There have been two Governments of the 33rd Dáil, both coalition governments of Fianna Fáil, Fine Gael and the Green Party. This followed the 2020 general election to Dáil Éireann held on 8 February, and negotiations on a programme for government that lasted till June. The parties agreed on a rotation, with the two major party leaders alternating as Taoiseach.[1][2] The makeup of the parties resulted in a centrist coalition.[3] It was the first time that Fianna Fáil and Fine Gael have participated in the same government, which Leo Varadkar described as the end of what has often been referred to as Civil War politics.[4][5]

The 32nd Government of Ireland (27 June 2020 to 17 December 2022) was led by Micheál Martin, leader of Fianna Fáil, as Taoiseach, and Leo Varadkar, leader of Fine Gael, as Tánaiste. It lasted 906 days.

The 33rd Government of Ireland (17 December 2022 to present) is led by Varadkar as Taoiseach and Martin as Tánaiste. It has lasted 396 days to date.

32nd Government of Ireland

32nd Government of Ireland
Date formed27 June 2020
Date dissolved17 December 2022
People and organisations
PresidentMichael D. Higgins
TaoiseachMicheál Martin
TánaisteLeo Varadkar
No. of ministers15
Member parties
  •   Fianna Fáil
  •   Fine Gael
  •   Green Party
Status in legislatureMajority (coalition)
81 / 160 (51%)
Opposition cabinetSinn Féin Front Bench
Opposition partySinn Féin
Opposition leaderMary Lou McDonald
History
Election(s)2020 general election
Legislature term(s)
Budget(s)
Incoming formation2020 government formation
Predecessor31st Government
Successor33rd Government

Nomination of Taoiseach

The 33rd Dáil first met on 20 February 2020. Taoiseach and Fine Gael leader Leo Varadkar, Fianna Fáil leader Micheál Martin, Sinn Féin leader Mary Lou McDonald and Green Party leader Eamon Ryan were each proposed for nomination as Taoiseach. None of the four motions were successful. Varadkar announced that he would resign as Taoiseach but that under the provisions of Article 28.11 of the Constitution, the members of the government would continue to carry out their duties until their successors were appointed.[6][7]

On 27 June, the Dáil again debated nominations for the position of Taoiseach. The nomination of Martin was approved by the Dáil.[8] Martin was then appointed as Taoiseach by President Michael D. Higgins.[9][10]

27 June 2020
Nomination of Micheál Martin (FF) as Taoiseach
Motion proposed by Norma Foley and seconded by James O'Connor
Absolute majority: 81/160[11]
Vote Parties Votes
check YesFianna Fáil (37), Fine Gael (35), Green Party (12), Independents (9)
93 / 160
NoSinn Féin (37), Independents (7), Labour Party (6), Social Democrats (6), Solidarity–People Before Profit (5), Aontú (1), Right to Change (1)
63 / 160
AbstainIndependents (3)
3 / 160
Not votingCeann Comhairle (1)
1 / 160

Members of the Government

After his appointment as Taoiseach by the president, Micheál Martin proposed the members of the government and they were approved by the Dáil.[10][12][13] They were appointed by the president on the same day.[14][15][16][17]

Office Name Term Party
Taoiseach Micheál Martin[lower-alpha 1] 2020–2022 Fianna Fáil
Tánaiste Leo Varadkar Fine Gael
Minister for Enterprise, Trade and Employment[lower-alpha 2]
Minister for the Environment, Climate and Communications[lower-alpha 3] Eamon Ryan Green
Minister for Transport[lower-alpha 4]
Minister for Tourism, Culture, Arts, Gaeltacht, Sport and Media[lower-alpha 5] Catherine Martin Green
Minister for Children, Equality, Disability, Integration and Youth[lower-alpha 6] Roderic O'Gorman Green
Minister for Finance Paschal Donohoe Fine Gael
Minister for Foreign Affairs[lower-alpha 7] Simon Coveney Fine Gael
Minister for Defence
Minister for Justice[lower-alpha 8] Helen McEntee Fine Gael
Minister for Further and Higher Education, Research, Innovation and Science[lower-alpha 9] Simon Harris Fine Gael
Minister for Rural and Community Development Heather Humphreys Fine Gael
Minister for Social Protection[lower-alpha 10]
Minister for Education[lower-alpha 11] Norma Foley Fianna Fáil
Minister for Housing, Local Government and Heritage[lower-alpha 12] Darragh O'Brien Fianna Fáil
Minister for Agriculture, Food and the Marine Barry Cowen 2020 Fianna Fáil
Minister for Public Expenditure and Reform Michael McGrath 2020–2022 Fianna Fáil
Minister for Health Stephen Donnelly Fianna Fáil

Changes 15 July 2020

Following the sacking of Barry Cowen on 14 July 2020.[31][18][32][33]

Office Name Term Party
Minister for Agriculture, Food and the Marine Dara Calleary 2020 Fianna Fáil

Changes 2 September 2020

Following the resignation of Dara Calleary on 21 August 2020.[19][34][35][36][37]

Office Name Term Party
Minister for Agriculture, Food and the Marine Charlie McConalogue 2020–2022 Fianna Fáil

Change 27 April 2021

Temporary appointment during first maternity leave of Helen McEntee.[38][39][40][41][42]

Office Name Term Party
Minister for Justice Heather Humphreys Apr. to Nov. 2021 Fine Gael
Minister without portfolio Helen McEntee Fine Gael

Change 1 November 2021

Return of Helen McEntee from first maternity leave[43][44]

Office Name Term Party
Minister for Justice Helen McEntee 2021–2022 Fine Gael

Change 25 November 2022

Temporary appointment during the second maternity leave of Helen McEntee[45][46]

Office Name Term Party
Minister for Justice Heather Humphreys Nov.–Dec. 2022 Fine Gael
Minister without portfolio Helen McEntee Fine Gael
  1. ↑ Martin served as Minister for Agriculture, Food and the Marine between the sacking of Cowen on 14 July 2020 and the appointment of Calleary to government on 15 July 2020.[18] He served again from 21 August to 2 September 2020 after the resignation of Calleary.[19]
  2. ↑ The Department of Business, Enterprise and Innovation was renamed the Department of Enterprise, Trade and Employment on 10 November 2020.[20]
  3. ↑ The Department of Communications, Climate Action and Environment was renamed the Department of the Environment, Climate and Communications on 24 September 2020.[21]
  4. ↑ The Department of Transport, Tourism and Sport was renamed the Department of Transport on 17 September 2020.[22]
  5. ↑ The Department of Culture, Heritage and the Gaeltacht was renamed the Department of Tourism, Culture, Arts, Gaeltacht, Sport and Media on 30 September 2020.[23]
  6. ↑ The Department of Children and Youth Affairs was renamed the Department of Children, Equality, Disability, Integration and Youth on 15 October 2020.[24]
  7. ↑ The Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade was renamed the Department of Foreign Affairs on 24 September 2020.[25]
  8. ↑ The Department of Justice and Equality was renamed the Department of Justice on 1 November 2020.[26]
  9. ↑ The Department of Further and Higher Education, Research, Innovation and Science was established on 2 August 2020. Harris was a minister without portfolio until that date.[27]
  10. ↑ The Department of Employment Affairs and Social Protection was renamed the Department of Social Protection on 21 October 2020.[28]
  11. ↑ The Department of Education and Skills was renamed the Department of Education on 22 October 2020.[29]
  12. ↑ The Department of Housing, Planning and Local Government was renamed the Department of Housing, Local Government and Heritage on 30 September 2020.[30]

Attorney General

Paul Gallagher SC was appointed by the president as Attorney General on the nomination of the Taoiseach, a role he had previously served in from 2007 to 2011.[10][16]

Ministers of State

On 27 June 2020, the government on the nomination of the Taoiseach appointed Dara Calleary, TD, Hildegarde Naughton, TD, and Sen. Pippa Hackett as Ministers of State attending at cabinet without a vote.[15][10][47] Pippa Hackett is the first senator to have been appointed as a Minister of State. On 1 July, the government appointed a further seventeen Ministers of State on the nomination of the Taoiseach.[48][49][16][17]

Name Department(s) Responsibility Party
Dara Calleary
(In attendance at cabinet)		 Taoiseach[50]
Culture, Heritage and the Gaeltacht
Transport, Tourism and Sport		 Government Chief Whip
Gaeltacht and Sport		 Fianna Fáil
Hildegarde Naughton
(In attendance at cabinet)		 Transport[51]
Environment, Climate and Communications		 International and Road Transport
and Logistics, Postal Policy and Eircodes		 Fine Gael
Pippa Hackett
(In attendance at cabinet)		 Agriculture, Food and the Marine[52] Land Use and Biodiversity Green
Thomas Byrne Taoiseach
Foreign Affairs		 European Affairs Fianna Fáil
Patrick O'Donovan Public Expenditure and Reform Office of Public Works Fine Gael
Ossian Smyth Public Expenditure and Reform
Environment, Climate and Communications[53]		 Public Procurement and eGovernment
Communications and the Circular Economy		 Green
Jack Chambers Finance Financial Services, Credit Unions
and Insurance		 Fianna Fáil
Josepha Madigan Education[54] Special Education and Inclusion Fine Gael
Martin Heydon Agriculture, Food and the Marine Research & Development, Farm Safety
and New Market Development		 Fine Gael
Anne Rabbitte Children, Equality, Disability,
Integration and Youth[55]
Health[56]		 Disability Fianna Fáil
Colm Brophy Foreign Affairs Overseas Development Aid and Diaspora Fine Gael
Charlie McConalogue Justice Law Reform Fianna Fáil
Niall Collins Further and Higher Education, Research,
Innovation and Science		 Skills and Further Education Fianna Fáil
Joe O'Brien Rural and Community Development[57]
Social Protection		 Community Development and Charities Green
Peter Burke Housing, Local Government and Heritage[58] Local Government and Planning Fine Gael
Malcolm Noonan Housing, Local Government and Heritage[59] Heritage and Electoral Reform Green
Robert Troy Enterprise, Trade and Employment[60] Trade Promotion Fianna Fáil
Damien English Enterprise, Trade and Employment[61]
Social Protection		 Employment Affairs and Retail Businesses Fine Gael
Mary Butler Health[62] Mental Health and Older People Fianna Fáil
Frank Feighan Health[63] Public Health, Well Being
and National Drugs Strategy		 Fine Gael

Changes 15 July 2020

Following the appointment of Calleary to Government.[32]

Name Department(s) Responsibility Party
Jack Chambers
(In attendance at cabinet)		 Taoiseach[64]
Tourism, Culture, Arts, Gaeltacht,
Sport and Media[65]		 Government Chief Whip
Gaeltacht and Sport		 Fianna Fáil
Seán Fleming[66] Finance Financial Services, Credit Unions
and Insurance		 Fianna Fáil

Changes 2 September 2020

Following the appointment of McConalogue to Government.[35]

Name Department(s) Responsibility Party
James Browne Justice[67] Law Reform Fianna Fáil

Change 17 November 2020

Additional assignment.[68]

Name Department(s) Responsibility Party
Jack Chambers
(In attendance at cabinet)		 Defence Defence Fianna Fáil

Change 27 April 2021

Additional assignments during the maternity leave of Helen McEntee, expired on 1 November 2021.[41]

Name Department(s) Responsibility Party
Hildegarde Naughton
(In attendance at cabinet)		 Justice[69] Criminal justice Fine Gael
James Browne Justice[70] Civil justice and immigration Fianna Fáil

Change 31 August 2022

Following the resignation of Robert Troy on 24 August 2022.[71][72][73]

Name Department(s) Responsibility Party
Dara Calleary Enterprise, Trade and Employment[74] Trade Promotion, Digital
and Company Regulation		 Fianna Fáil

Events affecting the government

Minister for Agriculture, Food and the Marine Barry Cowen was sacked on 14 July 2020 because of driving offences which he had committed but not disclosed to Micheál Martin prior to his appointment to cabinet.[31] He was replaced by Dara Calleary.

Legislation was passed to allow each of three Ministers of State who attend cabinet meetings to receive an allowance, as previous legislation had provided an allowance for two only.[75] After public dissatisfaction with the proposal, the three ministers of state agreed on 28 July 2020 to share the existing allowance between them, rather than accept the increase.[76]

Minister for Agriculture, Food and the Marine Dara Calleary resigned on 21 August 2020 after the fallout from the Oireachtas Golf Society scandal.[34] Phil Hogan resigned as European Commissioner for Trade on 26 August 2020 in response to the same events.[77]

In October 2020, Village magazine published a claim that Leo Varadkar had provided a copy of a confidential document to the head of the National Association of General Practitioners that had been part of negotiations with the Irish Medical Organisation in April 2019 while Taoiseach.[78] Fine Gael issued a statement which described the article as "both inaccurate and grossly defamatory", and while accepting that the provision of the agreement by private channels was "not best practice", said there was nothing unlawful about what had occurred.[79] Sinn Féin tabled a motion of no confidence in the Tánaiste. In response, the Taoiseach moved a motion of confidence.

At a cabinet meeting in July 2021, Minister for Foreign Affairs Simon Coveney announced the appointment of Katherine Zappone, former Minister for Children and Youth Affairs, to the newly created position of Special Envoy to the UN for Freedom of Opinion and Expression. It emerged that the proposed appointment had not been flagged by Coveney with the Taoiseach in advance of the meeting.[80] Zappone declined the appointment after the Merrion Hotel controversy arose, in which the Irish Independent reported that six days prior to the announcement of her appointment, Zappone had hosted a gathering for 50 guests, including Tánaiste Leo Varadkar, at the Merrion Hotel while the COVID-19 pandemic was ongoing. Comparisons were made between the gathering and the Golfgate scandal earlier in the pandemic.[81] Sinn Féin tabled a motion of no confidence in Coveney, to be debated on 15 September on the return of the Dáil from the summer recess. In response, the Taoiseach moved a motion of confidence.[82]

On 6 July 2022, the government lost its majority after Fine Gael TD Joe McHugh voted against legislation underpinning a €2.7 billion mica redress scheme and subsequently resigned the Fine Gael party whip.[83] Sinn Féin tabled a motion of no confidence in the government, to be debated on 12 July before the summer recess.[84] In response, the Taoiseach moved a motion of confidence.[85]

On 24 August 2022, Robert Troy resigned as Minister of State at the Department of Enterprise, Trade and Employment after his failure to declare property interest was revealed by The Ditch.[71][86] He was succeeded by former Minister for Agriculture Dara Calleary.[87]

In December 2022, People Before Profit–Solidarity tabled a motion of no confidence in Minister for Housing Darragh O'Brien, to be debated on 13 December, four days before a new government was formed. The group claimed the worsening housing and homelessness crisis under O'Brien was "tearing apart the social fabric of Irish society and leading to the scapegoating of refugees". In response, the Taoiseach moved a motion of confidence.[88][89]

Budgets

The Minister for Finance, Paschal Donohoe, and Minister for Public Expenditure and Reform, Michael McGrath, delivered the following budgets:

Confidence in the government

On 10 November 2020, a motion of confidence in the Tánaiste and Minister for Enterprise, Trade and Employment, Leo Varadkar, proposed by Taoiseach Micheál Martin, was approved with 92 votes in favour to 65 against.[90]

On 15 September 2021, a motion of confidence in the Minister for Foreign Affairs and Defence, Simon Coveney, proposed by Taoiseach Micheál Martin, was approved with 92 votes in favour to 59 against.[91]

On 12 July 2022, a motion of confidence in the government, proposed by Taoiseach Micheál Martin, was approved with 85 votes in favour to 66 against, with one abstention.[92]

On 13 December 2022, a motion of confidence in the Minister for Housing, Local Government and Heritage, Darragh O'Brien, proposed by Taoiseach Micheál Martin, was approved with 86 votes in favour to 63 against, with one abstention.[93]

Resignation

Micheál Martin resigned as Taoiseach on Saturday 17 December 2022 to allow the appointment of Leo Varadkar as Taoiseach and the formation of a new government, a continuation of the coalition between Fianna Fáil, Fine Gael and the Green Party for the remainder of the 33rd Dáil.[94][95] The date agreed in the Programme for Government had been Thursday 15 December, but this date was put back to facilitate Martin's attendance at a meeting of the European Council.[2]

33rd Government of Ireland

33rd Government of Ireland
Date formed17 December 2022
People and organisations
PresidentMichael D. Higgins
TaoiseachLeo Varadkar
TánaisteMicheál Martin
No. of ministers15
Member parties
Status in legislatureMajority (coalition)
81 / 160 (51%)
Opposition cabinetSinn Féin Front Bench
Opposition partySinn Féin
Opposition leaderMary Lou McDonald
History
Election(s)2020 general election
Legislature term(s)
Budget(s)2024
Incoming formation2020 government formation
Predecessor32nd Government

Nomination of Taoiseach

After the resignation of Micheál Martin as Taoiseach on 17 December 2022, Leo Varadkar was proposed for the nomination of the Dáil for the position of Taoiseach.[96] This motion was approved and Varadkar was appointed by President Michael D. Higgins.[97][98]

17 December 2022
Nomination of Leo Varadkar (FG) as Taoiseach
Motion proposed by Richard Bruton and seconded by Emer Higgins
Absolute majority: 81/160[99]
Vote Parties Votes
check YesFianna Fáil (36), Fine Gael (32), Green Party (12), Independents (7)
87 / 160
NoSinn Féin (36), Labour Party (7), Social Democrats (5), People Before Profit–Solidarity (5), Aontú (1), Right to Change (1), Independents (7)
62 / 160
AbstainIndependent (1)
1 / 160
Absent or
Not voting		Ceann Comhairle, Leas-Cheann Comhairle,[lower-alpha 1] Fine Gael (1), Social Democrats (1),[lower-alpha 2] Independents (6)
10 / 160
  1. ↑ Catherine Connolly was presiding at time of the vote.
  2. ↑ Helen McEntee and Holly Cairns had a pairing agreement for the duration of McEntee's maternity leave.[100]

Members of the Government

After his appointment as Taoiseach by the president, Leo Varadkar proposed the members of the government and they were approved by the Dáil.[101][102] They were appointed by the president on the same day.[103][104]

Office Name Term Party
Taoiseach Leo Varadkar 2022–present Fine Gael
Tánaiste Micheál Martin Fianna Fáil
Minister for Foreign Affairs
Minister for Defence
Minister for the Environment, Climate and Communications Eamon Ryan Green
Minister for Transport
Minister for Finance Michael McGrath Fianna Fáil
Minister for Public Expenditure, National Development Plan Delivery and Reform[lower-alpha 1] Paschal Donohoe Fine Gael
Minister for Enterprise, Trade and Employment Simon Coveney Fine Gael
Minister for Education Norma Foley Fianna Fáil
Minister for Tourism, Culture, Arts, Gaeltacht, Sport and Media Catherine Martin Green
Minister for Housing, Local Government and Heritage Darragh O'Brien Fianna Fáil
Minister for Social Protection Heather Humphreys Fine Gael
Minister for Rural and Community Development
Minister for Agriculture, Food and the Marine Charlie McConalogue Fianna Fáil
Minister for Children, Equality, Disability, Integration and Youth Roderic O'Gorman Green
Minister for Health Stephen Donnelly Fianna Fáil
Minister for Further and Higher Education, Research, Innovation and Science Simon Harris Fine Gael
Minister for Justice[lower-alpha 2] 2022–2023
Minister without portfolio Helen McEntee[lower-alpha 3]

Change 1 June 2023

Return of Helen McEntee from maternity leave

Office Name Term Party
Minister for Justice Helen McEntee 2023–present Fine Gael
  1. ↑ The Department of Public Expenditure and Reform was renamed the Department of Public Expenditure, National Development Plan Delivery and Reform on 1 February 2023.[105]
  2. ↑ Harris served as Minister for Justice from December 2022 to June 2023 during the maternity leave of Helen McEntee.
  3. ↑ McEntee was a minister without portfolio during her maternity leave.

Attorney General

Rossa Fanning SC was appointed by the president as Attorney General on the nomination of the Taoiseach.[101][104]

Ministers of State

On 17 December 2022, the government on the nomination of the Taoiseach appointed Hildegarde Naughton, TD, Jack Chambers, TD, and Sen. Pippa Hackett as Ministers of State attending at cabinet without a vote.[104] On 21 December, the government appointed a further seventeen Ministers of State on the nomination of the Taoiseach.[106][107]

Name Department(s) Responsibility Party
Hildegarde Naughton
(In attendance at cabinet)		 Taoiseach[108]
Health		 Government Chief Whip
Public Health, Wellbeing and the National Drugs Strategy		 Fine Gael
Jack Chambers
(In attendance at cabinet)		 Transport
Environment, Climate and Communications		 International and Road Transport and Logistics
Postal Policy		 Fianna Fáil
Pippa Hackett
(In attendance at cabinet)		 Agriculture, Food and the Marine Land Use and Biodiversity Green
Peter Burke Taoiseach
Foreign Affairs
Defence		 European Affairs Fine Gael
Patrick O'Donovan Public Expenditure, National Development Plan Delivery and Reform
Tourism, Culture, Arts, Gaeltacht, Sport and Media		 Office of Public Works
Gaeltacht		 Fine Gael
Ossian Smyth Public Expenditure, National Development Plan Delivery and Reform
Environment, Climate and Communications		 Public Procurement and eGovernment
Communications and the Circular Economy		 Green
Jennifer Carroll MacNeill Finance[109] Financial Services, Credit Unions
and Insurance		 Fine Gael
Josepha Madigan Education Special Education and Inclusion Fine Gael
Martin Heydon Agriculture, Food and the Marine Research & Development, Farm Safety
and New Market Development		 Fine Gael
Anne Rabbitte Children, Equality, Disability,
Integration and Youth
Health		 Disability Fianna Fáil
Seán Fleming Foreign Affairs International Development and Diaspora Fianna Fáil
James Browne Justice Law Reform and Youth Justice Fianna Fáil
Niall Collins Further and Higher Education, Research,
Innovation and Science		 Skills and Further Education Fianna Fáil
Joe O'Brien Rural and Community Development
Social Protection
Children, Equality, Disability, Integration and Youth		 Community Development and Charities
Integration		 Green
Kieran O'Donnell Housing, Local Government and Heritage Local Government and Planning Fine Gael
Malcolm Noonan Housing, Local Government and Heritage Heritage and Electoral Reform Green
Dara Calleary Enterprise, Trade and Employment[110] Trade Promotion and Digital Transformation Fianna Fáil
Damien English Enterprise, Trade and Employment
Social Protection		 Employment Affairs and Retail Business Fine Gael
Mary Butler Health Mental Health and Older People Fianna Fáil
Thomas Byrne Tourism, Culture, Arts, Gaeltacht, Sport and Media Sport and Physical Education Fianna Fáil

Change 13 January 2023

Following the resignation of Damien English on 12 January 2023.[111][112][113]

Name Department(s) Responsibility Party
Neale Richmond Enterprise, Trade and Employment[114]
Social Protection		 Employment Affairs and Retail Business Fine Gael

Events affecting the government

A month after the government was formed, in January 2023, news website The Ditch published a story claiming Minister of State for Employment Affairs and Retail Business Damien English failed to declare ownership of an existing home in his planning application for a new property in 2008. It also claimed he neglected to declare such ownership in the Dáil register of interests.[115][116] He resigned as Minister of State on 12 January 2023.[117][118] He was succeeded by Neale Richmond.[113]

Also in January, the Sunday Independent revealed that Minister for Public Expenditure, National Development Plan Delivery and Reform Paschal Donohoe failed to properly declare a donation from a company in 2016. The Standards in Public Office Commission (SIPO) made a complaint against Donohoe that the Designer Group engineering firm used two company vans and six employees to erect and later remove election posters for Donohoe in his Dublin Central constituency during the 2016 general election campaign.[119] On 14 January, Donohoe began conducting a review of his election expenses statements amid the allegations which he had denied.[120] The next day, on 15 January, he apologised for making incorrect declarations of election expenses and donations during his campaign and said he would recuse himself from any decision making around ethics legislation while the SIPO investigated him, but refused to resign as minister.[121][122] The controversy intensified on 20 January when Donohoe identified a new issue over expenses from the 2020 general election.[123]

In March 2023, the government ended a ban on evictions, with effect from 31 March. Sinn Féin tabled a motion calling on the government to extend the ban until the end of January 2024. A government amendment to this motion was carried by a vote of 83 to 68.[124] In a series of votes, Green Party TD Neasa Hourigan broke with the government whip, leading to her suspension from the parliamentary party.[125] The Labour Party tabled a motion of no confidence in the government.[126][127]

Budgets

The Minister for Finance, Michael McGrath, and Minister for Public Expenditure, National Development Plan Delivery and Reform, Paschal Donohoe, delivered the following budgets:

Confidence in the government

On 29 March 2023, a motion of confidence in the government, proposed by Taoiseach Leo Varadkar, was approved with 86 votes in favour to 67 against.[128]

See also

References

  1. ↑ "FF, FG and Green Party agree historic coalition deal". RTÉ News and Current Affairs. 26 June 2020. Archived from the original on 26 June 2020. Retrieved 26 June 2020.
  2. 1 2 Cunningham, Paul (9 November 2022). "Govt agrees 17 December as date for Taoiseach change". RTÉ News. Archived from the original on 10 November 2022. Retrieved 11 November 2022.
  3. ↑ Varadkar returns as Irish leader in political job-share deal
  4. ↑ Blackall, Molly; agencies (27 June 2020). "Micheál Martin becomes Irish taoiseach in historic coalition". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 27 June 2020. Retrieved 28 June 2020.
  5. ↑ O'Halloran, Marie; Kelly, Fiach; Leahy, Pat (27 June 2020). "Micheál Martin elected Taoiseach as head of coalition". The Irish Times. Archived from the original on 8 August 2020. Retrieved 28 June 2020.
  6. ↑ Constitution of Ireland, Article 28.11.
  7. ↑ "Nomination of Taoiseach – Dáil Éireann (33rd Dáil) – Thursday, 20 February 2020". Houses of the Oireachtas. 20 February 2020. Archived from the original on 27 February 2020. Retrieved 28 June 2020.
  8. ↑ "Nomination of Taoiseach (Resumed) – Dáil Éireann (33rd Dáil) – Saturday, 27 June 2020". Houses of the Oireachtas. 27 June 2020. Archived from the original on 29 June 2020. Retrieved 28 June 2020.
  9. ↑ "President Higgins presents Taoiseach with Seal of Office". President of Ireland. 27 June 2020. Archived from the original on 29 June 2020. Retrieved 27 June 2020.
  10. 1 2 3 4 "Appointment of Taoiseach and Nomination of Members of Government: Motion – Dáil Éireann (33rd Dáil) – Saturday, 29 June 2020". Houses of the Oireachtas. 27 June 2020. Archived from the original on 28 October 2020. Retrieved 29 June 2020.
  11. ↑ "Nomination of Taoiseach (Resumed) – Votes – Dáil Éireann (33rd Dáil) – Saturday, 27 June 2020". Houses of the Oireachtas. 27 June 2020. Archived from the original on 29 June 2020. Retrieved 28 June 2020. That Dáil Éireann nominate Deputy Micheál Martin for appointment by the President to be Taoiseach
  12. ↑ Lehane, Mícheál (27 June 2020). "New coalition Cabinet: who has got what". RTÉ News and Current Affairs. Archived from the original on 23 September 2021. Retrieved 27 June 2020.
  13. ↑ "Statement by the Taoiseach, Micheál Martin TD, Announcement of Government". gov.ie. Government of Ireland. 27 June 2020. Archived from the original on 27 June 2020. Retrieved 27 June 2020.
  14. ↑ "President appoints members of Government". President of Ireland. 27 June 2020. Archived from the original on 30 June 2020. Retrieved 29 June 2020.
  15. 1 2 "Assignment of Departments of State; Appointment of Ministers of State" (PDF). Iris Oifigiúil. 2020 (54): 778–779. 7 July 2020. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 August 2022. Retrieved 24 August 2022.
  16. 1 2 3 "Appointment of Ministers and Ministers of State – Dáil Éireann (33rd Dáil) – Tuesday, 7 July 2020". Houses of the Oireachtas. 7 July 2020. Archived from the original on 9 July 2020. Retrieved 7 July 2020.
  17. 1 2 "Government Ministers". Government of Ireland. 22 December 2020. Archived from the original on 7 August 2020. Retrieved 4 January 2021.
  18. 1 2 "Termination of Ministerial Appointment: Announcement by Taoiseach – Dáil Éireann (33rd Dáil) – Tuesday, 14 July 2020". Houses of the Oireachtas. 14 July 2020. Archived from the original on 20 July 2020. Retrieved 15 July 2020.
  19. 1 2 "Assignment of Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine; Resignation of member of the Government" (PDF). Iris Oifigiúil. 2020 (69): 974. 28 August 2020. Archived (PDF) from the original on 18 November 2021. Retrieved 26 December 2021.
  20. ↑ Business, Enterprise and Innovation (Alteration of Name of Department and Title of Minister) Order 2020 (S.I. No. 519 of 2020). Signed on 10 November 2020. Statutory Instrument of the Government of Ireland. Retrieved from Irish Statute Book on 17 November 2020.
  21. ↑ Communications, Climate Action and Environment (Alteration of Name of Department and Title of Minister) Order 2020 (S.I. No. 373 of 2020). Signed on 22 September 2020. Statutory Instrument of the Government of Ireland. Retrieved from Irish Statute Book on 15 October 2020.
  22. ↑ Transport, Tourism and Sport (Alteration of Name of Department and Title of Minister) Order 2020 (S.I. No. 351 of 2020). Signed on 15 September 2020. Statutory Instrument of the Government of Ireland. Retrieved from Irish Statute Book on 25 September 2020.
  23. ↑ Culture, Heritage and the Gaeltacht (Alteration of Name of Department and Title of Minister) Order 2020 (S.I. No. 403 of 2020). Signed on 29 September 2020. Statutory Instrument of the Government of Ireland. Retrieved from Irish Statute Book on 15 October 2020.
  24. ↑ Children and Youth Affairs (Alteration of Name of Department and Title of Minister) Order 2020 (S.I. No. 437 of 2020). Signed on 13 October 2020. Statutory Instrument of the Government of Ireland. Retrieved from Irish Statute Book on 1 November 2020.
  25. ↑ Foreign Affairs and Trade (Alteration of Name of Department and Title of Minister) Order 2020 (S.I. No. 382 of 2020). Signed on 22 September 2020. Statutory Instrument of the Government of Ireland. Retrieved from Irish Statute Book on 15 October 2020.
  26. ↑ Justice and Equality (Alteration of Name of Department and Title of Minister) Order 2020 (S.I. No. 452 of 2020). Signed on 20 October 2020. Statutory Instrument of the Government of Ireland. Retrieved from Irish Statute Book on 1 November 2020.
  27. ↑ Ministers and Secretaries and Ministerial, Parliamentary, Judicial and Court Offices (Amendment) Act 2020, s. 1: Department of Further and Higher Education, Research, Innovation and Science (No. 10 of 2020, s. 1). Enacted on 2 August 2020. Act of the Oireachtas. Retrieved from Irish Statute Book on 21 August 2020.
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