Elizabeth Murray (1815 – 8 December 1882), born Elizabeth Heaphy, was a British watercolourist. She primarily painted portraits and landscapes of the Canary Islands, where she lived for ten years. She was a member of the Royal Institute of Painters in Water Colours, and was one of the founders of The Society of Female Artists in London in 1857.

Murray's father was Thomas Heaphy, also a watercolour painter. She first learned to paint from him, and they travelled and painted together. She continued to travel and live across the world, and paint scenes and portraits from these places: in particular, Rome, Morocco, the Canary Islands (particularly Tenerife), and New England. She married Henry John Murray, a British consul whom she met when living in Morocco, and moved with him as he was assigned to the Canary Islands.

José Luis García Pérez has pointed out that it is difficult to know the exact dates Murray's paintings were created, and that because of her travels it is likely she sketched the initial drawings and then took more time to finish them.[1] Many of the dates of her paintings refer to the year they were exhibited—when she arrived in a new place she tended to exhibit work from where she had previously been, so when she arrived in the Canary Islands she exhibited work with Greek and Moroccan themes, and when she arrived in Portland she exhibited her work related to Spain.

Murray created around 85 pieces that can be divided into three groups: portraits, which were the highlights of her artwork; general scenes; and landscapes.[1]

Murray also published a monograph, Sixteen Years of an Artist's Life in Morocco, Spain, and the Canary Islands about her travels, in 1859. In 1865 she published The Modern System of Painting in Watercolour from the Living Model, a more technical explanation of watercolour painting.

Selected paintings

Pifferari playing to the Virgin-Scene in Rome

Black and white watercolour painting Pifferari playing to the Virgin-Scene in Rome

This painting depicts two fife players, an adult and child, and a mother with her son. The musicians are pifferari, peasants from Campania who play their instruments at Christmas in front of Marian images.[2] The mother looks at her son with her right arm raised to point to the Virgin Mary and Baby Jesus, and with her left arm around the naked back of the child, who is kneeling before the image. Both groups are facing each other, with the musicians on the left and the family on the right. It is a simple layout with a predominance of vertical lines, closed at the top with a semicircle and at the bottom with a horizontal line.[3]

It is an Italian scene, given the presence of the pifferari and the use of "Rome" in the title of the work. It emphasises the nature of Rome as the hub of Catholicism, which is why the Christogram I.H.S. is drawn on the back wall.

The work is undated, but it was reproduced in an edition of The Illustrated London News published on 26 March 1859.[4]

The best in the market

This work depicts a market scene, possibly in Rome. In the centre of the painting is a table with several fruits placed on top of a newspaper. Three characters are in the painting: a man sitting on the right edge of the table, a saleswoman in the centre, and a child with his back to the left; the man and boy are wearing hats, and the woman is wearing a headscarf.[5]

The painting is composed of a vertical axis in the centre, in this case created by the woman; on both sides, following the typical parallelism in Murray's works, are the man and child. The frame is closed at the top by a semicircular arch. This style is very similar to that of her father's, especially in regards to the setting.[5]

This painting was reproduced in the same issue of The Illustrated London News that reproduced Pifferari playing to the Virgin-Scene in Rome, published on 26 March 1859.[4]

Beggars at the church door at Rome

Black and white watercolour Beggars at the church door at Rome

Beggars at the church door at Rome depicts a varied group of beggars. In the background is the front door to a church, which features a prominent I.H.S. monogram in the centre and an edict on the right side. The main character in the scene is a tall man with curly black hair and expressive eyes[1] who is extending his arm with a hat, to symbolise that he is asking for alms. To his left is a family, made up of a woman who is hugging a half-naked child wrapped in a cloak, and a barefoot girl also with a cloak who is sitting at the woman's feet. To the beggar's right is another group of people who are very different from the family: an old woman holding a rosary and looking compassionately at a half-naked man, and behind her a heavily-adorned Romani girl, whose depiction shows the Victorian delicacy with which Murray painted small details.

The watercolour demonstrate's Murrays admiration of Murillo, whose influence is visible in how Murray painted the injured young man using foreshortening, showing his back and hiding his face. The old woman's headdress is also reminiscent of Murillo's Dolarosa paintings.[5]

Beggars at the church door at Rome is also composed around a vertical axis, in this case the man who is asking for alms; however, there is also a diagonal axis created by the Romani girl and the mother with her son. Another diagonal line is created by the young beggar on the ground, whose cane is parallel to one of his legs.[1] This work is different from Murray's usual works because, although Murray was careful with the painting's composition, it was a collective portrait.[5]

The watercolour was translated into a wood-engraving by William Luson Thomas which appeared in the Illustrated London News, in an issue published on 9 April 1859.[6]

Church patronage

Church patronage

Church patronage depicts a group of three people: two women on the sides, one selling tickets for a bullfight and the other selling Christian relics, and in the centre a fat priest reading a book and ignoring the women. The girl selling tickets is holding a poster announcing the bullfight, which is equivalent to the edicts that Murray included in the Italian scenes she painted.[5]

The composition of this painting is similar to her other works: the priest makes up a central vertical axis, and both women are parallel to it. The colour of the painting is soft in tone, although but this highlights the intensity of the chestnut in the ticket seller's dress and the blue and pink flowers in her hair.[5]

Bust of Spanish lady in mantilla

In this painting, Murray paints the left profile of a slightly smiling woman looking to the right. She is wearing a black mantilla and holding an open fan in her left hand; there is a red carnation in her hair and her lips are painted the same colour.[1]

The colours in the painting are yellows, reds, ochre, and chestnut. The painting has some similarities to the one she would later make of Solita Diston during her stay in Tenerife. It is also one of the last paintings she signed with her maiden name, Elizabeth Heaphy.[1]

Marruecos

Marruecos (English: Morocco) is one of the few landscapes Murray painted. It is also the painting she used as a cover for the first volume of Sixteen Years of an Artist's Life in Morocco, Spain, and the Canary Islands.

It depicts a Moroccan landscape, with the horizon delimited by a row of buildings. It consists mainly of horizontal lines, only breaking with the vertical lines of palm trees on the hill. The painting uses chestnut, green, red, yellow, and ochre colours.[1]

Odalisca

Odalisca (English: Odalisque) is a gouache painting of a Moorish girl wearing a traditional dress in front of a brown background. It's painted with soft purple and blue tones. Murray carefully paints the details of her subject, especially her jewellery and clothing. The painting is clearly influenced by Women of Algiers in their Apartment, an 1834 oil painting by French painter Eugène Delacroix.[1]

Murray painted Odalisca during her stay in Morocco, and it is one her first works with Orientalist themes. It can be dated to around 1850, and it was exhibited at the Academia de Bellas Artes de Santa Cruz de Tenerife in 1851. The painting went on to be exhibited at the Museo Municipal de Bellas Artes de Santa Cruz de Tenerife in 1962 and at the Casino de Tenerife in 1977.[1]

Vista de la Orotava y del Pico Teide

Vista de la Orotava y del Pico Teide

Vista de la Orotava y del Pico Teide (English: View of La Orotava and Teide Peak) is a landscape of the valley of La Orotava and of Teide, the peak that is visible in the background. It features a diagonal composition. The landscape mostly consists of the valley, although in the foreground there is a group of Canarians dressed in traditional clothing and accompanied by grazing animals and cargo. The colours of the painting are predominantly green, brown, and red.[1]

The landscape is known primarily because of the engraving created by T. Picken for the second volume of Sixteen Years of an Artist's Life in Morocco, Spain, and the Canary Islands.

Alfred Diston

Murray's portrait of her friend Alfred Diston is very realistic, and captures his personality from his expression. He is placed facing forward, with his body tilted to the left. The painting predominantly uses chestnut and soft colours such as yellow in blue. It is clearly influenced by Murray's father, especially when compared to Thomas Heaphy's First of Viscount Beresford: both paintings feature very detailed facial expressions.[1]

Alfred Diston was exhibited at the Museo Municipal in Santa Cruz de Tenerife during the exhibit La Acuarela en Tenerife (Watercolour in Tenerife). It was also reproduced in article in issue 1 of Tagoro, written by Andrés de Lorenzo Cáceres.[1]

Soledad Diston y Orea

Soledad Diston y Orea is a portrait of Alfred Diston's daughter, Soledad (also known as Solita), facing forward and slightly to the left, surrounded by a border. Soledad holds a fan in her right hand, which is also heavily adorned. She is wearing a black mantilla, and a pink carnation on the left side of her head. The mantilla and carnation are two typical Hispanic elements that enhance the romantic spirit of the time.[1] The colours in the painting are chestnut, yellow, black, and pink. It resembles Murray's earlier work, Bust of Spanish Lady in Mantilla.

It was exhibited in May 1962 in the Museo Municipal in Santa Cruz de Tenerife.

Doña Julia Bartlett y de Tarríus

This painting portrays Julia Bartlett y de Tarríus, the daughter of British consul Richard Bartlett who was succeeded by Murray's husband after Bartlett's death in 1849. Julia is portrayed tilted to the left, in fine strokes and extreme detail, especially in the lace and in the jewellery and the rose in the centre of the mantle. The painting's colours are primarily black, pink, red, and white.[1]

This may have been one of Murray's last paintings in the Canary Islands, since it is dated 1860. By 1859, she had earned the animosity of Canarian society and media, although they continued to recognise her skill as a painter.[1]

Doña Julia Bartlett y de Tarríus was exhibited in Santa Cruz de Tenerife in 1962 in the La Acuarela en Tenerife (Watercolour in Tenerife) exhibit. There is also a reproduction in the Nobles de Canarias by Fernández de Bethencourt.[1]

Two little monkeys

The Blind Girl by John Everett Millais, 1856
Two Little Monkeys by Elizabeth Murray, 1861

In this watercolour, Murray paints a Savoyard girl with a little monkey. The depiction of the monkey is a clear Victorian influence, given the love of monkeys, which were painted by many artists of that time. The young woman looks sickly, and holds the small animal in her hands. The painting includes some new characteristics for Murray: representations of truth, vivacity, and vigor; elements that are similar to other English paintings of the time, such as The Blind Girl by John Everett Millais.

Her painting was reproduced by the wood-engraver William Luson Thomas in the Illustrated London News on 30 March 1861.[7]

The cheat detected

A group of four men are playing cards while two cheat through a priest, who watches the decks of the other players. One of the players is partly crouched, trying to light a cigarette that a young girl with black eyes holds to his lips.[1] Behind the group is a woman who has noticed the cheating and is trying to warn the other players. The faces in this painting are very expressive. It was published in the U.S. newspaper Portland Daily Press on 20 February 1866.[1]

Dotty Dimple

This painting depicts a young peasant girl, probably between the ages of ten and twelve, who Murray met when visiting the White Mountains. The girl has blue eyes and "rustic beauty",[1] and is wearing a hat with blue and red wildflowers. She is offering grapes from a plate with her right hand, and her left hand is touching her throat. In the background is a mountainous landscape, with a wooden house with two active chimneys on the right. The watercolour was so well liked in America that it was distributed for several years as a Christmas postcard.

The Spanish balcony

This watercolour shows two women on a balcony, one standing and the other seated, and on both sides "typical Moorish towers".[1] The seated woman wears a black mantilla and holds a half-open fan; the standing woman is wearing a blue suit and gold jewellery. It was exhibited during Murray's stay in Portland and, although it attracted public attention (especially for its olive and tar colours), art critics from the Portland Daily News pointed out some flaws including Murray's way of painting hands, which they described as long and sloppy.[1]

List of paintings

Title Translated title Date Technique Location Notes Image
Una contadina A peasant 1834 Watercolour Unknown Exhibited at the Royal Academy around the date listed
Portrait of a lady 1838 Watercolour Unknown Exhibited at the Royal Academy around the date listed
Mrs. Lawrie and child 1838 Watercolour Unknown Exhibited at the Royal Academy around the date listed
Rosaline. "She'll not be hit, etc." 1838 Watercolour Unknown Exhibited at the Royal Academy around the date listed
Rev. B. Reofey 1838 Watercolour Unknown Exhibited at the Royal Academy around the date listed
Miss Kerrison 1840 Watercolour Unknown
Portraits of the children of Rev. F. Ayckbirne 1842 Watercolour Unknown
Portraits of a lady and her children 1842 Watercolour Unknown Exhibited at the Royal Academy around the date listed[1]
Mrs. Hall and children 1842 Watercolour Unknown
Mr. and Mrs. Wansey 1843 Watercolour Unknown
General de la Rue General of the Street 1846 Watercolour Unknown
Portrait of Ben-Abon-Governor of Tonquin (Tangiers) 1846 Watercolour Unknown Exhibited at the Royal Academy around the date listed[1]
A Spanish nurse and waterman 1847 Watercolour Unknown
His Majesty Otho I, King of Greece 1847 Watercolour Unknown Exhibited at the Royal Academy around the date listed[1]
Miss Macdonald 1847 Watercolour Unknown
Portraits of Son of Abd-ul-Medjeed, Sultan of Turkey 1847 Watercolour Unknown
Mrs. Barnard 1847 Watercolour Unknown
Marruecos Morocco 1849 Watercolour Unknown Reproduced in the first volume of her monograph Sixteen Years of an Artist's Life in Morocco, Spain, and the Canary Islands[1]
Cuadro de costumbres andaluzas Painting of Andalusian customs 1850 Watercolour Unknown
Retrato del rey de Grecia Portrait of the King of Greece 1850 Watercolour Unknown Exhibited at the Royal Academy around the date listed[1]
Bust of Spanish lady in mantilla c. 1850 Watercolour: 31 cm × 21 cm (12.2 in × 8.3 in) Victoria and Albert Museum Signed in the lower right corner as "Elizabeth Heaphy", her unmarried name
Griegos descansado Greeks resting 1851 Watercolour Unknown
Princesa de Persia Princess of Persia 1851 Watercolour Unknown
Retrato del General conde de la Rue 1851 Watercolour Unknown
San Antonio 1851 Gouache Unknown Copy of The vision of San Antonio de Padua by Bartolomé Esteban Murillo[1]
Retrato Portrait 1851 Gouache Unknown
Retrato del General Garibaldi Portrait of General Garibaldi 1851 Watercolour Unknown
Retrato del último gobernador de Tánger Portrait of the last governor of Tangier 1851 Watercolour Unknown
Sr. Colerri, Ministro del Rey de Grecia Mr. Colerri, Minister to the King of Greece 1851 Watercolour Unknown
Empleado del Embajador Inglés en Constantinopla Employee of the English ambassador in Constantinople 1851 Watercolour Unknown
Un mendigo de Cádiz A beggar in Cádiz 1851 Watercolour Unknown
Retrato a la aguada Gouache portrait 1851 Gouache Unknown Exhibited at the Academia de Bellas Artes de Santa Cruz de Tenerife around the date listed[1]
Un cheriff moro, a la aguada A Moorish sheriff, with gouache 1851 Gouache Unknown
Mujer e hija del camarero del Rey de Grecia Woman and daughter of the waiter to the King of Greece 1851 Watercolour Unknown
Hijo del Sultán de Turquía Son of the Sultan of Turkey 1851 Watercolour Unknown
Odalisca Odalisque 1851 Gouache Private collection of Facundo. F. Fierro (Santa Cruz de Tenerife) It is signed in the lower left corner with the initials JBF, which refer to Juan B. Fierro y Van de Walle Fierro y Valcárcel. His grandson, the current owner, states the initials were added by his grandfather and confirms that the painting is by Elizabeth Murray.[1]
Vista de la Orotava y del Pico Teide View of La Orotava and Teide Peak c. 1851 Watercolour Unknown Reproduced in the first volume of her monograph Sixteen Years of an Artist's Life in Morocco, Spain, and the Canary Islands[1]
Francisco Montes 1851 Gouache Unknown
Un Rabbin, judío de Tanger A rabbi, jew of Tangier 1851 Watercolour Unknown Exhibited at the Academia de Bellas Artes de Santa Cruz de Tenerife around the date listed[1]
Reina de Grecia Queen of Greece 1851 Watercolour Unknown
Retrato Portrait 1851 Watercolour Unknown
Copia del San Antonio de Murillo Copy of Murillo's San Antonio 1853 Watercolour Unknown Copy of The vision of San Antonio de Padua by Bartolomé Esteban Murillo[1]
Una bolera A bowling alley 1853 Watercolour Unknown Exhibited at the Academia de Bellas Artes de Santa Cruz de Tenerife around the date listed
Alfred Diston 1854 Watercolour Private collection (San Cristóbal de La Laguna) Signed in the lower right as "Elizabeth Murray". Exhibited in May 1962 at the Museo Municipal de Bellas Artes de Santa Cruz de Tenerife as a part of the exhibit La Acuarela en Tenerife (Watercolour in Tenerife).
Doña Soledad Diston y Orea Miss Soledad Diston y Orea 1854 Watercolour Private collection (San Cristóbal de La Laguna) Signed in the lower right as "Elizabeth Murray". Exhibited in May 1962 at the Museo Municipal de Bellas Artes de Santa Cruz de Tenerife as a part of the exhibit La Acuarela en Tenerife (Watercolour in Tenerife).
Vista de la Orotava View of La Orotava 1855 Watercolour Unknown
Vista de la ciudad de Las Palmas View of the city of Las Palmas 1855 Watercolour Unknown Exhibited at the Academia de Bellas Artes de Santa Cruz de Tenerife around the date listed[1]
Casa antigua de Icod Icod's old house 1857 Watercolour Unknown
Joven isleña en oración Young islander in prayer 1857 Watercolour Unknown
Dácila 1857 Watercolour Unknown
Flor de un dia A day's flowers 1857 Watercolour Unknown
Pifferari playing to the Virgin-Scene in Rome 1859 Watercolour Unknown Reproduced in the 26 March 1859 issue of the Illustrated London News.[4] Part of an exhibit by the Society of Female Artists.[1] The image shown is a black and white version of the original work.
The best in the market 1859 Watercolour Unknown Signed in the lower left corner as "EM". Reproduced in the Illustrated London News.[4] Part of an exhibit by The Society of Female Artists.[1]
Beggars in the church door at Rome 1859 Watercolour Unknown Reproduced in the 9 April 1859 issue of the Illustrated London News in a wood-engraving by William Luson Thomas.[4] Part of an exhibit by the Institution of Fine Arts.[1] The image shown is a black and white version of the original work.
Church patronage 1860 Oil: 88.9 cm × 65.4 cm (35.0 in × 25.7 in) V&A Museum of Childhood (Bethnal Green, London) Signed in the lower left corner with "Elizabeth Murray". This painting was in the Victoria and Albert Museum until 1977, when it was moved to the V&A Museum of Childhood in Bethnal Green.[1]
Doña Julia Bartlett y de Tarríus Miss Julia Bartlett y de Tarríus 1860 Watercolour Private collection (San Cristóbal de La Laguna) Signed in the lower left as "Elizabeth Murray". Exhibited in May 1962 at the Museo Municipal de Bellas Artes de Santa Cruz de Tenerife as a part of the exhibit La Acuarela en Tenerife (Watercolour in Tenerife).
Two little monkeys 1861 Watercolour Unknown Reproduced in the 30 March 1861 issue of The Illustrated London News in an engraving by William Thomas.[8] Part of an exhibit by The Society of Female Artists. The image shown is a black and white version of the original work.[1]
The cheat detected 1866 Watercolour Unknown Reproduced in the 20 February issue of the Portland Daily Press.[1]
Dotty Dimple 1869 Watercolour Essj. Collection Signed in the lower left corner as "Eliz. Murray". Due to its strong reception in America, it was for some time circulated as a Christmas postcard.[1] This image is a chromolithographic print by Williams & Everett.
The old story in Spain 1870 Watercolour Unknown
Dalmatian peasant 1871 Watercolour Unknown
The Spanish balcony 1871 Watercolour Hale's Gallery (Portland, Maine) A simple painting that drew public attention during its exhibition because of its colours. However, the Portland Daily News criticises several failures: the long, stubby hands of the two women, among others.[1]
The eleventh hour 1871 Watercolour Unknown
The Gipsy Queen 1872 Watercolour Unknown
The Greek betrothal 1873 Watercolour Unknown
The white rose 1875 Watercolour Unknown
Spanish lovers lighting cigarettes 1875 Oil Unknown
Music in Morocco 1875 Watercolour Unknown
A Morish saint 1878 Watercolour Unknown

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 García Pérez, José Luis (1982). Elizabeth Murray: un nombre en el siglo XIX [Elizabeth Murray: a name in the 19th century] (in Spanish). Santa Cruz de Tenerife: Aula de Cultura, Cabildo Insular de Tenerife. ISBN 9788450053692. OCLC 16930884.
  2. ↑ "PIFFERARO: Définition de PIFFERARO". Centre National de Ressources Textuelles et Lexicales (in French). Retrieved March 18, 2018.
  3. ↑ García Pérez, José Luis (2007). Viajeros ingleses en las Islas Canarias durante el siglo XIX [English travellers in the Canary Islands during the 19th century] (in Spanish) (1 ed.). Santa Cruz de Tenerife: IDEA. ISBN 9788483820315. OCLC 434530875.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 "The Illustrated London News 1859". The Illustrated London News. Retrieved March 18, 2018.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 García Pérez, José Luis (1980). "Elizabeth Murray". Coloquio de historia canario-americano (in Spanish). Las Palmas, Gran Canaria: Cabildo Insular de Gran Canaria. IV: 604–647.
  6. ↑ "Metropolitan Museum of Art: Beggars at a Church Door at Rome, William Luson Thomas after Elizabeth Murray".
  7. ↑ "Illustrated London News 1861". The Illustrated London News 1861. Retrieved March 18, 2018.
  8. ↑ "Illustrated London News 1861". The Illustrated London News 1861. Retrieved March 18, 2018.
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