1983 Finnish parliamentary election

20–21 March 1983
All 200 seats in the Parliament of Finland 101 seats needed for a majority
First party Second party Third party   Leader Kalevi Sorsa Ilkka Suominen Paavo Väyrynen Party SDP National Coalition Centre–Liberal Last election 23.89%, 52 seats 21.65%, 47 seats 20.97%, 40 seats Seats won 57 44 38 Seat change 5 3 2 Popular vote 795,953 659,078 525,207 Percentage 26.71% 22.12% 17.63% Swing 2.82pp 0.47pp 3.37pp   Fourth party Fifth party Sixth party   Leader Kalevi Kivistö Pekka Vennamo Pär Stenbäck Party SKDL Rural Party RKP Last election 17.90%, 35 seats 4.58%, 7 seats 4.23%, 9 seats Seats won 26 17 10 Seat change 9 10 1 Popular vote 400,930 288,711 137,423 Percentage 13.46% 9.69% 4.61% Swing 4.44pp 5.11pp 0.38pp   Seventh party   Leader Esko Almgren Party Christian League Last election 4.78%, 9 seats Seats won 3 Seat change 6 Popular vote 90,410 Percentage 3.03% Swing 1.75pp
Prime Minister before election Kalevi Sorsa SDP Prime Minister after election Kalevi Sorsa SDP

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Parliamentary elections were held in Finland on 20 and 21 March 1983.^[1][2] The elections were widely regarded as a "protest election" because, contrary to expectations, the major parties with the exception of the Social Democratic Party (SDP) performed poorly; the Liberal People's Party (LKP) lost all its seats in the Eduskunta, while the Finnish Rural Party (SMP) more than doubled its seat tally and the Greens won seats for the first time. The SMP's success was credited, at least in part, to voter distaste for some mainstream parties because of political scandals; no significant policy differences emerged in the election campaign. The SDP won 57 seats, the best performance by a party since World War II.

Background

As was customary in Finland after a presidential election, the government resigned after Mauno Koivisto's victory in the presidential elections in January 1982. It was re-formed the next month with the same four-party coalition; the SDP, the Centre Party (Kesk), the Finnish People's Democratic League (SKDL) and the Swedish People's Party (SFP); and many of the same ministers, with veteran SDP politician Kalevi Sorsa as Prime Minister. Two devaluations in October 1982, amounting to a 10% fall in the value of the markka, caused complaints by the SKDL that low-income groups were the main victims of this measure designed to enhance Finnish competitiveness abroad. The cabinet was dissolved by Sorsa at the end of the year after the SKDL ministers refused to support a government defense proposal. Asked immediately by the president to form a new government, Sorsa did so, but with the LKP taking the place of the SKDL. The government's slender majority of 103 votes in the Eduskunta was not an important handicap, for new elections were scheduled for March 1983.

Results

Party		Votes	%	Seats	+/–
	Social Democratic Party	795,953	26.71	57	+5
	National Coalition Party	659,078	22.12	44	–3
	Centre Party–Liberal People's Party	525,207	17.63	38	–2
	Finnish People's Democratic League	400,930	13.46	26	–9
	Finnish Rural Party	288,711	9.69	17	+10
	Swedish People's Party	137,423	4.61	10	+1
	Finnish Christian League	90,410	3.03	3	–6
	Greens	43,754	1.47	2	New
	Constitutional Right Party	11,104	0.37	1	+1
	Åland Coalition	9,458	0.32	1	0
	League for Civil Democracy	2,335	0.08	0	New
	Others	15,331	0.51	1	+1
Total		2,979,694	100.00	200	0
Valid votes		2,979,694	99.56
Invalid/blank votes		13,276	0.44
Total votes		2,992,970	100.00
Registered voters/turnout		3,951,932	75.73
Source: Tilastokeskus,[3] Vihreän liiton[4]

Aftermath

Seven weeks of negotiations led to the formation of a four-party coalition composed of the old standbys, the SDP, Kesk, the SFP, and, for the first time, the SMP. The SMP was given the portfolios for taxation (Deputy Minister of Finance) and for labor, with the aim of taming it through ministerial responsibility. Because the government, led by the SDP's Sorsa, had the support of only 122 votes out of 200, rather than the 134 needed to ensure the passage of much economic legislation, it might not have been expected to last long. However, it distinguished itself, however, by being the first cabinet since World War II to serve out a full term. Its survival until the March 1987 elections was an indication of a newly won stability in Finnish politics.

The Sorsa cabinet stressed the continuation of traditional Finnish foreign policy, the expansion of trade with the West to counter what some saw as too great dependence on Soviet trade, and the adoption of measures to reduce inflation. The economic measures of the government were stringent and fiscally conservative. Public awareness of the necessity of a small exporting nation's remaining competitive allowed the adoption of frugal policies. The 1984 biannual incomes policy arrangement was also modest in its scope. The rival demands for the one for 1986 were less so, however, and President Koivisto had to intervene to ease hard negotiations. One segment of the work force, civil servants, won a large pay increase for itself after a seven-week strike in the spring of 1986. The government also brought inflation down from the double-digit levels of the early 1980s, but it was less successful in lowering unemployment, which remained steady at about 7 percent.

Although the government was to be long-lived, it was not free of tensions. In January 1984, trouble erupted when its three non-socialist parties made public a list of nine points on which they disagreed with the SDP. The issues were domestic in character, and they centered on issues such as the methods of calculation and payment for child-care allowances, the advisability of nuclear power plant construction, wage package negotiation methods, and financial measures to aid farmers and small businessmen. The storm caused by the document was calmed by the political skills of the prime minister and through a lessened adamancy on the part of Kesk.

Despite overall agreement on many major issues and the dominance of consensus politics in the governing of the country, the parties' struggle for power was nevertheless fierce. Attacks on the SDP by its coalition partner Kesk during 1986 were seen by some to stem from Kesk's desire for an opening to the right and for the eventual formation of a center-right government after the 1987 elections. The attacks, especially those of Foreign Minister Paavo Vayrynen, intensified in the late summer. The young Kesk leader particularly denounced Sorsa's handling of trade with the Soviet Union. Sorsa successfully counterattacked in the fall, which forced Vayrynen to stop his campaign.^[6]

References