Dr. William Wood
Born(1822-07-07)July 7, 1822
Waterbury, Connecticut, US
DiedSeptember 9, 1885(1885-09-09) (aged 63)
South Windsor, Connecticut, US
Alma materUniversity Medical College of New York
OccupationPhysician
Known forScientific and popular writings in ornithology; accumulating one of the largest private bird specimen collections in the United States

William Wood (July 7, 1822 – August 9, 1885) was an American physician and naturalist, best remembered as an expert on the avifauna of Connecticut.

Education and career

Wood was born in Waterbury, Connecticut on July 7, 1822, to Rev. Luke Wood (1777–1851) and Anna (Pease) Wood (1780–1859).[1][2] He was one of eleven children.[3][2]

Wood completed his early education in Old Killingsworth (today Clinton), Connecticut.[1] He was accepted at Yale University but disqualified from enrolling on account of poor eyesight.[1] At age 17, Wood became a teacher at the East Windsor Hill Academy, a preparatory school in the East Windsor Hill neighborhood of South Windsor, Connecticut.[4] In the following years, Wood took courses at the Berkshire Medical College and graduated from the University Medical College of New York in 1847.[1][5]

After medical school, Wood moved back to East Windsor Hill, where he lived for the remainder of his life. Wood was a practicing physician in the Windsor area for almost four decades[2] and medical examiner for South Windsor.[6][7] He founded the Hartford County North Medical Association, was secretary of the Hartford Medical Society, and was a member of the Connecticut Medical Society and the American Medical Association.[1][5][2][8] Wood published on medical treatments.[9]

Natural history

Wood was an active field ornithologist and a "leading authority" on New England birds.[1][5] He published in the American Naturalist, Ornithologist and Oologist, Bulletin of the Nuttall Ornithological Club, Familiar Science and Fancier's Journal, and wrote a series of 21 popular articles about New England birds for the Hartford Times in 1861, as well additional articles in later years.[10][11][12][13] Wood specialized in raptor research and made numerous contributions in this area, including more accurately describing the ranges and clutch sizes of several species.

Wood acquired a significant collection of bird specimens and eggs from the United States and abroad,[14][13][15][1] including specimens of several state-first birds for Connecticut.[16][17]

In addition, Wood wrote about the fish of New England and was an active botanist, sending specimens to several research institutions.[1][18]

Wood was a member of the Nuttall Ornithological Club, the Lyceum of Natural History at Williams College, and the Essex Institute.[5] Wood's correspondents included George A. Boardman and Spencer F. Baird, to whom Wood gave two Peregrine Falcons in 1862.[19]

Other activities

Wood had an interest in archaeology, collecting Native American artifacts in South Windsor.[2] He also wrote a history of steam navigation, emphasizing the contributions of John Fitch of South Windsor.[20] Wood originally published his history in the Hartford Times and Locomotive in 1881.[21] In 1887, the Connecticut General Assembly ordered that it be preserved in the State Archives (under "A Resolution providing for a Tablet to the Memory of John Fitch of Windsor").[20] Wood was a member of the First Congregational Church.[2]

Family

Wood married Mary Lyman Ellsworth on November 9, 1848.[22][23] They had two children, Elizabeth Ellsworth (Wood) Sperry and William Russell Wood.

Death and legacy

Wood passed away in East Windsor Hill on August 9, 1885, after an illness lasting three days.[11][1]

The Hartford Scientific Society acquired Wood's specimen collection in 1896 and deposited it in the Wadsworth Antheneum, where John Hall Sage curated it.[24][25][26][1][27][28] Wood's specimens moved to Trinity College on loan from the Wadsworth in 1946.[29] The University of Connecticut now holds Wood's collection.

Merriam referenced Wood's correspondence and specimens extensively in A Review of the Birds of Connecticut (1877).[16] Later reviews of New England birds also draw on Wood's records.[30][31][32][33]

The Smithsonian holds Wood's collection of Native American artifacts.[2][34]

The Wood Memorial Library, South Windsor's public library from 1927 to 1968, was dedicated to Dr. William Wood and Mary Ellsworth Wood.[35] It is now an independent research library and museum, which includes natural history collections in Dr. Wood's honor.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Boardman, Samuel Lane (1903). The naturalist of the Saint Croix. Memoir of George A. Boardman. Bangor: Priv. print. pp. 212–248. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.23315.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Burpee, Charles Winslow (1939). Burpee's The Story of Connecticut. New York: American Historical Co. pp. 293–294.
  3. ↑ "Obituaries: Luke E. Wood [obituary of William's brother describing his family]". Hartford Weekly Times. November 13, 1890. p. 9.
  4. ↑ Klein, Jean H. (1999). A Century of Birding in the South Windsor Meadows. Self-published.
  5. 1 2 3 4 "Obituary: Dr. William Wood". New York Times. August 11, 1885. p. 5.
  6. ↑ "Medical Examiners in Connecticut". New York Medical Journal: 15. July 7, 1888.
  7. ↑ "A doctor de jure". British Medical Journal: 994–995. December 17, 1881.
  8. ↑ "Ordinary Members". Proceedings of the Connecticut Medical Society. 3 (1): 170. 1884.
  9. ↑ "Anasarca". The Philadelphia Medical and Surgical Journal. February 15, 1854.
  10. ↑ Burchsted, Fred. "Research Guides: New England Naturalists: A Bio-Bibliography: Wi-Z". guides.library.harvard.edu. Retrieved 2023-11-19.
  11. 1 2 "Notes and News [in memoriam for Wood]". Auk. 2 (4): 391. 1885.
  12. ↑ "Wood, William, Dr., 1822-1885 | Wood Memorial Library". woodmemorial.pastperfectonline.com. Retrieved 2023-11-19.
  13. 1 2 "Dr. Wood's Birds – He Adds Two Rare Specimens to His Collection". The New York Times. 1879-11-20. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2023-11-19.
  14. ↑ "Obituary: Dr. Wm. Wood, East Windsor Hill., Conn". Ornithologist and Oologist. 10 (9): 136.
  15. ↑ "Obituary". The Press [Stafford Springs, Connecticut]. August 13, 1885. p. 2.
  16. 1 2 Merriam, C. Hart (1877). A review of the birds of Connecticut. New Haven: Tuttle, Morehouse & Taylor, Printers. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.5985.
  17. ↑ "First Historical Report". Connecticut Ornithological Association | COA. Retrieved 2023-11-19.
  18. ↑ Wood, William (1869). "The Compressed Burbot or Eel-pout". American Naturalist. 3 (1): 17–21.
  19. ↑ Wood, William (1878). "The Birds of Connecticut. No. 7". Familiar Science and Fancier's Journal. 5 (8): 152–155.
  20. 1 2 "Robert Fulton or John Fitch?". The Locomotive. October 1909.
  21. ↑ Wood, William (June 1881). "Who First Successfully Applied Steam for Propelling Vessels". Locomotive. 4: 104–110.
  22. ↑ Trumbull, J. Hammond (1886). The memorial history of Hartford County, Connecticut, 1633-1884. Boston: Edward L. Osgood. pp. 127–128.
  23. ↑ Stiles, Henry Reed (1892). The History and Genealogies of Ancient Windsor, Connecticut, Volume 2. Hartford: Press of the Case, Lockwood & Brainard Company. p. 222.
  24. ↑ Rand, McNally & Co.'s Handy Guide to the New England States. Rand, McNally & Co. 1897. p. 60.
  25. ↑ "Antheneum Gets Wood Collection". Hartford Courant. January 16, 1908. p. 7.
  26. ↑ "Facts of Interest: Annual Meeting of the Connecticut Historical Society". Meriden Daily Republican. May 26, 1897. p. 2.
  27. ↑ "Notes and News". Auk. 14: 115. 1897.
  28. ↑ "Sage 's List of Portland, Conn., Birds" (PDF). Auk. 15: 284. 1898.
  29. ↑ "Collections of Birds Go to Trinity". Hartford Courant. November 28, 1946. p. 25.
  30. ↑ Stearns, Winfrid Alden; Coues, Elliott (1881). New England bird life: being a manual of New England ornithology. Boston: Lee and Shepard. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.14180.
  31. ↑ Morris, Robert O. (1901). The birds of Springfield and vicinity. Springfield, MA: H.R. Johnson.
  32. ↑ Sage, John Hall; Bishop, Louis Bennett; Bliss, Walter Parks (1913). The birds of Connecticut. Hartford, Conn.: State Geological and Natural History Survey. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.57831.
  33. ↑ Aaron Clark Bagg, Samuel Atkins Eliot and (1937). Birds of the Connecticut Valley in Massachusetts. Hampshire Bookshop.
  34. ↑ Institution, Smithsonian. "Search". Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved 2023-11-19.
  35. ↑ "History – Friends of Wood Memorial Library and Museum". Retrieved 2023-11-19.
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