The Wyoming Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ) founded in 1973, is a Wyoming state agency to protect, conserve and enhance the environment of Wyoming "through a combination of monitoring, permitting, inspection, enforcement and restoration/remediation activities". It consists of 6 divisions and since 1992, the Environmental Quality Council (EQC), a separate operating agency of 7 governor-appointed members.

Pressing issues have included since 2002 effects of Wyoming's rapidly expanding mineral and energy industries, such as natural gas production, fracking, oil refining, coal mining and uranium mining, including coalbed methane water management.

History

The Wyoming Legislature founded the Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ) in 1973 in passing the Environmental Quality Act.[1][2]

In 2000, the Wyoming legislature enacted the "Voluntary Remediation of Contaminated Sites" law establishing a voluntary remediation program .[3] Two memoranda of agreement from March 14, 2002 define how the DEQ and EPA Region 8 interact regarding contaminated sites: The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act Memorandum of Agreement and the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) Memorandum of Agreement.

Responsibilities

DEQ enforces state and federal environmental laws, including the Clean Air Act, Clean Water Act, National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES), Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA), Superfund Amendments and Title III Reauthorization Act (SARA), Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977 and the Wyoming Environmental Quality Act.[1] Enforcement covers more than 17.5 million acres of public lands and 40.7 million acres of federal mineral estate, administered by the Bureau of Land Management[4]

Organization

As of 2012, the DEQ's Director has been Todd Parfitt, appointed by Matt Mead, incumbent Republican Governor of Wyoming; from 2003 until 2012 the Director had been John Corra. In 1992, Wyoming reorganized all state agencies that deal with natural resources, and the legislature declared the EQC to be a separate operating agency.[5] There are also two Governor-appointed, Wyoming Senate-confirmed independent entities: the Environmental Quality Council (EQC) and the Industrial Siting Council.

Apart from its administration with an Office of Outreach and Environmental Assistance the DEQ has six divisions: abandoned mine land, air quality, industrial siting which includes wind turbines, land quality for permitting/licensing of surface and underground mines, solid waste and hazardous waste, and water quality.[1] The public can input through four advisory boards: a state land & investment board, an advisory board for air quality, one for water and waste, and one for land quality.

As of 2010, DEQ had 267 employees located in Sheridan, Lander, Casper, Rock Springs, Pinedale, and headquarters in Cheyenne, with a state budget cut at that time between 5 and 10 percent.[6] The Wyoming state budget appropriations for the biennium from July 1, 2014, to June 30, 2016 foresaw only 264 employees.[7] As of 2009, 74 employees conducted nearly 2,900 inspections.[6] The DEQ has requested more inspectors since 2003, and requests were defeated "with the obvious desire not to know what's going on" per former Democratic Wyoming House Representative Pete Jorgensen.[8]

Environmental Quality Council (EQC)

The EQC has 7 members, and per statutes not more than four members can be of the same political party.[2]: 35-11-111  In 2014 the EQC had a Republican majority.[5] As of April 2016, the members have been:[9]

NameResidenceParty affiliationTerm expires
Rich Fairservis, SecretaryNatrona County, WyomingRepublicanMarch 2015, extended to March 2021
Meghan O'Toole LallySavery in Carbon CountyDemocratMarch 2017
David Bagley, ChairmanAlbany CountyDemocratMarch 2016, extended to March 2020
Megan DegenfelderCampbell County, WyomingRepublicanMarch 1, 2020
Tim FlitnerGreybull in Big Horn CountyRepublicanMarch 2015 extended to March 1, 2019
Nick AgopianLaramie in Albany County(U)March 1, 2019
Aaron ClarkWheatland, Wyoming in Platte CountyIndependentMarch 1, 2017

As of 2014 Rich Fairservis has been the CEO of Granite Peak Development, Wyomings largest developer, which built a crude-to-rail facility in 2014.[10][11]

As of 2013 Nick Agopian has been employed by Devon Energy as a government and regulatory specialist.[12]

As of 2012 David Bagley headed the Chemical and Petroleum Engineering Department at the University of Wyoming.[13]

As of 2013 Meghan O'Toole Lally was a 5th generation sheep and cattle rancher.[14]

As of 2015 Megan Degenfelder has been a spokeswoman for the coal producer Cloud Peak Energy.[15]

As of 2016 Tim Flitner is a 5th generation cattle rancher at Diamond Tail ranch.[16]

As of 2016 Aaron Clark was an environmental consultant for oil and gas development and filed natural resource permits for the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC)[17] and as of 2015 was former Wyoming Game and Fish Commissioner.[18]

Former members

Thomas Coverdale, Republican from Daniel until March 2016 and former chairman F. David Searle, Republican from Sheridan until March 2015. When his membership was extended and he became Chairmanin 2016 Fairservis moved from Casper to Natrona count.

Industrial Siting Council

It inputs into the Industrial Siting Division. As of April 2016 it has the following members, which like EQC has 7 members, and per statutes not more than four members can be of the same political party:[19]

NameResidenceParty affiliationTerm expires
Peter BrandjordGreen River in Sweetwater CountyDemocratMarch 2017
John CorraCheyenne in Laramie countyRepublicanMarch 2019
James MillerSundance in Crook countyRepublicanMarch 2019
Richard O'GaraCheyenne in Laramie countyDemocratMarch 2017
Shawn Warner, ChairJackson in Park CountyRepublicanMarch 2021
Ken LanttaCasper in Natrona countyRepublicanMarch 2021
Sandy ShuptrineTeton CountyDemocratMarch 2021

Corra has been an executive in the mineral and chemical industries, as of 2015 consulting for FMC Corporation per the Wyoming University.[20]

Miller has been Special Assistant, Vice President of Academic Affairs at Laramie County Community College.[21]

O'Gara retired from teaching economics at Laramie college and owns a business offering business siting and impact analyses (Wyoming Center for Business & Economic Analysis).[22]

As of 2015 Sandy Shuptrine chaired the Teton County Conservation District.[23] and was the lone dissenter in approving an ammonia production plant in Rock Springs by Simplot, because it was only 30% designed and contained only a single sentence about potential environmental releases.[24]

Peter Brandjord said in 2014 "that Simplot's proposal was one of the best applications he had seen".[24] As of 2000 he was Chairman of the Wyoming Retirement System Board.[25]

Kenneth Lantta owns KDL Consulting, and has worked for the oil and gas industry (Precision Drilling Company, L.P. Wyoming oil & gas industry safety alliance).[26]

Former members

As of 2002, former member Greg Bierei was employed with the Thunder Basin Coal Company, L.L.C., operating the Black Thunder Mine as engineering/environmental manager per an accident investigation.[27] A much earlier member of the Council under Governor Stan Hathaway was Jackson Hole architect Vince Lee who served for three terms in the late 70s.

Division of air quality

Wyoming is divided into four air quality regions. As of 2014 the most strictly regulated area is Sublette County, which contain the two natural gas fields of Jonah Field and Pinedale Anticline Project Area (PAPA).[28] In 2013, 80 percent of the oil drilling permits issued by the Wyoming Interstate Oil and Gas Compact Commission were in Sublette County and four other counties (Campbell County, Converse County, Johnson County and Laramie County).[28]

In the Upper Green River Basin with parts of Sublette, Lincoln County and Sweetwater County companies with multiple-well developments must place pollution controls from the beginning of operations, while single-well developments only need to install them if they emit more than four tons of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) annually.[28]

In the 'Concentrated Development Area', comprising all of Carbon County, Fremont County, Natrona County and Uinta County and parts of Lincoln County, Wyoming and Sweetwater County, multi-well developments need pollution controls from the beginning, but single-well facilities may emit up to eight tons of VOC's per year.[28]

In the so-called 'state region' of all remaining counties, there is a VOC limit of 10 tons annually for all types of well developments, lowered from 20 tons per year only in 2007.[28]

In December 2013, the DEQ issued the city of Medicine Bow a permit for construction of a coal gasification plant. In 2011, the Sierra Club challenged the permit, and lost before the Wyoming Supreme Court.

Non attainment

Between 2008 and 2011, Pinedale had such high ozone levels, that the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency declared it a nonattainment area.[28][29] For attainment, "the area must have three years where the fourth-highest ozone level falls below the national standard".[29] The American Lung Association gave the area a failing grade for ozone levels.[30]

A Wyoming Department of Health's public health investigation from 2008 to 2011 found associations between short-term changes in ground-level ozone and acute respiratory problems among residents seeking healthcare within Sublette County.[31] The Northern Arapahos and Eastern Shoshone tribes sought "state status" in order to administer air quality monitoring. In 2013 the EPA ruled on the request and determined the land actually belongs to the Wind River Indian Reservation and has for more than a century, despite a 1905 law opening it to non-tribal members.[32]

Division of land quality

The DLQ has a permitting and licensing site for coal, and one for noncoal, including uranium. In 2013, a DEQ feasibility study estimated that it would cost Wyoming at least $4.5 million and 1o new staff to take over regulation of uranium and thorium mining.[33] The mining industry has pushed the state to take over, saying the Nuclear Regulatory Commission charges too much and moves too slowly.[33]

Mine reclamation

The Land Quality Division enforces the federal Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977's obligation on mining companies to guaranty they can pay the costs of mine reclamation. Wyoming does not require large mining companies to post a surety bond. Instead, these companies can hold their own assets as "self-bonding".[34] The bankruptcy of large coal mining companies may imperil the $2.2 billion the DEQ has allowed in self-bonding.[35]

After Arch Coal declared bankruptcy, the DEQ agreed to accept $75 million in place of the company's $486 million in self-bonding liability.[36] After Alpha Natural Resources declared bankruptcy, the DEQ agreed to accept $61 million in place of the company's $411 million in self-bonding liability.[37] On March 28, 2016 the DEQ assured the federal Office of Surface Mining that Peabody Energy's self-bonding remained adequate.[38] Before Peabody Energy declared bankruptcy on April 13, it held $1.47 billion in self-bonding liabilities, including $900.5 million in Wyoming alone.[39]

Voluntary Remediation Program (VRP)

As of 3 January 2014 "more than 200" contaminated sites are part of the VRP. The program lists 18 abandoned and contaminated sites, also known as orphan sites, 17 of which affect the groundwater. As of April 3, 2014, there were 9 active orphan sites, 4 of them in Cheyenne, including the Cheyenne Perchloroethylene (PCE) Plume Orphan Site, the Casper PCE Plume Orphan Site, the Laramie PCE Plume Orphan Site, the Deluxe Cleaners and Tailors PCE and VOC Orphan Site and the former Lobell Refinery Orphan Site, as well as 9 inactive orphan sites.[3]

After a well blowout by Windsor Energy Corp near Clark, Wyoming in August 2006, which forced evacuations and took nearly 56 hours to plug with drilling mud, liquid gas condensate and natural gas were released through a cracked well casing 255 feet below ground. On January 12, 2007 the DEQ water quality division issued a notice of violation; the company settled in August 2007 by promising to participate in the 'Voluntary Remediation Program' and paid a $2,812.50 fine.[40] Monitoring wells showed groundwater contamination, but didn't include residential areas. In 2007, elevated levels of benzene in one private water well sped up the 2009 clean up schedule; Windsor had to deliver a clean up plan to the DEQ by May 1, 2008.[41] Not until 2010 did residents learn about the plan.[42] In May 2011, Windsor presented a final remedy draft to Clark residents in a public meeting, where residents criticized lack of monitoring private wells and "some expressed frustration with Wyoming state laws that they feel favor industry over personal property rights", and where "county and the state both work together, and they're all extremely pro industry".[43]

One year prior, Windsor Energy Group LLC had dumped at least 200 barrels of fluids from its Bennett Creek site near Clark, with the permission of the property owner and was fined about $5,000.[44]

Budget

The 2014 budget appropriated US$142,904,296 to DEQ. Half the budget, or $74,500,000, went to the Agency of Abandoned mine reclamation. The second largest post was for water quality at $23,276,958, followed by $17,155,165 for air quality.[7]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 "Overview". DEQ. Retrieved 29 July 2014.
  2. 1 2 "Title 35 - Public Health And Safety". Wyoming Statutes. Wyoming Legislative Service Office. Archived from the original on June 30, 2007. Retrieved 31 July 2014.
  3. 1 2 "Voluntary Remediation Program". DEQ. State of Wyoming. Retrieved 27 August 2014.
  4. ↑ "Bureau of Land Management". United States Department of the Interior. 2014-07-29. Retrieved 31 July 2014..
  5. 1 2 "Environmental Quality Council". State of Wyoming. Retrieved 30 July 2014.
  6. 1 2 Bleizeffer, Dustin (February 21, 2010). "Rising DEQ caseload draws concern". Casper Star-Tribune. The Billings Gazette. Retrieved 29 July 2014.
  7. 1 2 HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, Wyoming (March 2014). "Budget and Fiscal Information,ENROLLED ACT NO. 41" (PDF). Retrieved 10 August 2014.
  8. ↑ Bleizeffer, Dustin (September 26, 2011). "Former state legislator; 'All we lack is some leadership'f". Energy News. WyoFile. Retrieved 10 August 2014.
  9. ↑ Advisory Boards DEQ, n.d., Accessed 18 April 2016
  10. ↑ Dale Bohren Rich Fairservis Casper Star Tribune, 26 April 2014
  11. ↑ Benjamin Storrow Granite Peak Development unveils new $60 million crude-to-rail facility Casper Star Tribune, 21 October 2014
  12. ↑ Kyle Roerink Energy company eyes $75k consulting fee for Wyoming school program Casper Star Tribune, 17 January 2013
  13. ↑ Bob Beck David Bagley. UW's Chemical and Petroleum Engineering Department draws influx of students] Wyoming Public Media Nov 12, 2012
  14. ↑ Meghan O'Toole Lally Testimony Before the House Natural Resources Committee Oversight Field Hearing on “State and Local Efforts to Protect Species, Jobs, Property, and Multiple Use Amidst a New War on the West.” U.S. House of Representatives, 4 September 2013, 5 pages.
  15. ↑ Cloud Peak Spokeswoman Gives Coal Industry Report Coal News, 16 October 2015
  16. ↑ Diamond Tail ranches of Wyoming Cowboy Showcase, n.d., Accessed 18 April 2016
  17. ↑ Jennifer Womack Wyoming Livestock Roundup, n.d., Accessed 18 April 2016
  18. ↑ Leslie Stratmoen Governor Announces Fish, Wildlife Task Force Members 13 April 2015, Sheridan Media
  19. ↑ "The Industrial Siting Council". Department of Environmental Quality. Retrieved 4 January 2015.
  20. ↑ "Advisory Board, Haub School of Environment and Natural Resources". University of Wyoming. n.d. Retrieved 21 February 2015.
  21. ↑ "Directory, James Miller". Laramie County Community College. n.d. Retrieved 21 February 2015.
  22. ↑ Wyoming Center for Business & Economic Analysis (n.d.). "Personnel". Wyoming Network, Inc. Retrieved 21 February 2015. {{cite web}}: |author1= has generic name (help)
  23. ↑ Melodie Edwards Turbulent Waters At The DEQ Water Quality Public Meeting In Casper Wyoming Public Media, 17 September 2015, retrieved 18 April 2016
  24. 1 2 Angus M. Thuermer Jr. Board splits in approving $350M Simplot ammonia plant Wyoming File, 10 June 2014, retrieved 18 April 2016
  25. ↑ MINUTES Management Audit Committee 16 October 2000, Wyoming Legislature, retrieved 18 April 2016
  26. ↑ Kenneth Lantta KDL Consulting , retrieved 18 April 2016
  27. ↑ "US Department of Labor Report of Investigation Fatal Fall of Highwall Accident". Wright, Campbell County, Wyoming: US Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration. February 20, 2002. Retrieved 20 February 2015.
  28. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Storrow, Benjamin (May 26, 2014). "Behind the times- Wyoming air quality regulations lag in areas with new oil development". Star Tribune. Retrieved 31 July 2014.
  29. 1 2 Kelsey Dayton (4 May 2012). "EPA: Upper Green River Basin exceeded federal multi-year air standard". Casper Star Tribune. Retrieved 27 August 2014.
  30. ↑ "State of The Air, Wyoming, Sublette County". American Lung Association. 2013. Retrieved 27 August 2014.
  31. ↑ Kerry Pride, J. Peel, B. Robinson, A. Busacker, J. Grandpre, F. Yip, T. Murphy (December 2014). "Associations of Short-Term Exposure to Ozone and Respiratory Outpatient Clinic Visits— Sublette County, Wyoming, 2008–2011". Environ Res. 4 (137C): 1–7. doi:10.1016/j.envres.2014.10.033. PMID 25483412.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  32. ↑ Judson Berger (February 12, 2014). "U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES COMMITTEE ON SCIENCE, SPACE, AND TECHNOLOGY SUBCOMMITTEE ON ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT HEARING CHARTER". Fox News.com. Retrieved 31 July 2014. Wyoming officials prepare for court fight after EPA ruling hands land to tribes
  33. 1 2 Stephanie Joyce (2 December 2013). "State takeover of uranium mining regulation would cost at least $4.5 million". Wyoming Public Media. Retrieved 3 January 2015.
  34. ↑ Jahshan, Amanda (26 February 2016). "Bankruptcies in Coal Country put Self-Bonding in Spotlight". The Natural Resources Defense Council. Retrieved 17 April 2016.
  35. ↑ Brown, Dylan (1 March 2016). "Coal: Mine cleanup concerns spike as industry sputters". Greenwire. Retrieved 17 April 2016.
  36. ↑ Sanzillo, Tom; Schlissel, David (14 April 2016). "After Bankruptcies, Coal's Legacy Lives On". The New York Times. p. A23. Retrieved 17 April 2016.
  37. ↑ Shogren, Elizabeth (25 January 2016). "Coal company bankruptcies jeopardize reclamation". High Country News. Retrieved 17 April 2016.
  38. ↑ Joyce, Stephanie (30 March 2016). "Wyoming Defends Handling Of Peabody Mine Clean-Up Obligations". Wyoming Public Media. Retrieved 17 April 2016.
  39. ↑ Loh, Tim (17 February 2016). "The $1.47 Billion Problem Threatening Peabody's Finances". Bloomberg. Retrieved 17 April 2016.
  40. ↑ "MEMORANDUM To: Windsor Energy, Clark". DEQ. August 22, 2007. Retrieved 27 August 2014.
  41. ↑ "Timeline for cleanup from Clark gas well blowout accelerated". Casper Tribune. The Associated Press. 27 February 2008. Retrieved 4 January 2015.
  42. ↑ Richard Reeder (June 23, 2010). "Plans revealed for Clark gas well cleanup". Cody Enterprise. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |url= (help)
  43. ↑ Martin Kidston (May 26, 2011). "WELL BLOWOUT Clark residents vent frustrations with DEQ, Windsor Energy". Billings Gazette. Retrieved 27 August 2014.
  44. ↑ "State, energy company reach settlement over alleged dumping". Billings Gazette. Associated Press. 19 January 2006. Retrieved 27 August 2014.

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