| << | February | >> | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Su | Mo | Tu | We | Th | Fr | Sa |
| 1 | 2 | 3 | ||||
| 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 |
| 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 |
| 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 |
| 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | ||
| 2024 | ||||||
| February 8 in recent years |
| 2023 (Wednesday) |
| 2022 (Tuesday) |
| 2021 (Monday) |
| 2020 (Saturday) |
| 2019 (Friday) |
| 2018 (Thursday) |
| 2017 (Wednesday) |
| 2016 (Monday) |
| 2015 (Sunday) |
| 2014 (Saturday) |
February 8 is the 39th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar; 326 days remain until the end of the year (327 in leap years).
Events
Pre-1600
- 421 – Constantius III becomes co-emperor of the Western Roman Empire.[1]
- 1238 – The Mongols burn the Russian city of Vladimir.[2][3]
- 1250 – Seventh Crusade: Crusaders engage Ayyubid forces in the Battle of Al Mansurah.[4]
- 1347 – The Byzantine civil war of 1341–47 ends with a power-sharing agreement between John VI Kantakouzenos and John V Palaiologos.[5][6]
- 1587 – Mary, Queen of Scots is executed on suspicion of having been involved in the Babington Plot to murder her cousin, Queen Elizabeth I.[7][8]
1601–1900
- 1601 – Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex, unsuccessfully rebels against Queen Elizabeth I.[9][10]
- 1693 – The College of William & Mary in Williamsburg, Virginia, the second-oldest institution of higher education in the Thirteen Colonies, is granted a charter by King William III and Queen Mary II.[11]
- 1807 – Napoleon defeats the coalition forces of Russian General Bennigsen and Prussian General L'Estocq at the Battle of Eylau.[12][13]
- 1817 – An army led by Grand Marshal Las Heras crosses the Andes to join San Martín in the liberation of Chile from Spain.[14][15]
- 1837 – Richard Johnson becomes the first and only Vice President of the United States chosen by the Senate.[16][17]
- 1865 – Delaware refuses to ratify the Thirteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, delaying the criminalization of slavery until the amendment's national adoption on December 6, 1865.[18][19] The amendment is ultimately ratified by Delaware on February 12, 1901, the 92nd anniversary of Abraham Lincoln's birth.[20][21]
- 1879 – Sandford Fleming first proposes the adoption of Universal Standard Time at a meeting of the Royal Canadian Institute.[22][23]
- 1879 – England's cricket team, led by Lord Harris, is attacked in a riot during a match in Sydney.[24]
- 1885 – The first Japanese immigrants arrive in Hawaii.[25][26]
- 1887 – The Dawes Act is enacted, authorizing the U.S. President to divide Native American tribal land into individual allotments.[27][28][29]
1901–present
- 1904 – Japanese forces launch a surprise attack against Russian-controlled Port Arthur, marking the start of the Russo-Japanese war.[30][31]
- 1904 – The Dutch Colonial Army's Marechaussee regiment led by General G.C.E. van Daalen launch a military campaign in the Dutch East Indies' Northern Sumatra region, leading to the deaths of thousands of civilians.[32][33][34]
- 1910 – The Boy Scouts of America is incorporated by William D. Boyce.[35][36]
- 1915 – D. W. Griffith's controversial landmark film The Birth of a Nation premieres in Los Angeles.[37]
- 1924 – The first state execution in the United States by gas chamber takes place in Nevada.[38][39]
- 1937 – Spanish Civil War: Republican forces establish the Interprovincial Council of Santander, Palencia and Burgos in Cantabria.[40]
- 1942 – World War II: Japan invades Singapore.[41][42]
- 1945 – World War II: British and Canadian forces commence Operation Veritable to occupy land between the Maas and Rhine rivers.[43]
- 1945 – World War II: Mikhail Devyataev escapes with nine other Soviet POWs from a Nazi concentration camp in Peenemünde, Usedom.[44]
- 1946 – The People's Republic of Korea is dissolved in the North and replaced by the communist-controlled Provisional People's Committee of North Korea.[45]
- 1950 – The Stasi, the secret police of East Germany, is established.[46][47]
- 1960 – Queen Elizabeth II issues an Order-in-Council, proclaiming the House of Windsor and declaring that her descendants will take the name Mountbatten-Windsor.[48][49]
- 1960 – The Hollywood Walk of Fame is founded.[50]
- 1962 – Nine protestors are killed at Charonne station, Paris, by French police under the command of ex-Vichy official and Parisian Prefect of Police Maurice Papon.[51][52]
- 1963 – The regime of Prime Minister of Iraq Abd al-Karim Qasim is overthrown by the Ba'ath Party.[53][54][55]
- 1965 – Eastern Air Lines Flight 663 crashes into the Atlantic Ocean and explodes, killing all 84 people onboard.[56][57]
- 1968 – American civil rights movement: An attack on Black students from South Carolina State University who are protesting racial segregation leaves three dead and 28 injured in Orangeburg, South Carolina.[58][59]
- 1971 – The NASDAQ stock market index opens for the first time.[60][61]
- 1971 – South Vietnamese ground troops launch an incursion into Laos to try to cut off the Ho Chi Minh trail and stop communist infiltration into the country.[62][63]
- 1974 – The crew of Skylab 4, the last mission to visit the American space station Skylab, returns to Earth after 84 days in space.[64][65][66]
- 1983 – A dust storm hits Melbourne, resulting in the worst drought on record and severe weather conditions in the city.[67]
- 1983 – Irish race horse Shergar is stolen and allegedly killed by gunmen in a ransom attempt.[68]
- 1986 – Twenty-three people are killed when a VIA Rail passenger train collides with a Canadian National freight train near the town of Hinton, Alberta, making it one of the worst rail accidents in Canada.[69][70]
- 1989 – Independent Air Flight 1851 strikes Pico Alto mountain while on approach to Santa Maria Airport, killing all 144 passengers on board.[71][72]
- 1993 – An Iran Air Tours Tupolev Tu-154 and an Iranian Air Force Sukhoi Su-24 collide mid-air near Qods, Iran, killing all 133 people onboard both aircraft.[73][74]
- 2010 – Over 2 miles (3.2 km) of road are buried after a storm in the Hindu Kush mountains of Afghanistan triggers a series of avalanches, killing at least 172 people and trapping over 2,000 others.[75][76]
- 2013 – A blizzard kills at least 18 and leaves hundreds of thousands of people without electricity in the northeastern United States and parts of Canada.[77][78]
- 2014 – A hotel fire in Medina, Saudi Arabia, kills 15 Egyptian pilgrims with 130 others injured.[79]
Births
Pre-1600
- 120 – Vettius Valens, Greek astronomer, mathematician, and astrologer (d. ~175)[80][81]
- 412 – Proclus, Greek mathematician and philosopher (d. ~485)[82][83][84]
- 882 – Muhammad ibn Tughj al-Ikhshid, Egyptian commander and politician, Abbasid Governor of Egypt (d. 946)[85]
- 1191 – Yaroslav II of Vladimir (d. 1246)[86]
- 1291 – Afonso IV of Portugal, Portuguese king (d. 1357)[87]
- 1405 – Constantine XI Palaiologos, Byzantine emperor (d. 1453)[88][89]
- 1487 – Ulrich, Duke of Württemberg, German duke (d. 1550)[90]
- 1514 – Daniele Barbaro, Venetian churchman, diplomat and scholar (d. 1570)[91]
- 1552 – Agrippa d'Aubigné, French poet and soldier (d. 1630)[92]
- 1577 – Robert Burton, English priest, physician, and scholar (d. 1640)[93]
- 1591 – Guercino, Italian painter (d. 1666)[94]
1601–1900
- 1685 – Charles-Jean-François Hénault, French historian and author (d. 1770)[95]
- 1700 – Daniel Bernoulli, Dutch-Swiss mathematician and physicist (d. 1782)[96]
- 1720 – Emperor Sakuramachi, Japanese emperor (d. 1750)[97][98][99]
- 1741 – André Grétry, Belgian-French organist and composer (d. 1813)[100]
- 1762 – Gia Long, Vietnamese emperor (d. 1820)[101]
- 1764 – Joseph Leopold Eybler, Austrian composer and conductor (d. 1846)[102]
- 1792 – Caroline Augusta of Bavaria, German princess (d. 1873)[103][104][105]
- 1798 – Grand Duke Michael Pavlovich of Russia, Russian grand duke (d. 1849)[106]
- 1807 – Benjamin Waterhouse Hawkins, English sculptor and zoologist (d. 1889)[107][108]
- 1817 – Richard S. Ewell, American general (d. 1872)[109]
- 1819 – John Ruskin, English author, critic, and academic (d. 1900)[110]
- 1820 – William Tecumseh Sherman, American general (d. 1891)[111]
- 1822 – Maxime Du Camp, French photographer and journalist (d. 1894)[112]
- 1825 – Henry Walter Bates, English geographer, biologist, and explorer (d. 1892)[113]
- 1828 – Jules Verne, French author, poet, and playwright (d. 1905)[114]
- 1829 – Vital-Justin Grandin, French-Canadian bishop and missionary (d. 1902)[115][116]
- 1834 – Dmitri Mendeleev, Russian chemist and academic (d. 1907)[117]
- 1850 – Kate Chopin, American author (d. 1904)[118]
- 1860 – Adella Brown Bailey, American politician and suffragist (d. 1937)[119]
- 1866 – Moses Gomberg, Ukrainian-American chemist and academic (d. 1947)[120]
- 1876 – Paula Modersohn-Becker, German painter (d. 1907)[121]
- 1878 – Martin Buber, Austrian-Israeli philosopher and academic (d. 1965)[122]
- 1880 – Franz Marc, German soldier and painter (d. 1916)[123]
- 1880 – Viktor Schwanneke, German actor and director (d. 1931)[124]
- 1882 – Thomas Selfridge, American lieutenant and pilot (d. 1908)[125][126]
- 1883 – Joseph Schumpeter, Czech-American economist and political scientist (d. 1950)[127]
- 1884 – Snowy Baker, Australian boxer, rugby player, and actor (d. 1953)[128]
- 1886 – Charlie Ruggles, American actor (d. 1970)[129][130]
- 1888 – Edith Evans, English actress (d. 1976)[131]
- 1890 – Claro M. Recto, Filipino lawyer, jurist, and politician (d. 1960)[132]
- 1893 – Ba Maw, Burmese lawyer and politician, Prime Minister of Burma (d. 1977)[133]
- 1894 – King Vidor, American director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 1982)[134]
- 1897 – Zakir Husain, Indian academic and politician, 3rd president of India (d. 1969)[135]
- 1899 – Lonnie Johnson, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 1970)[136]
1901–present
- 1902 – Demchugdongrub, Mongol prince and politician, head of state of Mengjiang (d. 1966)[137]
- 1903 – Greta Keller, Austrian-American singer and actress (d. 1977)[138][139]
- 1903 – Tunku Abdul Rahman, 1st Prime Minister of Malaysia (d. 1990)[140]
- 1906 – Chester Carlson, American physicist and lawyer, invented Xerography (d. 1968)[141]
- 1909 – Elisabeth Murdoch, Australian philanthropist (d. 2012)[142]
- 1911 – Elizabeth Bishop, American poet and author (d. 1979)[143]
- 1913 – Betty Field, American actress (d. 1973)[144][145]
- 1913 – Danai Stratigopoulou, Greek singer-songwriter (d. 2009)[146]
- 1914 – Bill Finger, American author and screenwriter, co-created Batman (d. 1974)[147]
- 1915 – Georges Guétary, Egyptian-French singer, dancer, and actor (d. 1997)[148]
- 1918 – Freddie Blassie, American wrestler and manager (d. 2003)[149]
- 1921 – Barney Danson, Canadian colonel and politician, 21st Canadian Minister of National Defence (d. 2011)[150]
- 1921 – Nexhmije Hoxha, Albanian politician (d. 2020)[151]
- 1921 – Balram Singh Rai, Guyanese politician, 1st Minister of Home Affairs (d. 2022)[152][153]
- 1921 – Lana Turner, American actress (d. 1995)[154]
- 1922 – Audrey Meadows, American actress and banker (d. 1996)[155]
- 1925 – Jack Lemmon, American actor (d. 2001)[156]
- 1926 – Neal Cassady, American author and poet (d. 1968)[157]
- 1926 – Birgitte Reimer, Danish film actress (d. 2021)[158]
- 1930 – Alejandro Rey, Argentinian-American actor and director (d. 1987)[159]
- 1931 – James Dean, American actor (d. 1955)[160]
- 1932 – Cliff Allison, English racing driver and businessman (d. 2005)[161]
- 1932 – John Williams, American pianist, composer, and conductor[162]
- 1933 – Elly Ameling, Dutch soprano[163]
- 1937 – Joe Raposo, American pianist and composer (d. 1989)[164][165]
- 1937 – Harry Wu, Chinese human rights activist (d. 2016)[166]
- 1939 – Jose Maria Sison, Filipino activist and theorist (d. 2022)[167]
- 1940 – Sophie Lihau-Kanza, Congolese politician (d. 1999)[168][169]
- 1940 – Ted Koppel, English-American journalist[170]
- 1941 – Nick Nolte, American actor and producer[171]
- 1941 – Tom Rush, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer[172][173]
- 1941 – Jagjit Singh, Indian singer-songwriter (d. 2011)[174]
- 1942 – Robert Klein, American comedian, actor, and singer[175]
- 1942 – Terry Melcher, American singer-songwriter and producer (d. 2004)[176]
- 1943 – Valerie Thomas, American scientist and inventor[177]
- 1944 – Roger Lloyd-Pack, English actor (d. 2014)[178]
- 1944 – Sebastião Salgado, Brazilian photographer and journalist[179]
- 1948 – Dan Seals, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2009)[180]
- 1949 – Brooke Adams, American actress, producer, and screenwriter[181]
- 1949 – Niels Arestrup, French actor, director, and screenwriter[182][183]
- 1952 – Marinho Chagas, Brazilian footballer and coach (d. 2014)[184][185]
- 1953 – Mary Steenburgen, American actress[186]
- 1955 – John Grisham, American lawyer and author[187]
- 1955 – Jim Neidhart, American wrestler (d. 2018)[188][189]
- 1956 – Marques Johnson, American basketball player and sportscaster[190][191]
- 1957 – Karine Chemla, French historian of mathematics and sinologist[192][193]
- 1958 – Sherri Martel, American wrestler and manager (d. 2007)[194][195][196]
- 1958 – Marina Silva, Brazilian environmentalist and politician[197]
- 1959 – Heinz Gunthardt, Swiss tennis player[198]
- 1959 – Andrew Hoy, Australian equestrian rider[199][200][201]
- 1959 – Mauricio Macri, Argentinian businessman and politician, President of Argentina[202]
- 1960 – Benigno Aquino III, Filipino politician, 15th President of the Philippines (d. 2021)[203]
- 1960 – Dino Ciccarelli, Canadian ice hockey player[204][205]
- 1961 – Vince Neil, American singer-songwriter and actor[206]
- 1963 – Mohammad Azharuddin, Indian cricketer and politician[207][208][209]
- 1964 – Arlie Petters, Belizean-American mathematical physicist and academic[210]
- 1964 – Santosh Sivan, Indian director, cinematographer, producer, and actor[211]
- 1964 – Trinny Woodall, English fashion designer and author[212]
- 1966 – Kirk Muller, Canadian ice hockey player and coach[213][214]
- 1966 – Hristo Stoichkov, Bulgarian footballer and manager[215]
- 1968 – Gary Coleman, American actor (d. 2010)[216]
- 1969 – Pauly Fuemana, New Zealand-Australian singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2010)[217]
- 1969 – Mary Robinette Kowal, American puppeteer and author[218]
- 1969 – Mary McCormack, American actress and producer[219]
- 1970 – Stephanie Courtney, American actress and comedian[220]
- 1970 – John Filan, Australian footballer and coach[221][222][223]
- 1970 – Alonzo Mourning, American basketball player and executive[224]
- 1971 – Aidy Boothroyd, English footballer and manager[225][226]
- 1971 – Mika Karppinen, Swedish-Finnish drummer and songwriter[227][228]
- 1972 – Big Show, American wrestler and actor[229][230]
- 1974 – Seth Green, American actor, voice artist, comedian, producer, writer, and director[231][232]
- 1974 – Kimbo Slice, Bahamian-American mixed martial artist (d. 2016)[233]
- 1976 – Khaled Mashud, Bangladeshi cricketer[234]
- 1976 – Nicolas Vouilloz, French rally driver and mountain biker[235]
- 1977 – Roman Kostomarov, Russian ice dancer[236]
- 1978 – Mick de Brenni, Australian politician[237]
- 1978 – Ranveer Brar, Indian celebrity chef, Masterchef India judge, author and restaurateur[238]
- 1979 – Aaron Cook, American baseball player[239][240]
- 1980 – William Jackson Harper, American actor[241][242][243]
- 1981 – Steve Gohouri, Ivorian footballer (d. 2015)[244][245]
- 1981 – Myriam Montemayor Cruz, Mexican singer[246][247]
- 1983 – Jermaine Anderson, Canadian basketball player[248][249]
- 1983 – Cory Jane, New Zealand rugby player[250][251]
- 1984 – Cecily Strong, American actress[252]
- 1984 – Panagiotis Vasilopoulos, Greek basketball player[253]
- 1985 – Petra Cetkovská, Czech tennis player[254]
- 1985 – Jeremy Davis, American bass player and songwriter[255][256]
- 1985 – Brian Randle, American basketball player and coach[257][258]
- 1986 – Anderson .Paak, American singer, songwriter, rapper, and record producer[259]
- 1987 – Javi García, Spanish footballer[260]
- 1987 – Carolina Kostner, Italian figure skater[261]
- 1988 – Keegan Meth, Zimbabwean cricketer[262][263]
- 1989 – Zac Guildford, New Zealand rugby player[264][265]
- 1989 – Julio Jones, American football player[266]
- 1990 – Klay Thompson, American professional basketball player[267]
- 1991 – Nam Woo-hyun, South Korean singer[268]
- 1992 – Bruno Martins Indi, Portuguese-Dutch footballer[269][270]
- 1994 – Hakan Çalhanoğlu, Turkish footballer[271]
- 1994 – Nikki Yanofsky, Canadian singer-songwriter[272][273]
- 1995 – Joshua Kimmich, German footballer[274][275]
- 1996 – Kenedy, Brazilian footballer[276][277]
Deaths
Pre-1600
- 538 – Severus of Antioch, patriarch of Antioch (b. 465)[278][279]
- 1204 – Alexios IV Angelos, Byzantine emperor (b. 1182)[280]
- 1229 – Ali ibn Hanzala, sixth Dāʿī al-Muṭlaq of Tayyibi Isma'ilism[281]
- 1250 – Robert I, Count of Artois (b. 1216)[282][283][284][285]
- 1250 – William II Longespée, Earl of Salisbury, English martyr (b. 1212)[286][287]
- 1265 – Hulagu Khan, Mongol ruler (b. 1217)[288]
- 1285 – Theodoric of Landsberg (b. 1242)[289][290][291][292]
- 1296 – Przemysł II of Poland (b. 1257)[293][294]
- 1314 – Helen of Anjou, queen of Serbia (b. 1236)[295][296][297]
- 1382 – Blanche of France, Duchess of Orléans (b. 1328)[298][299][300]
- 1537 – Saint Gerolamo Emiliani, Italian humanitarian (b. 1481)[301]
- 1599 – Robert Rollock, Scottish theologian and academic (b. 1555)[302][303][304]
1601–1900
- 1676 – Alexis of Russia (b. 1629)[305]
- 1696 – Ivan V of Russia (b. 1666)[306]
- 1709 – Giuseppe Torelli, Italian violinist and composer (b. 1658)[307][308]
- 1725 – Peter the Great, Russian emperor (b. 1672)[309]
- 1749 – Jan van Huysum, Dutch painter (b. 1682)[310]
- 1750 – Aaron Hill, English playwright and poet (b. 1685)[311]
- 1772 – Princess Augusta of Saxe-Gotha (b. 1719)[312]
- 1849 – François Habeneck, French violinist and conductor (b. 1781)[313]
- 1849 – France Prešeren, Slovenian poet and lawyer (b. 1800)[314]
- 1856 – Agostino Bassi, Italian entomologist and academic (b. 1773)[315]
1901–present
- 1907 – Hendrik Willem Bakhuis Roozeboom, Dutch chemist and academic (b. 1854)[316]
- 1910 – Hans Jæger, Norwegian philosopher and activist (b. 1854)[317]
- 1915 – François Langelier, Canadian journalist, lawyer, and politician, 10th Lieutenant Governor of Quebec (b. 1838)[318]
- 1921 – George Formby Sr, English actor and singer (b. 1876)[319]
- 1921 – Peter Kropotkin, Russian zoologist, geographer, and philologist (b. 1842)[320]
- 1928 – Theodor Curtius, German chemist (b. 1857)[321]
- 1932 – Yordan Milanov, Bulgarian architect, designed the Sveti Sedmochislenitsi Church (b. 1867)[322][323][324]
- 1935 – Eemil Nestor Setälä, Finnish linguist and politician, Minister for Foreign Affairs (b. 1864)[325][326][327]
- 1936 – Charles Curtis, American lawyer and politician, 31st Vice President of the United States (b. 1860)[328]
- 1938 – Olga Taratuta, Ukrainian Jewish anarchist (b. 1876)[329]
- 1945 – Italo Santelli, Italian fencer and coach (b. 1866)[330]
- 1956 – Connie Mack, American baseball player and manager (b. 1862)[331]
- 1957 – Walther Bothe, German physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1891)[332]
- 1957 – John von Neumann, Hungarian-American mathematician and physicist (b. 1903)[333]
- 1959 – William J. Donovan, American head of the Office of Strategic Services (OSS) (b. 1883)[334]
- 1960 – J. L. Austin, English philosopher and academic (b. 1911)[335]
- 1960 – Giles Gilbert Scott, English architect and engineer, designed the Red telephone box and Liverpool Cathedral (b. 1880)[336]
- 1963 – George Dolenz, Italian-American actor (b. 1908)[337][338]
- 1964 – Ernst Kretschmer, German psychiatrist and author (b. 1888)[339]
- 1970 – Cahir Healy, Northern Irish republican and politician (b. 1877)[340]
- 1971 – Kanaiyalal Munshi, Indian independence movement activist, politician, writer and educationist (b. 1887)[341]
- 1972 – Markos Vamvakaris, Greek singer-songwriter and bouzouki player (b. 1905)[342][343]
- 1975 – Robert Robinson, English chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b.1886)[344]
- 1977 – Eivind Groven, Norwegian composer and theorist (b. 1901)[345]
- 1979 – Dennis Gabor, Hungarian-English physicist and engineer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1900)[346]
- 1980 – Nikos Xilouris, Greek singer-songwriter (b. 1936)[347][348][349]
- 1982 – John Hay Whitney, American financier and diplomat, United States Ambassador to the United Kingdom (b. 1904)[350]
- 1985 – William Lyons, English businessman, co-founded Swallow Sidecar Company (b. 1901)[351]
- 1987 – Harriet E. MacGibbon, American actress (b. 1905)[352][353]
- 1990 – Del Shannon, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1934)[354]
- 1990 – Ernest Titterton, British Australian nuclear physicist (b. 1916)[355]
- 1992 – Stanley Armour Dunham, American sergeant (b. 1918)[356]
- 1994 – Raymond Scott, American pianist and composer (b. 1908)[357]
- 1996 – Del Ennis, American baseball player (b. 1925)[358]
- 1997 – Corey Scott, American motorcycle stunt rider (b. 1968)[359]
- 1998 – Halldór Laxness, Icelandic author, poet, and playwright, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1902)[360]
- 1998 – Enoch Powell, English soldier and politician, Secretary of State for Health (b. 1912)[361]
- 1998 – Julian Simon, American economist and author (b. 1932)[362]
- 1999 – Iris Murdoch, Irish-born British novelist and philosopher (b. 1919)[363]
- 2000 – Sid Abel, Canadian-American ice hockey player, coach, and sportscaster (b. 1918)[364]
- 2000 – Derrick Thomas, American football player (b. 1967)[365]
- 2001 – Ivo Caprino, Norwegian director and screenwriter (b. 1920)[366]
- 2002 – Ong Teng Cheong, Singaporean architect and politician, 5th President of Singapore (b. 1936)[367]
- 2004 – Julius Schwartz, American journalist and author (b. 1915)[368]
- 2005 – A. Chandranehru, Sri Lankan sailor and politician (b. 1944)[369]
- 2006 – Elton Dean, English saxophonist, songwriter, and producer (b. 1945)[370]
- 2006 – Thierry Fortineau, French actor (b. 1953)[371]
- 2006 – Akira Ifukube, Japanese composer (b. 1914)[372]
- 2007 – Anna Nicole Smith, American model and actress (b. 1967)[373]
- 2007 – Ian Stevenson, Canadian-American psychiatrist and academic (b. 1918)[374]
- 2008 – Ruby Garrard Woodson, American educator and cultural historian (b. 1931)[375][376]
- 2010 – John Murtha, American colonel and politician (b. 1932)[377]
- 2011 – Tony Malinosky, American baseball player and soldier (b. 1909)[378]
- 2012 – Wando, Brazilian singer-songwriter (b. 1945)[379][380]
- 2012 – Luis Alberto Spinetta, Argentinian singer-songwriter (b. 1950)[381]
- 2013 – Giovanni Cheli, Italian cardinal (b. 1918)[382]
- 2013 – James DePreist, American conductor and educator (b. 1936)[383]
- 2013 – Maureen Dragone, American journalist and author (b. 1920)[384][385]
- 2013 – Nevin Scrimshaw, American scientist (b. 1918)[386]
- 2014 – Els Borst, Dutch physician and politician, Deputy Prime Minister of the Netherlands (b. 1932)[387][388]
- 2014 – Maicon Pereira de Oliveira, Brazilian footballer (b. 1988)[389]
- 2014 – Nancy Holt, American sculptor and painter (b. 1938)[390]
- 2015 – Rauni-Leena Luukanen-Kilde, Finnish physician and parapsychologist (b. 1939)[391][392]
- 2016 – Amelia Bence, Argentine actress (b. 1914)[393]
- 2016 – Nida Fazli, Indian poet and songwriter (b. 1938)[394]
- 2016 – Margaret Forster, English historian, author, and critic (b. 1938)[395]
- 2016 – Violette Verdy, French ballerina (b. 1933)[396]
- 2017 – Peter Mansfield, English physicist, Nobel laureate (b. 1933)[397]
- 2017 – Rina Matsuno, Japanese idol singer (b. 1998)[398][399]
- 2017 – Alan Simpson, English scriptwriter (b. 1929)[400]
- 2020 – Robert Conrad, American actor (b. 1935)[401]
- 2021 – Marty Schottenheimer, American football player and coach (b. 1943)[402]
- 2021 – Mary Wilson, American singer (b. 1944)[403][404]
- 2023 – Arto Heiskanen, Finnish professional hockey player (b. 1963)[405][406][407]
Holidays and observances
- Christian feast day:
- Parinirvana Day (some Mahayana Buddhism traditions; most celebrate on February 15)[417]
- Prešeren Day (Slovenia)[418]
- Propose Day (India)[419]
References
- ↑ "Constantius III | Biography & Facts". Encyclopædia Britannica. Archived from the original on 2022-12-16. Retrieved 2023-11-09.
- ↑ Grigorjevič, Jan Vasilij (1991). Batu-kan istorijski roman (in Serbian). Translated by Nikola Tomičić; Illustrated by Đorđe Lobačev. Belgrade: Prosvjeta. ISBN 8607005944. OCLC 438360055.
- ↑ Shubin, Daniel H. (February 2, 2004). A History of Russian Christianity (Volume 1 ed.). Algora Pub. ISBN 9780875862897.
- ↑ Rogers, Clifford J. (June 21, 2010). The Oxford Encyclopedia of Medieval Warfare and Military Technology (1st ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 567. ISBN 978-0-19-533403-6.
- ↑ Nicol, Donald M. (October 29, 1993). The Last Centuries of Byzantium, 1261–1453 (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-43991-6.
- ↑ de Vries-Van der Velden, Eva (1989). L'élite byzantine devant l'avance turque à l'époque de la guerre civile de 1341 à 1354 (in French). Amsterdam: J.C. Gieben. ISBN 978-90-5063-026-9. OCLC 22210318.
- ↑ "Mary Queen of Scots". Westminster Abbey. Archived from the original on 8 October 2022. Retrieved 8 October 2022.
- ↑ "Catholicism in the Elizabethan age - WJEC Catholic plots - Ridolfi, Throckmorton, Babington". BBC Bitesize. Archived from the original on 8 October 2022. Retrieved 8 October 2022.
- ↑ Shakespeare, William; Evans, Gwynne Blakemore (December 31, 1996). Tobin, Joseph Jay (ed.). The Riverside Shakespeare (2nd ed.). Houghton Mifflin. p. 84. ISBN 978-0395858226.
- ↑ "Robert Devereux, 2nd earl of Essex | English Soldier, Courtier & Politician". Encyclopædia Britannica. 2023-11-06. Archived from the original on 2020-07-31. Retrieved 2023-11-09.
- ↑ "History & Traditions". College of William & Mary. Archived from the original on 2018-11-06. Retrieved 2023-11-09.
- ↑ The Book of Dates; Or, Treasury of Universal Reference: ... New and Revised Edition. C. Griffin & Company. 1866. p. 570.
- ↑ "Battle of Eylau | Summary". Encyclopædia Britannica. Archived from the original on 2015-09-05. Retrieved 2023-11-09.
- ↑ Fernández, José B. (1994). José de San Martín: Latin America's Quiet Hero. Millbrook Press. p. 23. ISBN 978-1-56294-383-7.
- ↑ "Army of the Andes | Liberation, San Martín & Chile". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 2023-11-09.
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