This is a list of currently active separatist movements in South America. Separatism includes autonomism and secessionism.

Criteria

What is and is not considered an autonomist or secessionist movement is sometimes contentious. Entries on this list must meet three criteria:

1. They are active movements with active members.
2. They are seeking greater autonomy or self-determination for a geographic region (as opposed to personal autonomy).
3. They are citizens/people of the conflict area and do not come from another country.

Under each region listed is one or more of the following:

• De facto state (de facto entity): for unrecognized regions with de facto autonomy.
• Proposed state: proposed name for a seceding sovereign state.
• Proposed autonomous area: for movements towards greater autonomy for an area but not outright secession.
  • De facto autonomous government: for governments with de facto autonomous control over a region.
  • Government-in-exile: for a government based outside of the region in question, with or without control.
  • Political party (or parties): for political parties involved in a political system to push for autonomy or secession.
  • Militant organisation(s): for armed organisations.
  • Advocacy group(s): for non-belligerent, non-politically participatory entities.
  • Ethnic/ethno-religious/racial/regional/religious group(s).

Argentina

Mendoza

• Proposed autonomous area: República de Mendoza^[1][2]
  • Advocacy group: Éxito^[1][2]

Araucanía

• Proposed state or autonomous area: Wallmapu^[3][4]
• Advocacy groups: Consejo de Todas las Tierras,^[3] Resistencia Ancestral Mapuche,^[4] Coordinadora Arauco-Malleco

Patagonia

• Proposed state or autonomous area: Patagonia
  • Pressure groups: Movimiento Independentista Patagónico^[3][5][6]

Brazil

Northeast Region

• Proposed: Independence for the Northeast Region of Brazil
  • Advocacy groups: Nordeste Independente,^[7][8][9] Frente Libertária Nordeste Livre^[10]

North Region

• Proposed state: Republic of the Peoples of the Amazon
  • Advocacy group: Movimento Amazônia Independente^[7][11]

 São Paulo

• Proposed state: São Paulo^[12][13][14]
  • Advocacy group: Movimento São Paulo Independente^[15]

South Region

• Proposed: Independence for the South Region of Brazil
  • Advocacy group: O Sul É o Meu País

• 
  Northeast Region
• 
  North Region
• 
  São Paulo
• 
  South Region

Bolivia

Santa Cruz Department

República de Santa Cruz^[16][17]

• Proposed state: República de Santa Cruz
  • Advocacy group: Nación Camba

Qullasuyu

• Proposed state:  Qullasuyu
  • Ethnic group: Aymara people
  • Proposed state or autonomus area: Qullasuyu
    • Advocacy groups for increased autonomy: Ethnocacerism, Coordinator of Indigenous Organizations of the Amazon Basin, National Confederation of Peruvian Amazonian Nationalities, Tupac Katari Guerrilla Army, Pachakuti Indigenous Movement and Indian Movement Túpac Katari, National Alliance of Workers, Farmers, Students, Reservists and Laborers (ANTAURO), Union for Peru, Go on Country, Peruvian Nationalist Party, Federation of Neighborhood Councils-El Alto

Chile

Araucanía

• Proposed autonomous area: Wallmapu^[3][4][18]
  • Advocacy groups: Consejo de Todas las Tierras, Resistencia Ancestral Mapuche, Coordinadora Arauco-Malleco

Patagonia

• Proposed autonomous area: Patagonia
  • Pressure groups: Movimiento Independentista Patagónico^[3][5][6]

Chiloé Province

• Proposed autonomous area: Chiloé
  • Advocacy group: Movimiento Archipiélago Soberano^[19][20][21]

Arica y Parinacota Region^[22]

• Proposed autonomous area: Arica y Parinacota Region^[23]
  • Political party: Arica Estado Independiente^[24]

Colombia

Antioquia Department

• Proposed state or autonomus area: Antioquia
  • Advocacy group: Por Una Antioquia Libre Y Soberana^{[25][26][27][28]} Organización Indígena de Antioquia (Antioquia's Indigenous Organization)^[29]

France

French Guiana

• Proposed state: Republic of Amazonia or Republic of Cayenne^[30][31]
  • Advocacy group: Decolonization and Social Emancipation Movement

Peru

Qullasuyu

• Proposed state:  Qullasuyu & Sur-Peruana^[32]
  • Ethnic group: Aymara people
  • Proposed state or autonomus area: Qullasuyu
    • Advocacy groups for increased autonomy: Ethnocacerism, Coordinator of Indigenous Organizations of the Amazon Basin, National Confederation of Peruvian Amazonian Nationalities,Tupac Katari Guerrilla Army, Pachakuti Indigenous Movement, Indian Movement Túpac Katari, National Alliance of Workers, Farmers, Students, Reservists and Laborers (ANTAURO), Union for Peru, Go on Country,Peruvian Nationalist Party, Peruvian 'Great South'^[33]

Department of Loreto

• Proposed greater autonomy for: Department of Loreto^{[34][35][36][37]}
  • Ethnic group: Wampis^[38][39][40]

Venezuela

Zulia

• Proposed autonomus area: Zulia
• Advocacy group: Autonomous Indigenous Movement of Zulia (Movimiento Indígena Autónomo del Zulia)^[41][42][43]

See also

• Lists of active separatist movements
• List of historical separatist movements

References