gettysburg" with a bronze statue of Robert E. Lee on his horse Traveller and a "bronze group of figures representing the Artillery, Infantry, and Cavalry of the Confederate Army".[2]: 17  The equestrian statue is atop a granite pedestal and the group of six standing figures is on a sculpted bronze base with the figures facing the Field of Pickett's Charge and the equestrian statue of Union General George G. Meade on Cemetery Ridge.[1] The granite pedestal without either sculpture was dedicated on June 30, 1913 for the 1913 Gettysburg reunion.[3] On June 8, 1917, Virginia governor Henry C. Stuart presented the completed memorial to the public.

Description and location

The Virginia Monument is located on West Confederate Avenue on the Southwest side of Gettysburg National Park. The monument consists of three different parts: a bronze General Robert E. Lee perched on his horse, Traveller; a granite pedestal with inscriptions; and a bronze group of Confederate soldiers at the base of the monument. The monument in its entirety stands at 41 feet tall, the section of Robert E. Lee and the horse standing at 14 feet tall and the granite pedestal standing at 16 feet tall.[4] Below Lee, who is shown looking toward the distant Union lines, are seven Confederate soldiers. The men are meant to represent individuals who left various occupations to join the Confederate army: "a professional man, a mechanic, an artist, a boy, a business man, a farmer, and a youth."[5] According to a description published at the time that sculpture was completed, "the shattered cannon, broken wheel, discarded knapsack, swab and exploded shells which are scattered at the feet of the seven men would indicate that the place had been the scene of some desperate engagement, while the attitude of each of the character shows defensive, rather than offensive action."[4]

Seven men at the base of the monument that represent the individuals in the Confederate army.

Gettysburg National Military Park is a 3,500 acre historic park that is administered by the National Park Service to commemorate the battle of Gettysburg. The site also contains the Gettysburg National Cemetery.[6]

The National Park Service states that "the Virginia Monument was the first Southern state monument placed on the Gettysburg battlefield. Dedicated in 1917, it is located near the spot where Robert E. Lee watched the repulse of Pickett's Charge on July 3, 1863."[7]

Approval process

The Gettysburg National Park Commission (GNPC) was entrusted with the erection of a monument for the troops of Virginia that participated in the Battle of Gettysburg. The Commission instructed Thomas Smith, Secretary of Virginia Gettysburg Commission (VGC), to report to Henry L. Stimson, Secretary of War, that the location site of the Memorial would be in the Confederate line of battle known as "Spangler Woods"

In an extensive correspondence between Thomas Smith and John P. Nicolson, the Chairman of GNPC, the memorial's form and inscription were debated. Smith proposed that the inscription should state "VIRGINIA TO HER SOLDIERS AT GETTYSBURG. THEY FOUGHT FOR THE FAITH OF THEIR FATHERS."[8] After multiple meetings with the entirety of the GNPC, Smith and Nicolson agreed to change the inscription to "VIRGINIA TO HER SONS AT GETTYSBURG" and to substitute the Virginia State flag in place of the Confederate flag.[9][10]

The Memorial was commissioned on March 9, 1908 and cost $50,000 at the time (in 2023 equating to about $850,000). The monument, with the exception of the sculptures of Robert E. Lee and the seven Confederate soldiers, was fully installed in 1913, and was dedicated at the 50th anniversary of the Gettysburg battle (1913).[11] The statue was completed with the two sculptures in 1917, and was unveiled by Miss Virginia Carter, General E. Lee's niece, in tandem with Henry C. Stuart, the governor of Virginia at a ceremony hosted by the Gettysburg National Military Park.[12]

General Robert E. Lee and his horse Traveller at the top of the Virginia Monument.

Frederick William Sievers

The contract for the design of the Virginia Memorial was awarded to Frederick William Sievers. Sievers was not known for equestrian statues, yet his design was exhibited in Richmond, Virginia and thoroughly impressed John P. Nicolson, Chairman of the GNPC.

Sievers sought to produce a work that memorialized all of those who dedicated their lives to the Confederate army. Sievers found that the majority of Civil War monuments did not accurately reflect the range of soldiers who served. Sievers aimed to shift the focus from military generals and lieutenants to lower ranking soldiers.[13]

Sievers produced many Civil War monuments for prominent locations after the success of the Virginia Monument.

Preservation

In September 2022, the National Park Service worked to preserve the Virginia Memorial. The preservation project included the replacement of an old patina with a newer patina that resembled a close relation to the finish of the original construction of the Memorial.

See also

References

  1. 1 2 "Virginia Monument". List of Classified Structures, p. 13. National Park Service. Retrieved 2011-06-04. Equestrian statue of Gen Lee, 14' high, atop pedistal 13'7"x10'x14'. Grouping of 6 standing & 1 horseback figure, 8' high, on sculpted base, overall 18'x5'x16'. Overall Mn 41' high. Base inscribed in cut letters " Virginia to her Sons at Gettysburg." ... Monument is a bronze equestrian statue of General Robert E. Lee that is fourteen foot high atop a granite pedestal that is 13.7x10 foot and 14 feet high. There is a bronze group of six standing figures that are eight foot high and a mounted standard bearer on a sculptured bronze base that is 18x5 foot. The monument is inscribed "Virginia to her Sons at Gettysburg". Overall the monument is 41 feet high. Designed and sculptured by F. William Sievers. Associated with Monument are two War Dept Signs. The monument is located on the east side of West Confederate Avenue, near Spangler Woods. {{cite web}}: External link in |work= (help)
  2. ↑ Gettysburg National Military Park Commission. "An Introduction to the Annual Reports of the Gettysburg National Military Park Commission to the Secretary of War". The Gettysburg Commission Reports. Gettysburg, PA: War Department.
  3. ↑ "Pathetic Night Scene in Veterans' Great Reunion" (Google News Archive). The Pittsburgh Press. July 1, 1913. Retrieved 2011-02-28. Yesterday afternoon … the dedication of the Lee uncompleted monument took place.
  4. 1 2 "The Virginia Monument: One of the Southern Memorials at Gettysburg Executed by William Sievers". Arts & Decoration (1910-1918). 4 (2): 65. 1913. ISSN 2472-6060. JSTOR 43807239.
  5. ↑ "The State of Virginia Monument at Gettysburg, with photos and map". The Battle of Gettysburg. Retrieved 2023-04-06.
  6. ↑ Gettysburg National Military Park Commission. "An Introduction to the Annual Reports of the Gettysburg National Military Park Commission to the Secretary of War". The Gettysburg Commission Reports. Gettysburg, PA: War Department.
  7. ↑ Gettysburg, Mailing Address: 1195 Baltimore Pike; Us, PA 17325 Contact. "Virginia Monument - Gettysburg National Military Park (U.S. National Park Service)". www.nps.gov. Retrieved 2023-03-22.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  8. ↑ "Gallery Item Display". www.nps.gov. Retrieved 2023-03-22.
  9. ↑ "Gallery Item Display". www.nps.gov. Retrieved 2023-03-22.
  10. ↑ "Gallery Item Display". www.nps.gov. Retrieved 2023-03-22.
  11. ↑ "Virginia Monument". List of Classified Structures, p. 13. National Park Service. Retrieved 2011-06-04. Equestrian statue of Gen Lee, 14' high, atop pedistal 13'7"x10'x14'. Grouping of 6 standing & 1 horseback figure, 8' high, on sculpted base, overall 18'x5'x16'. Overall Mn 41' high. Base inscribed in cut letters " Virginia to her Sons at Gettysburg." ... Monument is a bronze equestrian statue of General Robert E. Lee that is fourteen foot high atop a granite pedestal that is 13.7x10 foot and 14 feet high. There is a bronze group of six standing figures that are eight foot high and a mounted standard bearer on a sculptured bronze base that is 18x5 foot. The monument is inscribed "Virginia to her Sons at Gettysburg". Overall the monument is 41 feet high. Designed and sculptured by F. William Sievers. Associated with Monument are two War Dept Signs. The monument is located on the east side of West Confederate Avenue, near Spangler Woods. {{cite web}}: External link in |work= (help)
  12. ↑ Gettysburg, Mailing Address: 1195 Baltimore Pike; Us, PA 17325 Contact. "Virginia Monument - Gettysburg National Military Park (U.S. National Park Service)". www.nps.gov. Retrieved 2023-03-22.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  13. ↑ "The Virginia Monument: One of the Southern Memorials at Gettysburg Executed by William Sievers". Arts & Decoration (1910-1918). 4 (2): 65. 1913. ISSN 2472-6060. JSTOR 43807239.
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