This is a list of countries by annualized interest rate set by the central bank for charging commercial, depository banks for loans to meet temporary shortages of funds.

List

Country or
currency union		Central bank
interest rate (%)		 ChangeEffective date of
last change		 Average inflation rate
2017–2021 (%)
by WB and IMF[1][2]
as in the List		 Central bank interest rate
minus average
inflation rate (2017–2021)
 Afghanistan6.00 Negative increase 3.0024 July 2021[3] 3.38 2.62
 Albania3.25 Negative increase 0.251 November 2023[4] 1.78 1.47
 Algeria3.00 Positive decrease 0.2529 April 2020[5] 4.14 -1.14
 Angola18.00 Negative increase 1.0021 November 2023[6] 22.64 -4.64
 Argentina133.00 Negative increase 15.0012 October 2023[7] 40.85 92.15
 Armenia9.25 Positive decrease 0.2512 December 2023[8] 2.62 6.63
 Australia4.35 Negative increase 0.258 November 2023[9] 1.78 2.57
 Azerbaijan8.50 Positive decrease 0.501 November 2023[10] 5.02 3.48
 Bahamas4.00 Positive decrease 0.5022 December 2016 [11] 1.86 2.14
 Bahrain6.25 Negative increase 0.2526 July 2023[12] 0.63 5.62
 Bangladesh6.50 Negative increase 0.501 July 2023[13] 5.58 0.92
 Barbados2.00 Positive decrease 5.001 April 2020[14] 3.51 -1.51
 Belarus9.75 Positive decrease 0.2531 May 2023 [15] 6.25 3.50
 Bolivia2.77 Positive decrease 0.331 July 2023[16] 1.83 0.94
 Botswana2.40 Negative increase 0.257 December 2023[17] 3.40 -1.00
 Brazil11.75 Positive decrease 0.5013 December 2023[18] 4.35 7.40
 Bulgaria3.80 Negative increase 0.161 December 2023[19] 1.92 1.88
 Canada5.00 Negative increase 0.2512 July 2023[20] 1.94 3.06
 Cape Verde1.00 Negative increase 0.7516 May 2023[21] 1.05 -0.05
Central African States5.00 Negative increase 0.5027 March 2023[22]
 Chile9.00 Positive decrease 0.505 September 2023[23] 2.80 6.20
 China3.45 Positive decrease 0.1021 August 2023[24] 2.00 1.45
 Colombia13.25 Negative increase 0.252 May 2023[25] 3.36 9.89
 Costa Rica6.25 Positive decrease 0.2526 October 2023[26] 1.60 4.65
 DR Congo11.00 Negative increase 2.0019 June 2023[27] 18.09 -7.09
 Curacao5.50 Negative increase 0.7510 March 2023[28]
 Czech Republic7.00 Negative increase 1.2522 June 2022[29] 2.67 4.33
 Denmark3.60 Negative increase 0.2515 September 2023[30] 0.85 2.75
 Dominican Republic7.00 Positive decrease 0.2530 November 2023[31] 4.05 2.95
Eastern Caribbean2.00 Positive decrease 4.53 May 2020[32]
 Egypt19.25 Negative increase 1.003 August 2023[33] 13.69 5.56
 Eswatini7.50 Positive decrease 0.2521 July 2023[34] 4.36 3.14
European Union Eurozone4.50 Negative increase 0.2520 September 2023[35]
 Fiji0.25 Positive decrease 0.2518 March 2020[36] 1.54 -1.29
 Gambia17.00 Negative increase 1.0029 August 2023[37] 6.93 10.07
 Georgia10.00 Positive decrease 0.2514 September 2023[38] 5.59 4.41
 Ghana30.00 Negative increase 0.5024 July 2023[39] 9.70 20.30
 Guatemala5.00 Negative increase 0.2526 April 2023[40] 3.97 1.03
 Honduras3.00 Positive decrease 0.7527 November 2020[41] 4.14 -1.14
 Hong Kong5.75 Negative increase 0.2527 July 2023[42] 1.79 3.96
 Hungary11.50 Positive decrease 0.7522 November 2023[43] 3.30 8.20
 Iceland9.25 Negative increase 0.5023 August 2023[44] 2.91 6.34
 India6.50 Negative increase 0.258 February 2023[45] 4.70 1.80
 Indonesia6.00 Negative increase 0.2519 October 2023[46] 2.70 3.30
 Iran23.00 31 January 2023[47] 30.05 -7.05
 Israel4.75 Negative increase 0.2522 May 2023[48] 0.55 4.20
 Jamaica7.00 Negative increase 0.5018 November 2022[49] 4.57 2.43
 Japan-0.10 Positive decrease0.1029 January 2016[50] 0.35 -0.45
 Jordan7.50 Negative increase 0.5030 July 2023[51] 2.16 5.34
 Kazakhstan15.75 Positive decrease 0.7524 November 2023[52] 6.61 9.14
 Kenya12.50 Negative increase 2.005 December 2023[53] 5.81 6.69
 Kuwait4.25 Negative increase 0.2526 July 2023[54] 1.69 2.56
 Kyrgyzstan13.00 Positive decrease 1.0029 November 2022[55] 5.03 7.97
 Lebanon20.00 Negative increase 10.00April 2023[56] 39.55 -19.55
 Lesotho7.75 Negative increase 0.2529 May 2023[57] 5.04 2.71
 Malawi24.00 Negative increase 2.0031 July 2023[58] 9.65 14.35
 Malaysia3.00 Negative increase 0.253 May 2023[59] 1.36 1.64
 Mauritius4.50 Negative increase 0.5014 December 2022[60] 3.01 1.49
 Mexico11.25 Negative increase 0.2531 March 2023[61] 4.67 6.58
 Moldova4.75 Positive decrease 1.257 November 2023[62] 4.34 0.41
 Mongolia13.00 Negative increase 1.0016 December 2022[63] 5.50 7.50
 Morocco3.00 Negative increase 0.5023 March 2023 [64] 0.92 2.08
 Mozambique17.25 Negative increase 2.0030 September 2022[65] 6.22 11.03
 Namibia7.75 Negative increase 0.5014 June 2023[66] 4.08 3.67
 New Zealand5.50 Negative increase 0.2524 May 2023[67] 1.95 3.55
 Nicaragua7.00 Negative increase 0.5015 December 2022[68] 4.40 2.60
 Nigeria18.75 Negative increase 0.2525 July 2023[69] 14.03 4.72
 North Macedonia6.30 Negative increase 0.1520 August 2023[70] 1.58 4.72
 Norway4.50 Negative increase 0.2515 December 2023[71] 2.14 2.36
 Oman 6.00 Negative increase 0.25 July 26, 2023[12] 0.94 5.06
 Pakistan22.00 Negative increase 1.0027 June 2023[72] 6.89 15.11
 Papua New Guinea3.00 Positive decrease 0.50September 2023[73] 4.46 -1.46
 Paraguay7.25 Positive decrease 0.5022 November 2023[74] 3.12 4.13
 Peru6.75 Positive decrease 0.2514 December 2023[75] 2.25 4.50
 Philippines6.50 Negative increase 0.2527 October 2023 [76] 3.50 3.00
 Poland5.75 Positive decrease 0.255 October 2023[77] 2.74 3.01
 Qatar6.00 Negative increase 0.2526 July 2023[78] -0.04 6.04
 Romania7.00 Negative increase 0.2511 January 2023[79] 3.35 3.65
 Russia16.00 Negative increase 1.0015 December 2023[80] 4.07 11.93
 Rwanda7.50 Negative increase 0.5017 August 2023[81] 3.75 3.75
 Samoa0.20 Negative increase 0.0218 August 2023[82] 1.13 -0.93
 Saudi Arabia6.00 Negative increase 0.2526 July 2023[12] 1.24 4.76
 Serbia6.50 Negative increase 0.258 June 2023[83] 2.31 4.19
 Seychelles2.00 Positive decrease 1.005 July 2021[84] 3.91 -1.91
 Sierra Leone19.25 Negative increase 0.5010 July 2023[85] 14.77 4.48
 Sint Maarten5.50 Negative increase 0.7510 March 2023[86]
 South Africa8.25 Negative increase 0.5026 May 2023[87] 4.34 3.91
 South Korea3.50 Negative increase 0.2513 January 2023[88] 1.31 2.19
 South Sudan 15.00 Negative increase 3.00 22 March 2023[89] 73.91 -58.91
 Sri Lanka9.00 Positive decrease 1.0024 November 2023[90] 4.97 4.03
 Sudan 100.90
 Suriname 10.00 Negative increase 1.00 September 18, 2013 24.53 -14.53
 Sweden4.00 Negative increase 0.2527 September 2023[91] 1.66 2.34
  Switzerland1.75 Negative increase 0.2523 June 2023[92] 0.31 1.44
 Taiwan1.875 Negative increase 0.12524 March 2023[93] 0.91 0.965
 Tajikistan10.00 Positive decrease 1.001 May 2023[94] 7.10 2.90
 Thailand2.50 Negative increase 0.2527 September 2023[95] 0.49 2.01
 Trinidad and Tobago3.50 Positive decrease 1.5017 March 2020[96] 1.11 2.39
 Tunisia8.00 Negative increase 0.752 January 2023[97] 6.14 1.86
 Turkey40.00 Negative increase 5.0023 November 2023[98] 14.38 25.62
 Uganda9.50 Positive decrease 0.5015 August 2023[99] 3.11 6.39
 Ukraine15.00 Positive decrease 1.0015 December 2023 [100] 9.11 5.89
 UAE5.40 Negative increase 0.2526 July 2023[12] 0.61 4.79
 United Kingdom5.25 Negative increase 0.253 August 2023[101] 2.00 3.25
 United States5.50 Negative increase 0.5026 July 2023[102] 2.46 3.04
 Uruguay9.50 Positive decrease 0.505 October 2023[103] 7.80 1.70
 Uzbekistan14.00 Positive decrease 1.0017 March 2023[104] 13.95 0.05
 Vietnam5.50 Positive decrease 0.503 April 2023[105] 3.02 2.48
West African States3.25 Negative increase 0.2516 September 2023[106]
 Zambia11.00 Negative increase 1.0022 November 2023[107] 12.25 -1.25
 Zimbabwe150.00 Positive decrease 50.002 February 2023[108] 183.31 -33.31


References

  1. ↑ "Inflation, consumer prices (annual %) | Data". data.worldbank.org. Retrieved 7 December 2019.
  2. ↑ "Report for Selected Countries and Subjects". www.imf.org. Retrieved 7 December 2019.
  3. ↑ "The Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) Meeting" (PDF). Da Afghanistan Bank. 24 July 2021. Retrieved 30 July 2023.
  4. ↑ "Latest monetary policy decision and calendar". Bank of Albania. Retrieved 11 November 2023.
  5. ↑ "TENDANCES MONETAIRES ET FINANCIERES - Premier Semestre 2022" (PDF). Bank of Algeria (in French). p. 29. Retrieved 14 March 2023.
  6. ↑ "Angola central bank hikes rates as inflation continues to climb". Reuters. 21 November 2023. Retrieved 26 November 2023.
  7. ↑ Otaola, Jorge (12 October 2023). "Argentina central bank hikes key rate to 133% as inflation worsens". Reuters.
  8. ↑ "MP Instruments Interest Rates". Central Bank of Armenia. Retrieved 16 December 2023.
  9. ↑ "Cash Rate Target". Reserve Bank of Australia. Retrieved 11 November 2023.
  10. ↑ "Central Bank of Azerbaijan lowers interest rate". News.Az Online News Agency. 1 November 2023.
  11. ↑ "Money & Credit Aggregates". Central Bank of The Bahamas. Retrieved 3 February 2023.
  12. 1 2 3 4 Derhally, Massoud A (26 July 2023). "Gulf central banks raise interest rates as Fed benchmark hits 22-year high". The National News.
  13. ↑ "Bangladesh Bank ends rate cap, hikes policy rate by 50 basis points". The Business Standard. 18 June 2023.
  14. ↑ "Central Bank of Barbados Announces Monetary Policy Measures". Central Bank of Barbados. 30 March 2020. Retrieved 4 February 2023.
  15. ↑ "Belarus' central bank to cut down refinancing rate to 9.75% on 31 May". belarus.by. 22 May 2023.
  16. ↑ "LA TASA DE REFERENCIA (TRE) EN MONEDA NACIONAL DISMINUYE A 2,77% PARA EL MES DE JULIO". Banco Central de Bolivia (in Spanish). Retrieved 1 August 2023.
  17. ↑ "Monetary Policy Committee Decision - December 7, 2023". Bank of Botswana. 7 December 2023.
  18. ↑ "Copom reduces the Selic rate to 11.75% p.a." Banco Central do Brasil. 13 December 2023.
  19. ↑ "Press Release". Bulgarian National Bank. 30 November 2023.
  20. ↑ "Policy interest rate". Bank of Canada.
  21. ↑ "Comunicado do Banco de Cabo Verde sobre a orientação da Política Monetária - 08 de maio de 2023" (PDF). Banco de Cabo Verde (in Portuguese). 8 May 2023. Retrieved 1 August 2023.
  22. ↑ "COMITE DE POLITIQUE MONETAIRE Séance du 27 mars 2023 COMMUNIQUE DE PRESSE" (PDF). Bank of Central African States (in French). 27 March 2023. Retrieved 27 April 2023.
  23. ↑ Cambero, Fabian; O'Boyle, Brendan (26 October 2023). "Chile cuts rate less than expected, flags geopolitical risks". Reuters.
  24. ↑ Hoskins, Peter (21 August 2023). "China cuts key interest rate as recovery falters". BBC News.
  25. ↑ "The Board of Directors of Banco de la República decided to increase the monetary policy rate by majority vote by 25 basis points (bps) bringing it to 13.25%". Banco de la República. 28 April 2023. Retrieved 28 May 2023.
  26. ↑ "Tasa de política monetaria". Banco Central de Costa Rica. Retrieved 27 October 2023.
  27. ↑ "Taux Directeur (Prêt à Court Terme)". Banque Centrale du Congo (in French). Retrieved 19 June 2023.
  28. ↑ "Monetary policy stance tightened further: CBCS raises pledging rate to 5,50" (PDF). Centrale Bank van Curaçao en Sint Maarten. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
  29. ↑ "Bank Board decisions". Czech National Bank. Retrieved 5 February 2023.
  30. ↑ "Official interest rates". Danmarks Nationalbank. Retrieved 18 September 2023.
  31. ↑ "CBDR reduces its monetary policy rate by 25 basis points, from 7.25 % to 7.00 % per annum". Banco Central República Dominicana (in Spanish). 30 November 2023.
  32. ↑ "Communiqué of the 1st Special Meeting of the Monetary Council of the Eastern Caribbean Central Bank". Eastern Caribbean Central Bank. 3 May 2020. Retrieved 2 August 2023.
  33. ↑ "MPC decided to raise key policy rates by 100 bps". Central Bank of Egypt. 3 August 2023.
  34. ↑ "Monetary Policy Statement – July 2023". Central Bank of Eswatini. 21 July 2023.
  35. ↑ "Key ECB interest rates". European Central Bank. Retrieved 15 September 2023.
  36. ↑ "Press Release No 07 – RBF Reduces Overnight Policy Rate". Reserve Bank of Fiji. 18 March 2020. Retrieved 4 February 2023.
  37. ↑ "Monetary Policy Rate". Central Bank of The Gambia. Retrieved 2 September 2023.
  38. ↑ "Monetary Policy Rate". National Bank of Georgia. Retrieved 15 September 2023.
  39. ↑ "Policy Rate Trends". Bank of Ghana. Retrieved 29 July 2023.
  40. ↑ "LA JUNTA MONETARIA AUMENTA LA TASA DE INTERÉS LÍDER DE POLÍTICA MONETARIA DE 4.75% A 5.00%" (PDF). Banco de Guatemala (in Spanish). 26 April 2023. Retrieved 2 August 2023.
  41. ↑ "EL BANCO CENTRAL DE HONDURAS MANTIENE LA TASA DE POLÍTICA MONETARIA" (PDF). Banco Central de Honduras (in Spanish). Retrieved 30 October 2021.
  42. ↑ "Adjustment of the Base Rate". Hong Kong Monetary Authority. 27 July 2023.
  43. ↑ "Press release on the Monetary Council meeting of 21 November 2023". Hungarian National Bank. 21 November 2023.
  44. ↑ "Statement of the Monetary Policy Committee 23 August 2023". Central Bank of Iceland. 23 August 2023.
  45. ↑ "Monetary Policy Statement, 2022-23 Resolution of the Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) February 6-8, 2023". Reserve Bank of India. 8 February 2023.
  46. ↑ "BI 7-day (Reverse) Repo Rate". Bank Indonesia. Retrieved 27 October 2023.
  47. ↑ "Iran officially raises interest rate to 23%". ParsToday. 31 January 2023. Retrieved 4 February 2023.
  48. ↑ "The Monetary Committee decides on May 22, 2023 to increase the interest rate by 0.25 percentage points to 4.75 percent". Bank of Israel. 22 May 2023.
  49. ↑ "Monetary Policy Decisions & Schedule". Bank of Jamaica. Retrieved 6 February 2023.
  50. ↑ "Bank of Japan maintains ultra-low rates, warns it is closely watching yen moves". CNBC. 22 June 2022. Retrieved 29 March 2023.
  51. ↑ "Monetary Policy Interest Rates". Central Bank of Jordan. Retrieved 29 July 2023.
  52. ↑ "The base rate reduced to 15.75 %". National Bank of Kazakhstan. 24 November 2023. Retrieved 26 November 2023.
  53. ↑ "PRESS RELEASE MONETARY POLICY COMMITTEE MEETING" (PDF). Central Bank of Kenya. 5 December 2023.
  54. ↑ Derhally, Massoud A (26 July 2023). "Gulf central banks raise interest rates as Fed benchmark hits 22-year high". The National News.
  55. ↑ "Policy rate of the National Bank of the Kyrgyz Republic". National Bank of the Kyrgyz Republic. Retrieved 6 February 2023.
  56. ↑ "REPO RATE". Banque du Liban. 8 May 2023.
  57. ↑ "Statement of the monetary policy committee" (PDF). Central Bank of Lesotho. 29 May 2023.
  58. ↑ "Malawi c.bank raises main lending rate by 400 bps to 18%". Nyasa Times. 31 July 2023.
  59. ↑ "Monetary Policy Statement". Bank Negara Malaysia. 3 May 2023.
  60. ↑ "Key Rate". Bank of Mauritius. Retrieved 3 February 2023.
  61. ↑ "Monetary Policy Statement" (PDF). Banco de México. 30 March 2023.
  62. ↑ "NBM Interest rates". National Bank of Moldova. Retrieved 11 November 2023.
  63. ↑ "Monetary policy statement - 2022-05". Mongolbank. 16 December 2022. Retrieved 6 February 2023.
  64. ↑ Karam, Souhail; El-Tablawy, Tarek (21 March 2023). "Morocco Hikes Rate to Extend Tightening Cycle to New Record". Bloomberg.
  65. ↑ "Policy rate increases to 17.25%". Banco de Moçambique. Retrieved 5 February 2023.
  66. ↑ "Repo rate increases from 7.25 to 7.75 percent" (PDF). Bank of Namibia. 14 June 2023.
  67. ↑ "Official Cash Rate (OCR) set to remain restrictive". Reserve Bank of New Zealand. 24 May 2023.
  68. ↑ "BCN establece TRM en 7.0 por ciento". Banco Central de Nicaragua (in Spanish). Retrieved 4 February 2023.
  69. ↑ "Central Bank of Nigeria Communiqué No. 149 of the Monetary Policy Committee" (PDF). Central Bank of Nigeria. 25 July 2023.
  70. ↑ Petrushevska, Dragana (20 August 2023). "N. Macedonia's c-bank raises policy rate to 6.30%". seenews.com.
  71. ↑ "Policy rate raised to 4.5 percent". Norges Bank. 14 December 2023.
  72. ↑ "Monetary Policy Statement" (PDF). State Bank of Pakistan. 26 June 2023.
  73. ↑ "KINA FACILITY RATE FOR SEPTEMBER 2023" (PDF). Bank of Papua New Guinea. September 2023. Retrieved 15 September 2023.
  74. ↑ Parks, Ken (22 November 2023). "Paraguay Accelerates Easing Pace With Surprise Half-Point Rate Cut". BNN Bloomberg. Retrieved 26 November 2023.
  75. ↑ "MONETARY POLICY STATEMENT DECEMBER 2023 BCRP REDUCED THE REFERENCE RATE TO 6.75%" (PDF). Central Reserve Bank of Peru. 16 December 2023.
  76. ↑ "BSP rates". Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas. Retrieved 16 December 2023.
  77. ↑ "Poland's central bank cuts interest rates for the second time in month". Associated Press. 4 October 2023.
  78. ↑ "Monetary Policy Committee Decision On Monetary Policy Instruments July 2023". Qatar Central Bank. 26 July 2023.
  79. ↑ "Monetary Policy and Standing Facilities Interest Rates". Banca Naţională a României. Retrieved 6 February 2023.
  80. ↑ "Bank of Russia increases key rate by 100 bp to 16.00% p.a." Central Bank of Russia. 15 December 2023.
  81. ↑ "Rwanda raises interest rate to keep inflation on downward path". Reuters. 17 August 2023.
  82. ↑ "Welcome to the Central Bank of Samoa - Key statistics". Central Bank of Samoa. Retrieved 23 September 2023.
  83. ↑ "Key policy rate raised to 6.5%". National Bank of Serbia. 13 July 2023.
  84. ↑ "Seychelles central bank cuts policy rate by 100 basis points". centralbanking.
  85. ↑ "Monetary Policy Statement" (PDF). Bank of Sierra Leone. Retrieved 5 August 2023.
  86. ↑ "Monetary policy stance tightened further: CBCS raises pledging rate to 5,50" (PDF). Centrale Bank van Curaçao en Sint Maarten. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
  87. ↑ "Current Market Rates". South African Reserve Bank. Retrieved 26 May 2023.
  88. ↑ "Monetary Policy Decision & Opening Remarks to the Press Conference (January 13, 2023)". Bank of Korea. 13 January 2023. Retrieved 2 February 2023.
  89. ↑ "BoSS' Press Conference on Macroeconomic Developments". Bank of South Sudan. 23 March 2023. Retrieved 28 October 2023.
  90. ↑ "Monetary Policy Review - No. 8 of 2023". Central Bank of Sri Lanka. 24 November 2023.
  91. ↑ "Policy rate, deposit and lending rate". Sveriges Riksbank. Retrieved 23 September 2023.
  92. ↑ "Current interest rates and exchange rates". Swiss National Bank. Retrieved 22 June 2023.
  93. ↑ "Discount Rate". Central Bank of the Republic of China (Taiwan). Retrieved 23 March 2023.
  94. ↑ "Monetary policy rates (% per annum)". National Bank of Tajikistan. Retrieved 30 July 2023.
  95. ↑ "Monetary Policy Committee's Decision 5/2023". Bank of Thailand. 27 September 2023.
  96. ↑ "CENTRAL BANK REDUCES REPO RATE BY 150 BASIS POINTS; LOWERS RESERVE REQUIREMENT BY 3 PER CENT" (PDF). Central Bank of Trinidad and Tobago. 17 March 2020. Retrieved 6 August 2023.
  97. ↑ "Press Release of the BCT Executive Board Meeting Held On 30 December 2022". Banque Centrale de Tunisie. 30 December 2022.
  98. ↑ "Press Release on Interest Rates (2023-45)". Türkiye Cumhuriyet Merkez Bankası. 23 November 2023.
  99. ↑ "Monetary Policy Statement for August 2023" (PDF). Bank of Uganda. 15 August 2023.
  100. ↑ "NBU Key Policy Rate". National Bank of Ukraine. Retrieved 16 December 2023.
  101. ↑ "Interest rates and Bank Rate". Bank of England. Retrieved 4 August 2023.
  102. ↑ "Federal Reserve issues FOMC statement". Federal Reserve. 26 July 2023.
  103. ↑ Parks, Ken (5 October 2023). "Uruguay Slows Easing Pace With Half-Point Interest Rate Cut". BNN Bloomberg.
  104. ↑ "Policy rate levels". Central Bank of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Retrieved 9 February 2023.
  105. ↑ "Interest Rate". State Bank of Vietnam. Retrieved 31 March 2023.
  106. ↑ "Communiqué de presse de la réunion ordinaire du Comité de Politique Monétaire de la BCEAO du 6 septembre 2023". Central Bank of West African States (in French). 1 March 2023. Retrieved 6 September 2023.
  107. ↑ "Monetary Policy Statement Committee". Bank of Zambia. 22 November 2023. Retrieved 26 November 2023.
  108. ↑ "Zimbabwe cuts policy rate to 150% as inflation falls". The Zimbabwe Mail. 2 February 2023.
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