| Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
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| Decades: | |
| Years: |
January 11: The Earl of Moray, regent of Scotland, is fatally wounded by a gunshot fired from a window as he is riding through Lithlingow (depiction at stained-glass window at St. Giles Church in Edinburgh) [1]
| 1570 by topic |
|---|
| Arts and science |
| Leaders |
|
| Birth and death categories |
| Births – Deaths |
| Establishments and disestablishments categories |
| Establishments – Disestablishments |
| Works category |
|
| Gregorian calendar | 1570 MDLXX |
| Ab urbe condita | 2323 |
| Armenian calendar | 1019 ԹՎ ՌԺԹ |
| Assyrian calendar | 6320 |
| Balinese saka calendar | 1491–1492 |
| Bengali calendar | 977 |
| Berber calendar | 2520 |
| English Regnal year | 12 Eliz. 1 – 13 Eliz. 1 |
| Buddhist calendar | 2114 |
| Burmese calendar | 932 |
| Byzantine calendar | 7078–7079 |
| Chinese calendar | 己巳年 (Earth Snake) 4267 or 4060 — to — 庚午年 (Metal Horse) 4268 or 4061 |
| Coptic calendar | 1286–1287 |
| Discordian calendar | 2736 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1562–1563 |
| Hebrew calendar | 5330–5331 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | 1626–1627 |
| - Shaka Samvat | 1491–1492 |
| - Kali Yuga | 4670–4671 |
| Holocene calendar | 11570 |
| Igbo calendar | 570–571 |
| Iranian calendar | 948–949 |
| Islamic calendar | 977–978 |
| Japanese calendar | Eiroku 13 / Genki 1 (元亀元年) |
| Javanese calendar | 1489–1490 |
| Julian calendar | 1570 MDLXX |
| Korean calendar | 3903 |
| Minguo calendar | 342 before ROC 民前342年 |
| Nanakshahi calendar | 102 |
| Thai solar calendar | 2112–2113 |
| Tibetan calendar | 阴土蛇年 (female Earth-Snake) 1696 or 1315 or 543 — to — 阳金马年 (male Iron-Horse) 1697 or 1316 or 544 |
Abraham Ortelius publishes the first modern atlas.
Year 1570 (MDLXX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
January–March
- January 8 – Ivan the Terrible begins the Massacre of Novgorod.[2]
- January 23 – The assassination of Scottish regent James Stewart, 1st Earl of Moray, by James Hamilton, the first known shooting of a national leader, throws Scotland into civil war. Having loaded a carbine rifle and carried it into the Linlithgow home of his uncle, the Archbishop of St Andrews, Hamilton stands at an upstairs window overlooking the street where Moray will ride by on horseback as part of cavalcade. Once Moray comes into range, Hamilton fires and fatally wounds the regent for King James VI.[3]
- February 8 – An estimated 8.3 magnitude earthquake occurs in Concepción, Chile.[4]
- February 5 – Venus occults Jupiter; this will next happen in 1818.[5]
- March 28 – The ambassador of the Ottoman Sultan Selim II goes before the governing Council of the Venetian Republic and requests that Venice surrender the island of Cyprus.[6] The Council rejects the demand and prepares to go to war with the Ottoman Empire.
April–June
- April 7 – In Scotland, Colin Campbell of Glenorchy receives permission from the Regent, the Earl of Morton, to execute the chief of Clan Gregor, his son-in-law Gregor Roy MacGregor,[7] and carries out MacGregor's beheading at Balloch in front of the Earl of Atholl.
- April 27 – Pope Pius V excommunicates Queen Elizabeth I of England, and all persons who show allegiance to her, with the bull Regnans in Excelsis.[8]
- May 20 – Abraham Ortelius publishes the first modern atlas, Theatrum Orbis Terrarum, in Antwerp.[9]
- May 24 – Battle of Manila: The Spanish, led by Martín de Goiti, defeat the forces of Raja Sulayman.[10]
- June 10 – The Kingdom of Livonia is established.[11]
July–September
- July 3 – The Ottoman conquest of Cyprus begins as more than 350 Ottoman ships and over 60,000 troops land near Larnaca and then march toward the Cypriot capital, Nicosia.[12]
- July 14 – Pope Pius V issues Quo primum, promulgating the 1570 edition of the Roman Missal.[13]
- July 22 –
- Thomson Snell & Passmore is founded, the oldest law firm in operation.
- The siege of Nicosia by the Ottoman Empire begins in Cyprus and lasts for seven weeks.[12]
- July 30 – Battle of Anegawa: The allied forces of Oda Nobunaga and Tokugawa Ieyasu defeat the combined forces of the Azai and Asakura clans.[14]
- August 8 – The Peace of Saint-Germain ends the Third War of Religion in France. Again, the Huguenots are promised religious freedom and political autonomy.[15]
- August 16 – The Treaty of Speyer is signed between John Sigismund Zápolya, Prince of Transylvania and Maximilian II, King of Hungary.[16]
- September 9 – Nicosia falls to the Turks under the command of General Lala Mustafa Pasha. After the Ottomans breach the walls, the Venetian defenders are massacred and the women and boys are sold into slavery.[12]
- September 10 – A party of ten Spanish Jesuit missionaries land on the Virginia Peninsula of North America to establish the Ajacán Mission, which will be massacred in February 1571.[17]
October–December
- October 3 – Princess Anna of Austria arrives in Spain to become the Queen Consort of Spain as the bride of her uncle King Philip of Spain,[18] whom she had married by proxy on May 4.[19] Having traveled through the Netherlands, she asks King Philip to spare the life of the rebel Floris of Montmorency, but the King arranges the strangulation of Floris on October 14.
- November 17 – A major earthquake strikes the Italian city of Ferrara at 3:00 in the morning local time, destroying 40 percent of the buildings in the city, but causing only 171 deaths.[20] After the initial shocks, a sequence of aftershocks continue for four years, with over 2,000 in the period from November 1570 to February 1571.[21]
- December 13 – The Treaty of Stettin ends the Northern Seven Years' War.[22]
Date unknown
- Spanish conquistador Juan de Salcedo (in the service of Miguel López de Legazpi) begins the conquest of the Kingdom of Maynila.[23]
- Construction of the original Catedral Nuestra Señora de La Asunción, the oldest church in Venezuela, begins.[24]
- The Whitechapel Bell Foundry is known to be in existence in London.[25][26] By 2017, when it closes its premises in Whitechapel, it will be the oldest manufacturing company in Great Britain.
- Andrea Palladio publishes I quattro libri dell'architettura in Venice.[27]
- Volcanic eruption in the Santorini caldera begins.[28]
- The Andean population of the Viceroyalty of Peru reaches 1.3 million.[29]
Births
- January 1 – Dorothea of Brunswick-Lüneburg, Spouse of Charles I, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld (d. 1649)[30]
- January 19 – Wolfgang Hirschbach, German legal scholar (d. 1620)
- March 25 – Henry Lennard, 12th Baron Dacre, English baron and politician (d. 1616)[31]
- April 13 – Guy Fawkes, English conspirator (d. 1606)[32]
- May 8 – Tamás Esterházy, Hungarian writer (d. 1616)
- May 22 – Johann II, Duke of Saxe-Weimar, German duke (d. 1605)[33]
- June 7 – Sultan Murad Mirza, Mughal prince (d. 1599)[34]
- June 13 – Paul Peuerl, German organist (d. 1625)[35]
- August 10 – Philip, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp (1587–1590) (d. 1590)[36]
- August 19 – Salamone Rossi, Italian violinist and composer (d. 1630)[37]
- August 21 – Christopher, Duke of Brunswick-Harburg, co-ruler of Brunswick-Lüneburg-Harburg (1603–1606) (d. 1606)[38]
- August 22 – Franz von Dietrichstein, German Catholic bishop (d. 1636)[39]
- August 31 – Gustav of Saxe-Lauenburg, German noble (d. 1597)[40]
- October 3 – George Coke, British bishop (d. 1646)[41]
- October 4 – Péter Pázmány, Hungarian cardinal and statesman (d. 1637)[42][43]
- October 7 – Volkert Overlander, Dutch mayor (d. 1630)
- November 1 – Phineas Pett, English shipwright and member of the Pett Dynasty (d. 1647)[44]
- November 15 – Francesco Curradi, Italian painter (d. 1661)[45]
- November 20 – Giovanni Battista Agucchi, Italian churchman, papal diplomat, and writer on art theory (d. 1632)[46]
- November 26 – Christian, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Ærø (1622–1633) (d. 1633)[47]
- November 28 – James Whitelocke, English judge (d. 1632)[48]
- December 7 – Richard Cecil, English politician (d. 1633)[49]
- December 29 – Wilhelm Lamormaini, Luxembourgian theologian (d. 1648)[50]
- date unknown
- Diego Aduarte, Prior of Manila (d. 1637)[51]
- Robert Aytoun, Scottish poet (d. 1638)[52]
- Ebba Bielke, Swedish baroness and conspirator (d. 1618)[53]
- John Cooper, English composer and lutenist (d. 1626)[54]
- Simon Grahame, Scottish-born adventurer (d. 1614)[55]
- Nakagawa Hidenari, Japanese daimyō (d. 1612)[56]
- Hans Lippershey, Dutch lensmaker (d. 1619)[57]
- Asprilio Pacelli, Italian Baroque composer (d. 1623)[58]
- Girolamo Rainaldi, Italian architect (d. 1655)[59]
- Claudia Sessa, Italian composer (d. 1617/19)[60]
- Katharina Henot, German General Postmaster and alleged witch (d. 1627)[61]
- Urszula Meyerin, politically influential Polish courtier (d. 1635)[62]
- Christina Rauscher, German official and critic of witchcraft persecutions (d. 1618)
- John Dackombe, Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster (d. 1618)[63]
Deaths
- January 8 – Philibert de l'Orme, French architect (b. 1510)[64]
- February – Henry Balnaves, Scottish politician and religious reformer (b. 1512)[65]
- January 23 – James Stewart, 1st Earl of Moray, regent of Scotland (assassinated) (b. c.1531)[66]
- February 13 – Eleonora Gonzaga, Duchess of Urbino, politically active Italian duchess (b. 1493)
- February 20 – Johannes Scheubel, German mathematician (b. 1494)[67]
- March 1 – Bernhard VII, Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst (b. 1540)
- March 16 – Ippolita Gonzaga, Italian nun (b. 1503)
- April 13 – Daniele Barbaro, Italian architect (b. 1514)[68]
- July 3 – Aonio Paleario, Italian humanist and reformer (executed) (b. c. 1500)[69]
- July 25 – Ivan Mikhailovich Viskovatyi, Russian diplomat[70]
- August 4 – Marie Catherine Gondi, French court official (b. c. 1500)[71]
- September 11 – Johannes Brenz, German theologian and Protestant Reformer (b. 1499)[72]
- October 1 – Frans Floris, Flemish painter (b. 1520)[73]
- October 18 – Manuel da Nóbrega, Portuguese Jesuit missionary in Brazil (b. 1517)[74]
- October 20
- João de Barros, Portuguese historian (b. 1496)[75]
- Francesco Laparelli, Italian architect (b. 1521)
- November – Jacques Grévin, French dramatist (b. 1539)[76]
- November 21 – Ruxandra Lăpușneanu, Moldavian regent (b. 1538)[77]
- November 27 – Jacopo Sansovino, Italian sculptor and architect (b. 1486)[78]
- December 15 – Frederick III of Legnica, Duke of Legnica (b. 1520)[79]
- date unknown
- François Bonivard, Swiss patriot and historian (b. 1496)[80]
- Francesco Primaticcio, Italian painter, architect, and sculptor (b. 1504)[81]
- Tomás de Santa María, Spanish music theorist[82]
- Agostino Gallo, Italian agronomist (b. 1499)[83]
References
- ↑ attribution:Kim Traynor
- ↑ The Gentleman's Magazine. F. Jefferies. 1967. p. 174.
- ↑ "Stewart, James, first earl of Moray (1531/2–1570)", by Mark Loughlin, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (Oxford University Press, 2004) accessed January 24, 2011
- ↑ "GHEA - Global Historical Earthquake Archive". www.emidius.eu. Retrieved December 22, 2023.
- ↑ "List of Mutual Planetary Occultations 2BC to 2250". www.bogan.ca. Retrieved December 22, 2023.
- ↑ Finkel, Caroline (2006). Osman's Dream: The Story of the Ottoman Empire 1300–1923. London: John Murray. p. 160.
- ↑ "Clan Campbell". The University of Edinburgh. July 25, 2023. Retrieved December 22, 2023.
- ↑ Sidney Z. Ehler, Church and State Through the Centuries, (Biblo-Moser, 1988) p.180
- ↑ Marijke Donkersloot-de Vrij; Y. Marijke Donkersloot-De Vrij (1967). The World on Paper: A Descriptive Catalogue of Cartographical Material Published in Amsterdam During the Seventeenth Century. Theatrum Orbis Terrarum. p. 27.
- ↑ Lorelei D. C. De Viana (2001). Three Centuries of Binondo Architecture, 1594-1898: A Socio-historical Perspective. University of Santo Tomas Publishing House. p. 6. ISBN 978-971-506-169-8.
- ↑ Madariaga, Isabel de (September 25, 2006). Ivan the Terrible. Yale University Press. p. 254. ISBN 978-0-300-11973-2. Retrieved December 22, 2023.
- 1 2 3 Turnbull, Stephen (2003). The Ottoman Empire 1326–1699 (Essential Histories Series #62). Osprey Publishing. pp. 57–58.
- ↑ Smolarski, Dennis Chester (2003). The General Instruction of the Roman Missal, 1969-2002: A Commentary. Liturgical Press. p. 6. ISBN 978-0-8146-2936-9. Retrieved December 22, 2023.
- ↑ Glenn, Chris (January 5, 2023). The Samurai Castle Master: Warlord Todo Takatora. Frontline Books. pp. 9–11. ISBN 978-1-3990-9661-4. Retrieved December 23, 2023.
- ↑ Mack P. Holt (October 13, 2005). The French Wars of Religion, 1562–1629. Cambridge University Press. p. 71. ISBN 978-1-139-44767-6.
- ↑ Cservak, Csaba (2023). "The Constitutional Development of Transylvania". Journal on European History of Law. 14 (2): 97–103. ISSN 2042-6402. Retrieved December 23, 2023.
- ↑ Lewis, Clifford; Loomie, Albert (January 1, 1953). The Spanish Jesuit Mission in Virginia, 1570-1572. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. pp. 36, 96, 158. Retrieved December 23, 2023.
- ↑ Mira, Jenaro Alenda y; Roca, Pedro (1903). Relaciones de solemnidades y fiestas públicas de España (in Spanish). Sucesores de Rivadeneyra. p. 79. Retrieved December 24, 2023.
- ↑ Estela, Emilio Callado (August 24, 2021). El advenimiento de la Casa de Austria a los Reinos Hispánicos (in Spanish). Dykinson. p. 397. ISBN 978-84-1377-693-4. Retrieved December 24, 2023.
- ↑ "Terremoto di Ferrara del 1570" from the CFTI5 Catalogue of Strong Earthquakes in Italy (461 BC – 1997) and Mediterranean Area (760 B.C. – 1500) Guidoboni E., Ferrari G., Mariotti D., Comastri A., Tarabusi G., Sgattoni G., Valensise G. (2018) (in Italian)
- ↑ Guidoboni, Emanuela. "Terremoti a Ferrara e nel suo territorio: un rischio sottovalutato". Ferrara, voci di una città. Fondazione Cassa di Risparmio di Ferrara. Retrieved July 21, 2011.
- ↑ Lavery, Jason (January 1, 2002). "The Peace of Stettin (1570–1576)". Germany's Northern Challenge. Brill. pp. 124–144. ISBN 978-90-04-47570-0. Retrieved December 24, 2023.
- ↑ Newson, Linda A. (April 16, 2009). Conquest and Pestilence in the Early Spanish Philippines. University of Hawaii Press. p. 115. ISBN 978-0-8248-6197-1. Retrieved December 24, 2023.
- ↑ Branch, Hilary Dunsterville (1996). Guide to Venezuela. Bradt Publications. p. 135. ISBN 978-1-56440-945-4. Retrieved December 24, 2023.
- ↑ "Big Ben bell foundry plan approved by government". May 14, 2021. Retrieved December 24, 2023.
- ↑ Moore, Rowan (March 3, 2019). "Ringing the changes at the Whitechapel bell foundry". The Observer. Retrieved December 24, 2023.
- ↑ Kim Williams (December 16, 2008). Nexus Network Journal 10,2: Architecture and Mathematics. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 227. ISBN 978-3-7643-8766-2.
- ↑ "Santorini". Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved December 24, 2023.
- ↑ Masterson, Daniel (April 30, 2009). The History of Peru. Bloomsbury Publishing USA. p. 48. ISBN 978-1-57356-746-6. Retrieved January 10, 2024.
- ↑ Georg Lehmann, Johann (1867). Vollständige Geschichte des Herzogthums Zweibrücken und seiner Fürsten (in German). Munich: Christian Railer. p. 518. Retrieved December 24, 2023.
- ↑ Lamb, Francis Joseph (July 1, 2022). Your Ancestry. Green Cat Books. p. 83. ISBN 978-1-913794-39-2. Retrieved January 8, 2024.
- ↑ Chase's Calendar of Events 2014. McGraw Hill Professional. October 4, 2013. p. 221. ISBN 978-0-07-183091-1.
- ↑ Brockhaus' kleines Conversations-lexikon: Encyklopädisches Handwörterbuch (in German). F.A. Brockhaus. 1886. p. 110. Retrieved January 8, 2024.
- ↑ The Jahangirnama: Memoirs of Jahangir, Emperor of India. Freer Gallery of Art, Arthur M. Sackler Gallery. 1999. p. 37. ISBN 978-0-19-512718-8. Retrieved January 9, 2024.
- ↑ Mitteilungen der Österreichischen Gesellschaft für Musikwissenschaft (in German). Österreichische Gesellschaft für Musikwissenschaft. 1973. p. 16. Retrieved January 9, 2024.
- ↑ Hansen, Johann Friderich (1770). Vollständigere Staatsbeschreibung des Herzogthums Schleswig (in German). J.C. Korte. p. 192. Retrieved January 9, 2024.
- ↑ "Rossi, Salamone". Grove Music Online.
- ↑ Steinmann, Karl; Steinmann, Carl (1885). Die Grabstätten der Fürsten des Welfenhauses von Gertrudis, der Mutter Heinrichs des Löwen bis auf Herzog Wilhelm von Braunschweig-Lüneburg (in German). Goeritz. p. 221. Retrieved January 9, 2024.
- ↑ Neugebauer, Ignaz (1861). Chronikalische Notizen aus der Vorzeit der Stadt und Herrschaft Nikolsburg (in German). Bezdieka. p. 11. Retrieved January 9, 2024.
- ↑ Nordisk familjebok (in Swedish). Stockholm: Gernandts boktryckeri-aktiebolag. 1883. p. 282. Retrieved January 9, 2024.
- ↑ "Coke, George". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2004. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/5827. Retrieved January 9, 2024. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- ↑ "The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church - Biographical Dictionary - Consistory of November 19, 1629". cardinals.fiu.edu.
- ↑ Schwicker, Johann Heinrich (1888). Peter Pázmány: Cardinal-Erzbischof und Primas von Ungarn und seine Zeit (in German). Bachem. p. 17. Retrieved January 9, 2024.
- ↑ Pett, Phineas; Perrin, W. G. (1918). The autobiography of Phineas Pett. London: Navy records society. p. 1. Retrieved January 9, 2024.
- ↑ Bellesi, Sandro (1998). Il seicento a Prato (in Italian). CariPrato. p. 40. Retrieved January 9, 2024.
- ↑ "Agucchi, Giovanni Battista". Treccani (in Italian). Retrieved January 9, 2024.
- ↑ Bricka, Carl Frederik (1887). Dansk biografisk Lexikon (in Danish). Copenhagen: F. Hegel & Søn. p. 530. Retrieved January 9, 2024.
- ↑ Whitelocke, Sir James (1858). Liber Famelicus of Sir James Whitelocke: A Judge of the Court of King's Bench in the Reigns of James I. and Charles I. Now First Pub. from the Original Manuscript. Camden Society. p. 5. Retrieved January 9, 2024.
- ↑ "Cecil, Richard (1570-1633), of Wakerley, Northants". www.historyofparliamentonline.org. Retrieved January 9, 2024.
- ↑ Duhr, Bernhard (1913). Geschichte der Jesuiten in den Ländern Deutscher Zunge (in German). Herder. p. 691. Retrieved January 11, 2024.
- ↑ Blair, Emma Helen; Robertson, James Alexander (1902). The Philippine Islands, 1493-1898. Cachos Hermanos. p. 81. Retrieved January 11, 2024.
- ↑ Ayton, Sir Robert (1844). The Poems of Sir Robert Aytoun. A. & C. Black. p. xlvi. Retrieved January 11, 2024.
- ↑ Elgenstierna, Gustaf Magnus (1925). Den introducerade svenska adelns ättartavlor med tillägg och rättelser (in Swedish). P.A. Norstedt. p. 360. Retrieved January 11, 2024.
- ↑ "Coprario [Coperario, Cooper, Cowper], John". Grove Music Online. Retrieved January 11, 2024.
- ↑ Cousin, John William (1916). A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature. Dent. p. 165. Retrieved January 11, 2024.
- ↑ Papinot, Edmond (1909). Historical and Geographical Dictionary of Japan: With 300 Illustrations, 18 Appendixes and Several Maps. Librairie Sansaisha. p. 428. Retrieved January 11, 2024.
- ↑ Gregersen, Erik (January 15, 2011). The Britannica Guide to Sound and Light. The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc. p. 309. ISBN 978-1-61530-300-7. Retrieved January 11, 2024.
- ↑ "Asprilio Pacelli in Poland: Compositions, Techniques, Reception" (PDF). fondazionelavi.it. Retrieved January 11, 2024.
- ↑ "Rainaldi, Girolamo". Treccani (in Italian).
- ↑ "Sessa, Claudia". Grove Music Online. Retrieved January 12, 2024.
- ↑ Friedrich Spee, Priester, Mahner und Poet (1591-1635): eine Ausstellung der Diözesan- und Dombibliothek Köln in Zusammenarbeit mit der Friedrich-Spee-Gesellschaft Düsseldorf, 11. Juni bis 9. Oktober 2008 (in German). Erzbischöfliche Diözesan- und Dombibliothek. 2008. p. 200. ISBN 978-3-939160-16-8. Retrieved January 12, 2024.
- ↑ "Spisek orleański" w latach 1626-1628 (in Polish). Państwowe Wydawn. Nauk. 1990. p. 124. ISBN 978-83-01-09218-4. Retrieved January 12, 2024.
- ↑ "Dackombe, John (c.1570-1618), of the Middle Temple, London; the Savoy, Westminster; Wanstead, Essex and Templecombe, Som". www.historyofparliamentonline.org. Retrieved December 24, 2023.
- ↑ L'Orme, Philibert de; Nizet, C. (1894). L'oeuvre de Philibert de L'Orme comprenant Le premier tome de l'architecture (in French). Libraries-imprimeries réunies. p. viii.
- ↑ Rogers, Charles (1876). Three Scottish Reformers: Alexander Cunningham, Fifth Earl of Glencairn, Henry Balnaves of Halhill and John Davidson, Minister of Pretonpans: With Their Poetical Remains and Mr. Davidson's "Helps for Young Scholars in Christianity". Grampian club. p. 23. Retrieved January 12, 2024.
- ↑ "Stewart, James". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2004. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/26479. Retrieved January 13, 2024. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- ↑ Day, Mary Sarilda (1926). Scheubel as an Algebraist: Being a Study of Algebra in the Middle of the Sixteenth Century. Teachers College, Columbia University. p. 15. Retrieved January 12, 2024.
- ↑ Autotraduzione: Teoria ed esempi fra Italia e Spagna (e oltre) (in Italian). LED Edizioni Universitarie. December 12, 2012. p. 217. ISBN 978-88-7916-617-1. Retrieved January 12, 2024.
- ↑ Dini, Francesco (1897). "Aonio Paleario E La Sua Famiglia in Colle Val D'elsa". Archivio Storico Italiano. 20 (207): 1–32. ISSN 0391-7770. JSTOR 44456853. Retrieved January 12, 2024.
- ↑ Perrie, Maureen; Pavlov, Andrei (July 10, 2014). Ivan the Terrible. Routledge. p. 157. ISBN 978-1-317-89468-1. Retrieved January 12, 2024.
- ↑ Long, Jacques Le (1775). Bibliothèque historique de la France: contenant le catalogue des ouvrages, imprimés & manuscrits, qui traitent de h'histoire de ce royaume, ou qui y ont rapport; avec des notes critiques et historiques (in French). Impr. Herissant. p. 202. Retrieved January 12, 2024.
- ↑ Estes, James Martin (2007). Christian Magistrate and Territorial Church: Johannes Brenz and the German Reformation. Centre for Reformation and Renaissance Studies. p. 41. ISBN 978-0-7727-2034-4. Retrieved January 13, 2024.
- ↑ Mander, Carel van (1994). The Lives of the Illustrious Netherlandish and German Painters. Davaco. p. 40. ISBN 978-90-70288-93-8. Retrieved January 13, 2024.
- ↑ Thomas, David; Chesworth, John A. (August 17, 2015). Christian-Muslim Relations. A Bibliographical History. Volume 7 Central and Eastern Europe, Asia, Africa and South America (1500-1600): Volume 7. Central and Eastern Europe, Asia, Africa and South America (1500-1600). BRILL. p. 816. ISBN 978-90-04-29848-4. Retrieved January 13, 2024.
- ↑ Faria, Manoel Severim de (1778). Vida de João de Barros (in Brazilian Portuguese). Regia Officina Typografica. p. lvii. Retrieved January 13, 2024.
- ↑ Pinvert, Lucien (1899). Jacques Grévin (1538-1570): étude biographique et littéraire (in French). A. Fontemoing. p. 21. Retrieved January 13, 2024.
- ↑ Mihăescu-Gruiu, Constantin (1998). Moldova 1359-1859: spicuiri din istoria statului de sine stătător (in Romanian). Europa în România. p. 189. ISBN 978-973-97881-2-0. Retrieved January 13, 2024.
- ↑ Sir John Wyndham Pope-Hennessy (1963). An Introduction to Italian Sculpture. Phaidon Press. p. 51.
- ↑ Boniecki, Michał (1875). Książęta szlązcy z domu Piastów: przyczynek do historyi rodzin panujących w Polsce, zebrany i ułożony przewaźnie z niemieckich źródeł. Zawiera okres od 1339 do 1612 roku. Część II-ga (in Polish). Ed. Wende. p. 351. Retrieved January 13, 2024.
- ↑ "François Bonivard". hls-dhs-dss.ch. Retrieved January 13, 2024.
- ↑ "Primaticcio, Francesco, detto il Bologna". Treccani (in Italian). Retrieved January 13, 2024.
- ↑ "Santa María, Tomás de". Grove Music Online. Retrieved January 13, 2024.
- ↑ "Gallo, Agostino". Treccani (in Italian). Retrieved January 13, 2024.
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