1992 Philippine general election

1992 Philippine general election
	May 11, 1992
Registered	32,141,079
Turnout	24,254,954
	1992 Philippine presidential election
	May 11, 1992
Turnout	75.5% 3.3%
President before election; Corazon Aquino; PDP–Laban	Elected President ; Fidel V. Ramos; Lakas–CMD
	1992 Philippine vice presidential election
	May 11, 1992
Vice President before election; Salvador Laurel; Nacionalista	Elected Vice President ; Joseph Estrada; NPC
	1992 Philippine Senate election
	May 11, 1992
All 24 seats in the Senate; 13 seats needed for a majority
Senate President before election; Neptali Gonzales; LDP	Elected Senate President ; Neptali Gonzales; LDP
	1992 Philippine House of Representatives elections
	May 11, 1992
200 (of the 216) seats in the House of Representatives of the Philippines; 109 seats needed for a majority
Speaker before election; Ramon Mitra Jr.; LDP	Elected Speaker ; Jose de Venecia Jr.; Lakas–CMD

Presidential and vice presidential elections, legislative elections and local elections were held in the Philippines on May 11, 1992. An estimated 80,000 candidates ran for 17,000 posts from the presidency down to municipal councillors in the first general election under the 1987 Constitution. Even though she was permitted by the Constitution to run for a second term, President Corazon Aquino did not stand for re-election.

Retired general Fidel Ramos of Lakas-NUCD won a six-year term as president of the Philippines by a small margin, narrowly defeating populist candidate Miriam Defensor Santiago of the People's Reform Party. Ramos also got the lowest plurality in Philippine electoral history. Santiago led the canvassing of votes for the first five days, but was overtaken by Ramos afterwards. Santiago accused Ramos of fraud and filed an electoral protest citing power outages as evidence, but her protest was eventually dismissed.

The 1992 election was the second time both the president and vice-president came from different parties. Film actor and senator Joseph Estrada won a six-year term as Ramos' vice-president by a landslide victory.

Under the transitory provisions of the Constitution, 24 senators were elected in the polls. The first twelve senators who garnered the highest votes would have a six-year term while the next twelve senators would have a three-year term. Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino (LDP) got a large share in the Senate race. Television personality and Quezon City Vice-Mayor Vicente Sotto III got the highest number of votes.

Candidates

Major political parties

Kilusang Bagong Lipunan (KBL)
Lakas ng Tao—National Union of Christian Democrats (Lakas–NUCD)
Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino (LDP)
Liberal Party—Partido Demokratiko Pilipino–Lakas ng Bayan (LP—PDP–Laban; Koalisyong Pambansa)
Nacionalista Party (NP)
Nationalist People's Coalition (NPC)
People's Reform Party (PRP)

Results

President


Candidate		Party	Votes	%
	Fidel V. Ramos	Lakas–NUCD	5,342,521	23.58
	Miriam Defensor Santiago	People's Reform Party	4,468,173	19.72
	Eduardo Cojuangco Jr.	Nationalist People's Coalition	4,116,376	18.17
	Ramon Mitra Jr.	Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino	3,316,661	14.64
	Imelda Marcos	Kilusang Bagong Lipunan	2,338,294	10.32
	Jovito Salonga	Liberal Party	2,302,124	10.16
	Salvador Laurel	Nacionalista Party	770,046	3.40
Total			22,654,195	100.00

Valid votes			22,654,195	93.40
Invalid/blank votes			1,600,759	6.60
Total votes			24,254,954	100.00
Registered voters/turnout			32,141,079	75.46
Source: Nohlen, Grotz, Hartmann, Hasall and Santos^[1]

Vice president


Candidate		Party	Votes	%
	Joseph Estrada	Nationalist People's Coalition	6,739,738	33.01
	Marcelo Fernan	Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino	4,438,494	21.74
	Lito Osmeña	Lakas–NUCD	3,362,467	16.47
	Ramon Magsaysay Jr.	People's Reform Party	2,900,556	14.20
	Aquilino Pimentel Jr.^{[lower-alpha 1]}	PDP–Laban	2,023,289	9.91
	Vicente Magsaysay	Kilusang Bagong Lipunan	699,895	3.43
	Eva Estrada Kalaw	Nacionalista Party	255,730	1.25
Total			20,420,169	100.00

Valid votes			20,420,169	84.19
Invalid/blank votes			3,834,785	15.81
Total votes			24,254,954	100.00
Registered voters/turnout			32,141,079	75.46
Source: Nohlen, Grotz, Hartmann, Hasall and Santos^[2]

↑ Running mate of Jovito Salonga (Liberal Party)

Senate

The top 12 elected candidates served from June 30, 1992, until June 30, 1998, while the following 12 elected candidates were to serve from June 30, 1992, until June 30, 1995. A total of 166 candidates ran for senator.

Representation of results
  LDP
  NPC
  Lakas-NUCD
  Liberal Party

May 11, 1992 Philippine Senate election result
Rank	Candidate		Votes	%
1	Tito Sotto	LDP	11,792,121	40.27%
2	Ramon Revilla Sr.	LDP	8,321,278	28.41%
3	Edgardo Angara	LDP	8,019,011	27.38%
4	Ernesto Herrera	LDP	7,219,170	24.65%
5	Alberto Romulo	LDP	6,824,256	23.30%
6	Ernesto Maceda	NPC	6,820,717	23.29%
7	Orly Mercado	LDP	6,691,132	22.85%
8	Neptali Gonzales	LDP	6,578,582	22.46%
9	Leticia Ramos-Shahani	Lakas–CMD	6,578,582	22.46%
10	Heherson Alvarez	LDP	6,360,898	21.72%
11	Blas Ople	LDP	6,024,930	20.57%
12	Freddie Webb	LDP	5,929,426	20.25%
13	Gloria Macapagal Arroyo	LDP	5,858,950	20.01%
14	Teofisto Guingona Jr.	LDP	5,830,044	19.91%
15	Nina Rasul	Lakas–CMD	5,546,803	18.94%
16	Joey Lina	LDP	5,064,291	17.29%
17	Nikki Coseteng	NPC	5,008,981	17.10%
18	Arturo Tolentino	NPC	4,929,625	16.83%
19	Raul Roco	LDP	4,884,455	16.68%
20	Rodolfo Biazon	LDP	4,863,752	16.61%
21	Wigberto Tañada	Liberal–PDP-Laban	4,492,718	15.34%
22	Francisco Tatad	NPC	4,487,896	15.32%
23	John Henry Osmeña	NPC	4,408,145	15.05%
24	Butz Aquino	LDP	3,964,966	13.54%
25	Alfredo Bengzon	Lakas–CMD	3,964,000	13.54%
26	Carlos Padilla	LDP	3,828,679	13.07%
27	Alexander Aguirre	NPC	3,755,837	12.82%
28	Mamintal Tamano	LDP	3,642,828	12.44%
29	Jose Concepcion Jr.	LDP	3,598,935	12.29%
30	Silvestre Bello III	Lakas–CMD	3,559,202	12.15%
31	Francisco Sumulong	Lakas–CMD	3,167,838	10.82%
32	Estelito Mendoza	NPC	3,122,467	10.66%
33	Victor Ziga	Liberal–PDP-Laban	3,151,251	10.66%
34	Sotero Laurel	Nacionalista	3,002,874	10.76%
35	Francisco Chavez	Lakas–CMD	2,948,912	10.07%
36	Ruben Torres	Lakas–CMD	2,737,112	9.35%
37	Rafael Recto	KBL	2,726,189	9.31%
38	Florencio Abad	Liberal–PDP-Laban	2,494,643	8.52%
39	Narciso Monfort	LDP	2,483,459	8.48%
40	Augusto Pangan	KBL	2,408,185	8.22%
41	Eduardo Pilapil	Lakas–CMD	2,065,900	7.05%
42	Ramon Jacinto	Lakas–CMD	1,873,910	6.40%
43	Eddie Ilarde	Nacionalista	1,800,077	6.15%
44	Arsenio Yulo Jr.	Lakas–CMD	1,774,931	6.06%
45	Gerardo Espina Sr.	NPC	1,755,120	5.99%
46	Nemesio Prudente	Liberal–PDP-Laban	1,747,569	5.97%
47	Guillermo Carague	Lakas–CMD	1,743,896	5.95%
48	Wencelito Andanar	LDP	1,711,611	5.84%
49	Buddy Gomez	Lakas–CMD	1,696,311	5.79%
50	Adolfo Azcuna	Lakas–CMD	1,640,220	5.60%
51	Jose Tamayo	NPC	1,634,268	5.58%
52	Ramon Villarama Jr.	LDP	1,629,846	5.57%
53	Homobono Adaza	Nacionalista	1,551,366	5.30%
54	Vincent Crisologo	Nacionalista	1,551,068	5.30%
55	Manuel Morato	Lakas–CMD	1,516,715	5.18%
56	Rodrigo Gutang	LDP	1,508,552	5.15%
57	Ruben Ancheta	NPC	1,506,700	5.14%
58	Vivian Hultman	NPC	1,459,535	4.98%
59	Leonor Luciano	LDP	1,445,179	4.93%
60	Aurelio Periquet	Lakas–CMD	1,243,438	4.25%
61	Vicente Rivera Jr.	NPC	1,177,056	4.02%
62	Ramon Orosa	Nacionalista	1,164,990	3.98%
63	Adolfo Geronimo	NPC	1,154,934	3.93%
64	Sanchez Ali	Lakas–CMD	1,073,750	3.67%
65	Lorna Verano-Yap	Liberal–PDP-Laban	1,050,304	3.59%
66	Felix Brawner Jr.	NPC	1,036,963	3.54%
67	Zosimo Paredes	NPC	1,029,813	3.52%
68	Leonardo Quisumbing	Lakas–CMD	1,021,627	3.49%
69	Rod B. Navarro	KBL	966,823	3.30%
70	Elsa Payumo	NPC	936,926	3.20%
71	Fortunato Abat	PRP	928,417	3.17%
72	Antonio Leviste	PRP	919,229	3.14%
73	Katrina Legarda	NPC	914,763	3.12%
74	Julio Cesar Climaco	NPC	882,680	3.01%
75	Rufus Rodriguez	NPC	812,144	2.77%
76	Macapanton Abbas	Liberal–PDP-Laban	806,434	2.75%
77	Wilson Gamboa Sr.	Nacionalista	803,995	2.75%
78	Blo Umpar Adiong	NPC	762,688	2.60%
79	Johnny Wilson	KBL	753,627	2.57%
80	Jose Malvar Romero Jr.	Lakas–CMD	739,919	2.53%
81	Marietta Corazon Primicias-Goco	Lakas–CMD	737,676	2.52%
82	Reynaldo San Juan	Liberal–PDP-Laban	729,610	2.49%
83	Ramon Garcia	Liberal–PDP-Laban	717,341	2.45%
84	Israel Bocobo	Lakas–CMD	707,568	2.42%
85	Rogelio Arienda	Nacionalista	704,450	2.41%
86	Jose Villegas Jr.	Lakas–CMD	688,718	2.35%
87	Jesus Antonio M. Carpio Sr.	Liberal–PDP-Laban	668,746	2.28%
88	James Barbers	KBL	664,019	2.27%
89	Manuel Barcelona Jr.	NPC	618,539	2.11%
90	Jaime Cura	Lakas–CMD	612,363	2.09%
91	Conrado Manicad	Lakas–CMD	606,577	2.07%
92	Fernando Barrican	NPC	602,169	2.06%
93	Mario Leviste	NPC	556,375	1.90%
94	Jose Lopez	Lakas–CMD	543,186	1.85%
95	Alejandro Fider	NPC	507,580	1.73%
96	Jonathan Rivera	PRP	502,858	1.72%
97	Miguel Acebedo	Liberal–PDP-Laban	477,778	1.63%
98	Elfren Cruz	Liberal–PDP-Laban	461,371	1.58%
99	Esteban Osmeña	Nacionalista	447,196	1.53%
100	Vicente Piccio Jr.	KBL	439,995	1.50%
101	Marcelino Arias	Nacionalista	428,716	1.46%
102	Mariano Reyes	PRP	414,577	1.42%
103	Doroteo Salazar	Nacionalista	414,061	1.41%
104	Arturo Padua	KBL	413,123	1.41%
105	Cristino Abasolo Jr.	PRP	409,905	1.40%
106	Oliver O. Lozano	KBL	407,538	1.39%
107	Abdullah Madale	PRP	391,723	1.34%
108	Jose Cordova	PRP	379,383	1.30%
109	Nora Daza	Nacionalista	379,157	1.29%
110	Josephus Ramas	KBL	378,451	1.29%
111	Dante De Guzman	PRP	376,327	1.29%
112	Mariano Santiago	Nacionalista	373,161	1.27%
113	Carlos Cajelo	PRP	370,901	1.27%
114	Alfredo Lamen	KBL	349,796	1.19%
115	Camilo Diel Jr.	Liberal–PDP-Laban	345,728	1.18%
116	Edgardo Abenina	Nacionalista	342,908	1.17%
117	Melchor Ines	PRP	337,449	1.15%
118	Ramon Tagle	Liberal–PDP-Laban	326,153	1.11%
119	Albert D. Umali	PRP	319,842	1.09%
120	Florangel Braid	Liberal–PDP-Laban	310,953	1.06%
121	Simeon Alejandro	KBL	308,618	1.05%
122	Rommel Corro	KBL	307,832	1.05%
123	Antonio Policarpio	PRP	299,538	1.02%
124	Renato Ecarma	PRP	291,236	0.99%
125	Salvador Panelo	KBL	289,416	0.99%
126	Jaime Echevarria	KBL	287,342	0.98%
127	Pacifico Lopez de Leon	KBL	283,236	0.97%
128	Ponciano Subido	Liberal–PDP-Laban	270,608	0.92%
129	Jaime Muyargas	PRP	258,711	0.88%
130	Jesus Martinez	KBL	257,276	0.88%
131	Abdul Sarip Macmod	KBL	250,548	0.86%
132	Roger Panotes	Nacionalista	242,543	0.83%
133	Raul Contreras	Liberal–PDP-Laban	224,004	0.76%
134	Efren Sumajit	PRP	215,563	0.74%
135	Oscar Morado	Liberal–PDP-Laban	203,859	0.70%
136	Leonora Petines	KBL	199,718	0.68%
137	Miguel Lopez Jr.	Independent	199,593	0.68%
138	Madrino Muñoz	KBL	199,359	0.68%
139	Gerardo Del Mundo	Liberal–PDP-Laban	197,249	0.67%
140	Crisostomo Vitug	Nacionalista	193,222	0.66%
141	Wilfredo Rafols	Liberal–PDP-Laban	186,004	0.64%
142	Elpidio Valera	KBL	185,845	0.63%
143	Amado Gat Inciong	Nacionalista	183,446	0.63%
144	Hjalmar Quintana	Nacionalista	165,212	0.56%
145	Luis Garchitorena	KBL	158,500	0.54%
146	Jovencio Kintanar	PMP	158,200	0.54%
147	Ramon Maronilla	Nacionalista	156,138	0.53%
148	Bonifacio Tupaz	Nacionalista	154,939	0.53%
149	Jose Tumbokon	KBL	151,748	0.52%
150	Benjamin Nuega	KBL	144,064	0.49%
151	Norberto Romualdez III	Nacionalista	141,741	0.48%
152	Genaro Mabasa	Liberal–PDP-Laban	133,677	0.46%
153	Alfredo De Gracia	KBL	116,981	0.40%
154	Gonzalo Villa	Nacionalista	111,753	0.38%
155	Juanito Arribas	Independent	105,671	0.36%
156	Horacio Marasigan	Nacionalista	105,172	0.36%
157	Alfredo Zerrudo	Liberal–PDP-Laban	96,614	0.33%
158	Dominico Casas	PRP	90,804	0.31%
159	Antonio Fa. Muyot	Nacionalista	61,339	0.21%
160	Conrado Leonardo	PMP	48,337	0.17%
161	Rolando Quintos	PMP	38,581	0.13%
162	Ruperto Martin	Liberal–PDP-Laban	11,784	0.04%
163	Datu Ray Ibrahim Uy	Nacionalista	6,278	0.02%
164	Melchor Chavez¹	Liberal–PDP-Laban	0	0.00%
165	Ceferino Padua Jr²	Liberal–PDP-Laban	0	0.00%
Total turnout			24,254,954	75.4%
Total votes			276,042,700	N/A
Registered voters			32,141,079	100.0%

^1 Disqualified

^2 Withdrew

House of Representatives



Party		Votes	%	Seats
	Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino	6,286,922	33.73	86
	Lakas–NUCD	3,951,144	21.20	41
	Nationalist People's Coalition	3,478,780	18.66	30
	Koalisyong Pambansa	1,644,568	8.82	11
	Nacionalista Party	730,696	3.92	7
	Kilusang Bagong Lipunan	438,577	2.35	3
	Coalitions	679,411	3.64	14
	Others	491,970	2.64	2
	Independent	938,558	5.04	6
Appointed seats				16
Total		18,640,626	100.00	216

Source: Nohlen, Grotz and Hartmann^[3] and Teehankee^[4]

Local elections

Local elections for all positions above the barangay level, but below the regional level, were held on this day.

Local plebiscites

Plebiscites to ratify the provincehood of Biliran and Guimaras were also done on this day. Both proposals were carried.

References

↑ Dieter Nohlen; Florian Grotz; Christof Hartmann; Graham Hassall; Soliman M. Santos.
Elections in Asia and the Pacific: A Data Handbook: Volume II: South East Asia, East Asia, and the South Pacific.
↑ Dieter Nohlen; Florian Grotz; Christof Hartmann; Graham Hassall; Soliman M. Santos.
Elections in Asia and the Pacific: A Data Handbook: Volume II: South East Asia, East Asia, and the South Pacific.
↑ Nohlen, Dieter; Grotz, Florian; Hartmann, Christof (eds.). Elections in Asia and the Pacific: A Data Handbook. Vol. 2: South East Asia, East Asia, and the South Pacific. Oxford: Oxford University Press..
↑ Teehankee, Julio (2002). "Electoral Politics in the Philippines" (PDF). In Croissant, Aurel (ed.). Electoral Politics in Southeast and East Asia. Singapore: Fiedrich-Ebert-Siftung. pp. 149–202 – via quezon.ph.

External links

Official website of the Commission on Elections

Elections and referendums in the Philippines
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