Åland Swedish
RegionÅland
EthnicityFennoswedes
Indo-European
Language codes
ISO 639-3–
Glottologalan1247
IETFsv-AX
Commemorative stone of Åland's autonomy. The small text reads: Högt skall det klinga vårt svenska språk – Loudly shall it sound, our Swedish language.

Åland dialects (Swedish: åländska) are dialects of Swedish spoken in Åland, an autonomous province of Finland. The Åland dialects have similarities to both Finland Swedish and the historical dialects of Uppland, but are generally considered to be part of Eastern Swedish (östsvenska mål, varieties of Swedish spoken in Finland and Estonia).

Swedish is the sole official language of Åland,[1] and its status is protected in the självstyrelselag, a law that guarantees the islands' autonomy within Finland.

Phonology

As in Finland Swedish, the tonal word accent that distinguishes certain minimal pairs is not present in Åland. Thus Central Swedish [ˈǎnːdɛn] ('the duck') and [ˈânːdɛn] ('the spirit') are both pronounced [ˈanːdɛn].[2]

Characteristics

Certain expressions are typical of Åland dialects. For example, the double genitive in Vemses flicka/pojke är du då? ("Whose's girl/boy are you?" (Vems flicka/pojke är du då in Standard Swedish)) carries the implication that the asker might know the parents of the person asked, likely in a small society such as Åland. Another characteristic is the substitution of inte (not) with inga (no, nobody, none; in Standard Swedish a plural form): Jag har inga varit där ("I have not been there").

A feature that Åland shares with Finland Swedish is the reduction of the words inte (not), skulle (should) and måste (must) to int, sku and måst respectively.[2]

Vocabulary

The dialectal vocabulary of Åland Swedish is composed of words that are either characteristic of Eastern Swedish or have passed out of use (but are still understood) in the Swedish spoken in Sweden. Traces of Finnish, Russian and English can also be found in the dialect because of historical contact.[2]

Below is a selection of dialectal words and expressions used in Åland Swedish:[2]

Åland SwedishStandard SwedishTranslationNotes
batting n.(trä)regelbattenbatting in standard Swedish means baby. Probably from English batten.
batteri n.(värme)elementradiatorbatteri in standard Swedish means battery.
butka n.fängelsejailFrom Russian будка (cf. Finnish putka)
byka v.tvätta (kläder)wash clothesFrom byk, laundry. Byk is archaic in Sweden (cf. Finnish pyykki).
bykmaskin n.tvättmaskinwashing machineSee above
egnahemshus n.villa(detached) houseA semantic loan from Finnish omakotitalo, 'own home house'
jo interj.jayeahVariant form in Sweden, an affirmative answer to a negative question or statement, cf. French si
julgubbe n.jultomteSanta Claus
jåla v.tramsa, prata struntfool around, talk rubbish
nojsa v.bråka, tjata, föra oväsenkick up a fuss, nag, make a noiseArchaic in Sweden. From English noise
Nåssådå! exp.——Consoling expression used when something does not go as expected
si v.seseeÅland Swedish pronunciation of se (see Swedish phonology)
Siddu barra! exp.lit. Ser du bara, i.e. Ser man påJust watch
småkusin n.sysslingsecond cousinPossibly a semantic loan from Finnish pikkuserkku, 'small cousin'
stöpsel n.stickproppelectric plugFrom Russian штепсель (shtepsel), ultimately from German Stöpsel ('cork')
tövla v.vara klumpig, fumligbe clumsy, fumbling
vilig adj.riktigt bravery good, awesome
ämbar n.hinkbucketArchaic in Sweden. Word borrowed from Low German, derived from Latin amphora.

Differences between dialects in Western and Eastern Åland

The Western Åland dialect is characterized by its connection to the dialects of eastern Uppland (Roslagen). This applies especially to the municipality of Eckerö. There are several similarities between Eckerö's and Roslagen's dialects, including the initial h-drop whereby, for example, hus, hitta, and halm are pronounced as "us", "itta", and "alm" and an h sound is atypically inserted before the words ösa and eta (äta), producing "hösa" and "heta", respectively. On the other hand, the Eastern Åland dialects share features with Swedish dialects in Åboland and southern Ostrobothnia.

Between the dialects of Western and Eastern Åland, there are also several distinctions in vocabulary. For example, in Western Åland, as well as in Uppland, the verb krypa and the adjective kullig are used. The corresponding words in Eastern Åland are kräka and snuvig.

Samples of dialects

Eckerö-dialect (West Åland) recorded in 2006 (see file för transcription).[3]

Föglö-dialect (East Åland) recorded in 1971 by Per Henrik Solstrand.[4]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Självstyrelselag för Åland 16.8.1991/1144 – 36 §. Retrieved 10 April 2009.
  2. 1 2 3 4 Åländska ord och uttryck. Bibliotek.ax. Retrieved 10 April 2009. Archived 6 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine
  3. ↑ "Intervju med äldre kvinna från Eckerö (2006)". Svenska litteratursällskapet i Finland. 2006.
  4. ↑ "Äldre inspelning från Föglö (1971)". Svenska litteratursällskapet i Finland. 1960.

Bibliography

  • Andersson, Sven. Notlage, notlösare och notgår: ordens betydelse i åländska folkmål. Part of Skrifter utgivna av Historiska samfundet i Åbo. 1954. pp. 18–30.
  • Ramsdahl, Carl. Ryska lånord i åländskan. 1976.
  • Sundberg, Eva. Dialekten i Ålands nordöstra skärgård. Mariehamn 1993.
  • Svenblad, Ralf. Med åländska ord. Mariehamn 1996.
  • Willandt, August. Åländskt bygdemål. 1919.
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