Yoav Gallant
Official portrait, 2023
Ministerial roles
2015–2019Minister of Construction
2019–2020Minister of Aliyah & Integration
2020–2021Minister of Education
2022–Minister of Defense
Faction represented in the Knesset
2015–2019Kulanu
2019–Likud
Personal details
Born (1958-11-08) 8 November 1958
Jaffa, Tel Aviv, Israel
Military service
AllegianceIsrael
Branch/serviceIsraeli Navy
Years of service1977–1982, 1984–2012
RankMajor general
CommandsSouthern Command
Battles/wars

Yoav Gallant (Hebrew: יוֹאָב גָּלַנְטְ‎; born 8 November 1958) is an Israeli politician and retired military general. A member of the Knesset for Likud, he has served as Minister of Defense since 2022. He is a former commander of the Southern Command in the Israel Defense Forces. In January 2015, he entered politics, joining the new Kulanu party. After being elected to the Knesset, he was appointed Minister of Construction. At the end of 2018, he joined Likud. Gallant also previously held the posts of Minister of Aliyah and Integration and Minister of Education.

Biography

Yoav Gallant was born on 8 November 1958[1] in Jaffa to Polish Jewish immigrants. His mother, Fruma, was a Holocaust survivor who had been on the SS Exodus as a child.[2] Along with other Exodus refugees, she was deported by the British to Hamburg, and arrived in Israel in 1948. She was a nurse by profession. His father, Michael, fought the Nazis as a partisan in the forests of Ukraine and Belarus, and also immigrated to Israel in 1948. He served in the Givati Brigade in the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, including the Samson's Foxes unit, and was considered one of the finest snipers in the IDF. He participated in Operation Yoav, during which he was the first soldier to break into the fort at Iraq Suwaydan.[3] He named his son for the operation.[4] In Gallant's youth, the family moved to Givatayim, where he studied at David Kalai high school. He received a BA in Business and Finance Management from the University of Haifa.[5]

Gallant lives in moshav Amikam. He is married to Claudine, a retired IDF lieutenant colonel. They have a son and two daughters.[4]

In 2011, Gallant was tapped to succeed Gabi Ashkenazi as the Chief of General Staff by Defense Minister Ehud Barak. Although his appointment was approved by the government[6][7] it was overturned due to allegations of building of an unauthorized access road to his home and planting an olive grove on public land outside the boundaries of his property.

Military career

Gallant in 1995 as commander of Shayetet 13
Gallant with U.S. National Security Adviser Jake Sullivan in Israel, 19 January 2023

Gallant began his military career in 1977 as a naval commando in Shayetet 13.[5] In the 1980s, after six years of active service, he moved to Alaska and worked as a lumberjack.[8] He then returned to the navy and served on a missile boat (including a position as deputy-commander of INS Keshet)[9] and again in Shayetet 13. In 1992, Gallant was earmarked by then-navy commander Ami Ayalon for the command of Shayetet 13, a position he was meant to take up in 1994. Gallant preferred not to study during the two remaining years, and instead moved into the ground forces and in 1993 took up command of the Menashe Territorial Brigade of the Judea and Samaria Division.[4]

After serving for three years as commander of Shayetet 13, Gallant moved up to command the Gaza Division.[4] He also commanded the reserve 340th Armored Division (Idan Formation),[10] and in 2001 became the Chief of Staff of the GOC Army Headquarters.[11] Gallant attained the rank of a major general when he became the Military Secretary of the Prime Minister in 2002.[4] In 2005, Gallant was appointed as commander of the Southern Command.[4] During his tenure (that lasted until 21 October 2010), Hamas launched the 25 June 2006 Gaza cross-border raid that resulted in the deaths of two IDF soldiers and the capture of a third, Gilad Shalit. The IDF then launched Operation Summer Rains, that resulted in a decrease of Hamas rocket-fire for some time but failed to free Shalit. Also during his tenure, the Israel Defense Forces embarked on Operation Cast Lead against Hamas in the Gaza Strip from December 2008 until January 2009, which again temporarily minimized Hamas rocket-fire but also again failed to find and deliver Shalit, who would be eventually exchanged in 2011 for 1,027 Palestinians imprisoned in Israel. Gallant commanded the operation and his role in the field and in what was at that time considered the success of the operation gained praise and helped him in the race to chief of staff.[5] However, Gallant and the IDF were criticized for the implementation of the Dahiya doctrine of widespread destruction of civilian infrastructure in the Gaza War of 2008-09, with the Goldstone Report concluding that the Israeli strategy was "designed to punish, humiliate and terrorize a civilian population".[12][13][14][15][16][17]

The Israeli NGO, Yesh Gvul, filed suit against Gallant's appointment as IDF chief of staff, claiming that his command role in Cast Lead confirmed him as a suspect in "grave violations of international law."[18] Haaretz noted that Gallant lobbied against an investigation of Col. Ilan Malka, the IDF commander who approved the airstrike that killed 21 members of the al-Samouni clan during Cast Lead. Gallant's view was ignored as the military prosecutor general opened an investigation of the incident which was highlighted by the Goldstone Report as a "possible serious breach of international law".[19]

Chief of Staff candidacy

Gallant House

On 22 August 2010, Minister of Defense Ehud Barak presented the candidacy of Gallant for the post of the IDF's twentieth Chief of Staff to the government.[5] It was expected that he would receive the promotion.[20] Gallant's appointment followed a controversy, where a forged document was leaked to Israel's Channel 2 purporting to detail plans by Gallant to smear rival candidate Benny Gantz.[21]

On 5 September 2010, the government approved the nomination of Gallant as the next chief of staff, with only Likud minister Michael Eitan objecting. Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu said that the incoming IDF chief had "proven his worth during his 33 years of military service at the IDF's frontlines," and that "He's proven himself to be a courageous fighter, an excellent officer, and a responsible and serious battle commander." The PM added that Gallant picked up on a legacy of "dedication and excellence" bequeathed by incumbent IDF chief Gabi Ashkenazi. The cabinet also approved Barak's proposal, according to which Gallant would serve for three years, giving the defense minister power to grant a fourth.[6]

On 1 February 2011, Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and Defense Minister Ehud Barak canceled the appointment of Gallant to the post of Israel Defense Forces chief. The announcement came after months of scandal surrounding his appointment due to allegations that he had seized public lands near his home in Moshav Amikam. After conducting an investigation into the allegations, Attorney General Yehuda Weinstein said that his findings "raise significant legal difficulties for the decision to appoint him." Weinstein said that it was up to the prime minister and defense minister to decide whether or not Gallant could take up the post. Earlier in the day, Weinstein notified Netanyahu that he could not defend Gallant's appointment as chief of staff due to legal impediments.[22]

On 30 December 2012, the local planning committee administering land ownership issues and building licenses said that Gallant had built his home in the northern community of Amikam on 350m² of property accidentally listed as his, unaware that it was actually public land. The decision did not address two other issues still being investigated by the state comptroller and attorney general: the building of an unauthorized access road to his house and the planting of an olive grove that spilled over the boundaries of his property.[23]

Minister of Defense

Gallant with Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and US Secretary of Defense Lloyd Austin in Tel Aviv, Israel, 13 October 2023

On 8 August 2023, Gallant warned that Israel would not hesitate to attack Hezbollah and "return Lebanon to the Stone Age" if Israel was attacked.[24]

On 9 October 2023, following the beginning of the October 2023 Gaza−Israel conflict and attacks in Israel by Hamas militants, Gallant said that Israel would impose a "total siege" of the Gaza Strip while at the same time "fighting human animals", referring to Hamas militants in the Gaza Strip.[25][26][27] A total blockade of the Gaza Strip was announced by Gallant, who stated: "There will be no electricity, no food, no water, no fuel. Everything is closed. We are fighting human animals and we are acting accordingly."[28][29]

On 13 October 2023, Gallant met with US Secretary of Defense Lloyd Austin. Gallant called on Palestinians to evacuate northern Gaza, including Gaza City, saying: "The camouflage of the terrorists is the civilian population. Therefore, we need to separate them. So those who want to save their lives, please go south. We are going to destroy Hamas infrastructure, Hamas headquarters, Hamas military establishment, and take these phenomena out of Gaza and out of the Earth."[30] On 13 October, he said that "Gaza won't return to what it was before. We will eliminate everything."[31]

Political career

Gallant with Prime Minister Netanyahu, Defense Minister Avigdor Lieberman and U.S. Defense Secretary Ash Carter at the Nevatim Airbase in Israel, 12 December 2016
Gallant and Benjamin Netanyahu on 13 February 2023

Kulanu

In January 2015 Gallant joined the new Kulanu party led by Moshe Kahlon. He was placed second on the party's list for the 2015 elections, and was elected to the Knesset as the party won ten seats. He was later appointed Minister of Construction in the new government.

In January 2016, the New York Times published an op-ed by Gallant in which he described how important he believes it is for Jewish and Arab leaders to come together in promoting peace and equality in their shared country. As part of that effort, he and MK Ayman Odeh, leader of the Joint List alliance of Arab parties, together visited several Arab Israeli towns. "Together, we examined firsthand the challenges facing Arab Israeli communities so that we could bring about solutions," he noted.[32]

Likud

On 31 December 2018, Gallant quit his post as Housing and Construction Minister to join Likud.[33] A day later he was appointed Minister of Aliyah and Integration.[34] He resigned from the Knesset and was replaced by the next candidate on the Kulanu list, Fentahun Seyoum on 2 January 2019.[35]

After the formation of the Thirty-fifth government of Israel Gallant was appointed Minister of Education.

On 17 January 2021, reacting to a planned speech by the director-general of B'Tselem Hagai El-Ad at the Hebrew Reali School, Gallant, serving as the Minister of Education, published a directive to the Education Ministry to forbid all organizations whose causes contradict the Ministry's vision of the country as democratic, Jewish and Zionist, from entering schools.

Specifically, Gallant wrote that any organization which cites Israel as an "apartheid state", shall be forbidden from entering education centers in Israel.[36][37]

In 2021, as Minister of Education, Gallant opposed Weizmann Institute professor Oded Goldreich receiving the Israel Prize in mathematics, due to him co-signing a 2019 letter that called for the Bundestag not to pass legislation defining the Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions (BDS) movement as anti-Semitic.[38] On 8 April 2021 Israel's Supreme Court of Justice ruled in favor of Gallant's petition so that Goldreich could not receive the prize and gave Gallant a month to further examine the issue.[39]

Judicial reform

On 25 March 2023, Gallant spoke out against his own government in support of the protests against the government's proposed judicial reforms. He asked for the government to delay the proposed legislation to allow for negotiations between the ruling coalition and the opposition, which resulted in National Security Minister Itamar Ben-Gvir calling for Gallant's dismissal.[40] Netanyahu announced on 26 March that he was dismissing Gallant, sparking massive protests that night in several major cities across Israel.[41] The following day, Gallant's office stated that he would be continuing in his post, as he had not yet been given an official notice of his dismissal.[42] On 10 April, Netanyahu announced that he would not fire Gallant.[43]

References

  1. ↑ "יואב גלנט". Knesset.gov.il (in Hebrew). Archived from the original on 20 May 2015.
  2. ↑ "First Israeli monument to 'Exodus' inaugurated in Haifa". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 4 December 2021.
  3. ↑ Amir Rappaport, Operation Yoav, Ma'ariv supplement Saturday, 21 April 2006
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Yoav Galant's Race to the Top". Ynetnews. 24 August 2010. Retrieved 28 August 2010.
  5. 1 2 3 4 Greenberg, Hanan (22 August 2010). "1st Chief of Staff from Naval Commando". Ynetnews. Retrieved 28 August 2010.
  6. 1 2 Lis, Jonathan (5 September 2010). "Cabinet votes Galant in as next IDF chief of staff". Haaretz. Retrieved 6 September 2010.
  7. ↑ Pfeffer, Anshel; Ravid, Barak (22 August 2010). "Yoav Galant Named as Next Israel Defense Forces Chief of Staff". Haaretz. Retrieved 22 August 2010.
  8. ↑ Katz, Yaakov (22 August 2010). "Who is Yoav Galant?". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 26 March 2023.
  9. ↑ Schmidtberg, Ariel (28 April 2009). "Odyssey in Algeria". Israel HaYom. Retrieved 28 August 2010.
  10. ↑ "Barak Announced: Galant Will Be the Next Chief of Staff" (in Hebrew). Channel 2. 22 August 2010. Archived from the original on 24 August 2010. Retrieved 28 August 2010.
  11. ↑ Buhbut, Amir (22 August 2010). "From the Flotilla to Chief of Staff: Yoav Galant's Persona" (in Hebrew). nrg Maariv. Retrieved 28 August 2010.
  12. ↑ Cain, Anthony C., ed. (September 2010). "Deterrence and the Israeli-Hezbollah War-Summer 2006". Deterrence in the Twenty-first Century: Proceedings (London, UK 18-19 May 2009). London. p. 288. ISBN 978-1466368187.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  13. ↑ Media Summary: Report of the United Nations Fact Finding Mission on the Gaza Conflict (Report). Archived from the original on 24 March 2016.{{cite report}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  14. ↑ United Nations General Assembly, Report of the United Nations Fact-Finding Mission on the Gaza Conflict, 25 09 2010
  15. ↑ Goldstone, Richard (2 April 2011). "Reconsidering the Goldstone Report on Israel and war crimes". The Washington Post. Retrieved 27 January 2014.
  16. ↑ Pilkington, Ed; Urquhart, Conal (11 April 2011). "UN Gaza report co-authors round on Goldstone". The Guardian. Retrieved 20 December 2023.
  17. ↑ "No Second Thoughts" Archived 15 February 2010 at the Wayback Machine The Public Committee Against Torture in Israel
  18. ↑ "Injunction Against Galant's Appointment: "Suspected of War Crimes"". Walla. 25 October 2010.
  19. ↑ Harel, Amos; Pfeffer, Anshel (22 October 2010). "IDF probes top officers on Gaza war strike that killed 21 family members". Haaretz.
  20. ↑ Lis, Jonathan (23 August 2010). "Grumbling Aside, Galant's Approval all but Assured". Haaretz. Retrieved 28 August 2010.
  21. ↑ Yehoshua, Yossi (20 August 2010). "Suspect in Galant Affair Denies Involvement". Ynetnews. Retrieved 28 August 2010.
  22. ↑ "Netanyahu, Barak announce Galant no longer new IDF chief". Haaretz. 1 February 2011. Retrieved 1 February 2011.
  23. ↑ Kalman, Aaron (20 December 2012). "Former IDF general partially cleared in land scandal that stopped his appointment as chief of staff". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 24 May 2013.
  24. ↑ "Defense Minister Gallant Threatens to Send Lebanon Back to 'Stone Age' if Hezbollah Provokes Israel". Haaretz. 8 August 2023.
  25. ↑ Fabian, Emanuel. "Defense minister announces 'complete siege' of Gaza: No power, food or fuel". www.timesofisrael.com. Retrieved 18 October 2023.
  26. ↑ "Israel announces 'total' blockade on Gaza". Al Jazeera. 9 October 2023. Retrieved 13 October 2023.
  27. ↑ "We are fighting human animals" said Israeli Defence Minister Yoav Gallant. #palestine #gaza, retrieved 18 October 2023
  28. ↑ Jankowicz, Mia (9 October 2023). "Israel announces 'complete siege' of Gaza, cutting its electricity, food, water, and fuel". Business Insider. Retrieved 13 October 2023.
  29. ↑ "Israeli defence minister orders 'complete siege' on Gaza". Al Jazeera. 9 October 2023. Retrieved 9 October 2023.
  30. ↑ Fischler, Jacob (13 October 2023). "U.S. stresses support for Israel as 1 million residents of North Gaza ordered to evacuate". Colorado Newsline.
  31. ↑ Roth, Kenneth (16 October 2023). "Israel appears to be on the verge of ethnic cleansing in Gaza". The Guardian.
  32. ↑ Building the Future in Israel, The New York Times, 21 January 2016
  33. ↑ Schneider, Tal (31 December 2018). "Galant quits as housing minister to join Likud". Globes. Retrieved 2 January 2019.
  34. ↑ Wootliff, Raoul (1 January 2019). "As he leaves Kulanu, Gallant appointed immigration minister". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 2 January 2019.
  35. ↑ Replacements Among Knesset Members, Knesset.gov.il
  36. ↑ "הנדון: הוראה לאסור הכנסתם לבתי ספר של ארגונים הפועלים בסתירה למטרות" (PDF). Haaretz.co.il. Retrieved 4 December 2021.
  37. ↑ "שר החינוך: אסור לבתי ספר לארח "ארגונים המכנים את ישראל מדינת אפרטהייד"". Haaretz.co.il (in Hebrew).
  38. ↑ "Israel Prize committee petitions top court over minister's veto of math winner". The Times of Israel. 30 March 2021. Retrieved 26 March 2023.
  39. ↑ "Israel's Supreme Court says pro-BDS professor ineligible to receive prestigious prize". i24news.tv. 8 April 2021.
  40. ↑ Jeremy Bob, Yonah (25 March 2023). "Defense Minister Gallant calls to stop judicial reform legislation". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 26 March 2023.
  41. ↑ "Netanyahu Fires Defense Minister Gallant for Calling to Stop Judicial Overhaul". Haaretz. Retrieved 26 March 2023.
  42. ↑ "Gallant's future unclear as calls grow for PM to roll back his firing". The Times of Israel. 27 March 2023. Retrieved 27 March 2023.
  43. ↑ Zeytun, Yoav (10 April 2023). "גלנט סירב להתנצל, בסביבתו קובעים: "אזהרותיו התממשו אחת לאחת"". Ynet (in Hebrew). Retrieved 10 April 2023.
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