Sovereign states
A
Adal – Adal Sultanate
Ahom – Ahom Kingdom- Aïr – Terene Sultanate of Aïr
- Airgíalla
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Ajuran – Ajuran Sultanate
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Alodia – Kingdom of Alodia- Amber – Kingdom of Amber
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Ancona – Republic of Ancona.svg.png.webp)
Andorra – Principality of Andorra
Aragon – Crown of Aragon- Ava – Kingdom of Ava
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Ayutthaya – Kingdom of Ayutthaya
Aztec – Aztec Empire
B
- Bahmani – Bahmani Sultanate
- Bajhang – Kingdom of Bajhang
- Bamum – Kingdom of Bamum
- Banggai – Kingdom of Banggai
- Banu Sulaym
- Bastar – Bastar State
Béarn – Principality of Béarn- Bengal – Sultanate of Bengal
- Benin – Kingdom of Benin
- Bone – Bone Sultanate
- Bonoman
- Borgu Kingdoms
Bornu – Bornu Empire
Bosnia – Kingdom of Bosnia.svg.png.webp)
Brittany – Duchy of Brittany
Brunei – Bruneian Empire- Bundi – Bundi State
Burgundy – Duchy of Burgundy- Butua – Kingdom of Butua
Butuan – Rajahnate of Butuan
C
- Caboloan
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Cambodia – Kingdom of Cambodia
Carbery – Barony of Carbery.svg.png.webp)
Castile – Crown of Castile- Cebu
- Chamba – Chamba State
- Champa – Kingdom of Champa
- Chandrapur
- Chaudand
- Chimor – Kingdom of Chimor
- China – Empire of the Great Ming
- Chudasama – Chudasama dynasty
Chutiya – Chutiya Kingdom
Clandeboye- Clanricarde
Cospaia – Republic of Cospaia
Crimea – Crimean Khanate- Cutch – Cutch State
Cyprus – Kingdom of Cyprus
D
- Đại Việt – Kingdom of Đại Việt
- Damot – Kingdom of Damot
- Daya
Delhi – Delhi Sultanate- Desmond – Kingdom of Desmond
- Dhor – Kingdom of Dhor
- Didoya
- Dizak – Principality of Dizak
- Dulkadiroğulları – Beylik of Dulkadir
- Durdzuketia
E
East Breifne – Kingdom of East Breifne
England – Kingdom of England
Epirus – Despotate of Epirus- Ethiopia – Ethiopian Empire
F
Fermanagh.svg.png.webp)
Ferrara – Duchy of Ferrara
Foix – County of Foix- Four Oirat – Alliance of the Four Oirats
France – Kingdom of France
G
- Gajapati – Gajapati Empire
- Galuh – Galuh Kingdom
- Garha – Garha Kingdom
- Garhwal – Garhwal Kingdom
- Gazikumukh – Gazikumukh Shamkhalate
Genoa – Republic of Genoa
Georgia – Kingdom of Georgia
Golden Horde – Ulus of Jochi- Gowa – Sultanate of Gowa
Granada – Emirate of Granada- Gujarat – Sultanate of Gujarat
- Gulistan – Principality of Gulistan
H
- Hamamshen – Principality of Hamamshen
Hanthawaddy – Kingdom of Hanthawaddy Pegu- Hausa Kingdoms
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Holy Roman Empire- Houara
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Hungary – Kingdom of Hungary
I
- Igala – Igala Kingdom
Imereti – Kingdom of Imereti
Inca Empire – Realm of the Four Parts- Iroquois – Iroquois Confederacy
Iveagh
İsfendiyaroğulları – Beylik of Isfendiyar
J
K
- Kabardia – Principality of Kabardia
- Kachari – Kachari Kingdom
- Kalahandi – Kalahandi State
Kalmar Union- Kamata – Kamata Kingdom
Kangleipak – Kangleipak Kingdom- Kangra – Kangra State
- Kanker – Kanker State
Kara Koyunlu
Karaman – Emirate of Karaman- Kashmir – Shah Mir dynasty of Kashmir
Kastrioti – Principality of Kastrioti
Kazan – Khanate of Kazan- Khachen – Principality of Khachen
- Khandesh – Khandesh Sultanate
Kilwa – Kilwa Sultanate
Kongo – Kingdom of Kongo- Kumaon – Kumaon Kingdom
L
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M
Mac William Íochtar- Madja-as – Confederation of Madja-as
- Magh Luirg
Majapahit – Majapahit Empire- Malacca – Malacca Sultanate
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Maldives – Sultanate of the Maldives
Mali – Mali Empire- Malwa – Malwa Sultanate
Mamluks – Mamluk Sultanate- Marwar – Kingdom of Marwar
- Maya civilization
- Maynila – Rajahnate of Maynila
- Mewar – Kingdom of Mewar
- Mewat – Khanzadas of Mewat
Moghulistan – Eastern Chagatai Khanate_(1554-1659).svg.png.webp)
Morocco – Sultanate of Morocco- Mossi Kingdoms
- Mrauk U – Kingdom of Mrauk U
- Muisca – Muisca Confederation
- Mutapa – Kingdom of Mutapa
N
Naples – Kingdom of Naples.svg.png.webp)
Navarre – Kingdom of Navarre- Nepal – Malla dynasty of Nepal
- Ngoyo
Nogai Horde- Northern Yuan
Novgorod – Novgorod Republic- Nri – Kingdom of Nri
- Nupe – Nupe Kingdom
O
Oman – Imamate of Oman- Ossetia
Ossory – Kingdom of Ossory
Ottoman Empire – Sublime Ottoman State- Oyo – Oyo Empire
P
- Pagaruyung – Pagaruyung Kingdom
Pallars Sobirà – County of Pallars Sobirà.svg.png.webp)
Papal States – State of the Church- Patna – Patna State
Poland – Kingdom of Poland
Portugal – Kingdom of Portugal and the Algarves
Pskov – Pskov Republic
R
Ragusa – Republic of Ragusa- Raigama – Kingdom of Raigama
- Ramazanoğulları – Emirate of Ramadan
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Rhodes – Order of Saint John- Rinpungpa
- Ryukyu – Ryukyu Kingdom
S
- Samudera Pasai – Samudera Pasai Sultanate
- San Marino – Republic of San Marino
Scotland – Kingdom of Scotland- Senarica – Republic of Senarica
- Shan States
- Showa – Sultanate of Showa
Sindh – Samma dynasty of Sindh
Sri Lanka – Kingdom of Kotte- Suket – Suket State
- Sunda – Sunda Kingdom
T
Tarascan – Tarascan State- Tarki – Shamkhalate of Tarki
- Ternate – Sultanate of Ternate
Teutonic Order – State of the Teutonic Order
Theodoro – Principality of Theodoro
Thomond – Kingdom of Thomond
Tibet – Phagmodrupa dynasty of Tibet- Tidore – Sultanate of Tidore
Timurid Empire
Tír Eoghain
Tlaxcala – Confederacy of Tlaxcala.svg.png.webp)
Tlemcen – Zayyanid Kingdom of Tlemcen- Tondo
Trebizond – Empire of Trebizond.svg.png.webp)
Tunis – Sultanate of Tunis- Tunjur – Tunjur Kingdom
- Twipra – Twipra Kingdom
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Tyrconnell
U
- Uí Díarmata
- Uí Failghe – Kingdom of Uí Failghe
Uí Maine
Umhaill
Urbino – Lordship of Urbino- Usfurids
- Uzbek Khanate
V
- Varanda – Principality of Varanda
Venice – Republic of Venice- Vijayanagara – Vijayanagara Empire
- Vijaypur
W
- Wagadugu
- Wajo – Wajo Kingdom
- Warsangali – Warsangali Sultanate
West Breifne – Kingdom of West Breifne
West Connacht
Y
- Yemen – Tahirid dynasty of Yemen
Z
- Zapotec civilization
Zeta – Principality of Zeta
Holy Roman Empire
The Holy Roman Empire was a highly decentralized collection of polities.
Non-sovereign territories
States claiming sovereignty
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