49th Parliament of New Zealand
48th Parliament 50th Parliament
Overview
Legislative bodyNew Zealand Parliament
Term8 December 2008 – 20 October 2011
Election2008 New Zealand general election
GovernmentFifth National Government
House of Representatives
Members122
Speaker of the HouseLockwood Smith
Leader of the HouseGerry Brownlee
Prime MinisterJohn Key
Leader of the OppositionPhil Goff
Sovereign
MonarchElizabeth II
Governor-GeneralAnand Satyanand

The 49th New Zealand Parliament was elected at the 2008 election. It comprised 122 members, including an overhang of two seats (an increase of one from the 48th Parliament) caused by the Māori Party having won two more electorate seats than its share of the party vote would otherwise have given it. The Parliament served from December 2008 until the November 2011 election.

New Zealand uses the mixed-member proportional (MMP) system to elect its parliaments. Seventy of the members of the 49th Parliament represented geographical electorates: sixteen in the South Island, 47 in the North Island (one more than for the 48th Parliament) and seven Māori electorates. The remaining 52 (increased from fifty by the overhang) were elected from nationwide party vote candidate lists to realise proportionality.

There were 10 resignations leading to Electoral Commission replacement selections for new list candidates from four parliamentary parties. Lockwood Smith was the Speaker in the 49th Parliament.

Electorate boundaries for 49th Parliament

The Representation Commission altered many of the boundaries of New Zealand's parliamentary electorates following the 2006 census; the large growth in population between censuses lead to significant boundary changes, particularly in Auckland, the area around Christchurch and the central North Island. In May 2007, the Representation Commission announced the boundary changes[1] to take effect for the next general election, with the boundaries finalised in September 2007.

The Commission announced the formation of a new electorate in Greater Auckland, bringing the number of geographical constituencies to 70. The new electorate, originally dubbed "Howick" (after the Auckland suburb), would have included parts of the existing Pakuranga, Manukau East and Clevedon electorates.[1] After Pakuranga electors strongly objected to the proposed changes (which would have seen the inclusion of the population centres Panmure, Point England and Glen Innes into the electorate) the Commission largely reverted proposed changes to the boundaries of the Pakuranga electorate. The Commission opted to alleviate population pressures by moving the Auckland City suburb of Otahuhu into Manukau East. The revised new electorate received the name Botany to reflect its focus on the growing population-centres of Botany DownsDannemora. On paper, Botany counts as a safe National seat.

Even though the number of South Island electorates remains fixed, the decline in the population of electorates south of Christchurch resulted in the boundaries of electorates from Invercargill north to Rakaia shifting northwards. The electorates of Aoraki, Otago, Rakaia and Banks Peninsula all gravitated towards Christchurch. In the process:

Other electorates in the lower South Island increased substantially in size.

2008 election results

The figures below are based on official results[2] A decrease of 7 MPs is shown for "Other Parties" because the New Zealand First party of Winston Peters did not win an electorate seat or 5% of the party vote, and hence was not allocated any seats in the new Parliament.

Summary of the 8 November 2008 election for the House of Representatives[3]
Party Party vote Electorate vote Seats
Votes  % Change
(pp)
Votes  % Change
(pp)
List Electorate Total +/-
National 1,053,398 44.93 Increase5.83 1,072,024 46.60 Increase6.22 17 41 58 Increase10
Labour 796,880 33.99 Decrease7.11 810,238 35.22 Decrease5.13 22 21 43 Decrease7
Green 157,613 6.72 Increase1.42 129,584 5.63 Increase1.51 9 0 9 Increase3
ACT 85,496 3.65 Increase2.14 68,852 2.99 Increase1.02 4 1 5 Increase3
Māori Party 55,980 2.39 Increase0.27 76,836 3.34 Decrease0.02 0 5 5 Increase1
Progressive 21,241 0.91 Decrease0.25 25,981 1.13 Decrease0.51 0 1 1 Steady
United Future 20,497 0.87 Decrease1.80 25,955 1.13 Decrease1.71 0 1 1 Decrease2
NZ First 95,356 4.07 Decrease1.65 38,813 1.69 Decrease1.80 0 0 0 Decrease7
Bill and Ben 13,016 0.56 new 0 0 0 new
Kiwi 12,755 0.54 new 15,528 0.68 new 0 0 0 new
Legalise Cannabis 9,515 0.41 Increase0.16 3,884 0.17 Increase0.05 0 0 Steady
Pacific 8,640 0.37 new 9,714 0.42 new 0 0 0 new
Family Party 8,176 0.35 new 9,214 0.40 new 0 0 0 new
Alliance 1,909 0.08 Increase0.01 1,885 0.08 Decrease0.01 0 0 0 Steady
Democrats 1,208 0.05 Steady 1,758 0.08 Increase0.05 0 0 0 Steady
Libertarianz 1,176 0.05 Increase0.01 1,739 0.08 Increase0.05 0 0 0 Steady
Workers Party 932 0.04 new 480 0.02 new 0 0 0 new
RAM 465 0.02 new 1,213 0.05 new 0 0 new
RONZ 313 0.01 new 192 0.01 new 0 0 new
Unregistered parties 1,363 0.06 Decrease0.01 0 0 Steady
Independent 5,013 0.53 Decrease0.31 0 0 Steady
Valid votes 2,344,566 98.66 Decrease0.11 2,300,266 96.79 Decrease0.2
Informal vote 11,970 0.50 Increase0.04 25,332 1.07 Decrease0.01
Disallowed votes 19,944 0.84 Increase0.07 50,882 2.14 Increase0.26
Below electoral threshold 153,461 6.46
Total 2,376,480 100 2,376,480 100 52 70 122 Increase1
Eligible voters and Turnout 2,990,759 79.46 Decrease1.46 2,990,759 79.46 Decrease1.46

Members of the 49th New Zealand Parliament

New Zealand National Party (58)

Name Electorate Term in office Portfolios & Responsibilities
Lockwood SmithRodney1984
  • Speaker of the House
  • Chair of the Business select committee
  • Chair of the Officers of Parliament select committee
  • Chair of the Standing Orders select committee
Lindsay TischWaikato1999
  • Deputy Speaker
  • Deputy chair of the Officers of Parliament select committee
Eric RoyInvercargill19932002; 2005
  • Assistant Speaker
Ministers in Cabinet
John KeyHelensville2002
  • Prime Minister
  • Minister of Tourism
  • Minister in Charge of Ministerial Services
  • Minister in Charge of the NZ Security Intelligence Service
  • Minister Responsible for the Government Communications Security Bureau (GCSB)
  • Leader of the National Party
Bill EnglishClutha-Southland1990
  • Deputy Prime Minister
  • Minister of Finance
  • Minister for Infrastructure
  • Deputy Leader of the National Party
Gerry BrownleeIlam1996
  • Leader of the House
  • Minister for Economic Development
  • Minister of Energy and Resources
  • Minister of Earthquake Recovery
  • Associate Minister for the Rugby World Cup
  • Deputy Chair of the Privileges Committee
Simon PowerRangitīkei1999
  • Minister of Justice
  • Minister for State Owned Enterprises
  • Minister of Commerce
  • Minister Responsible for the Law Commission
  • Minister of Consumer Affairs
  • Associate Minister of Finance
  • Deputy Leader of the House
Tony RyallBay of Plenty1990
  • Minister of Health
  • Minister of State Services
Nick SmithNelson1990
  • Minister for the Environment
  • Minister for Climate Change Issues
  • Minister for ACC
Judith CollinsPapakura2002
  • Minister of Police
  • Minister of Corrections
  • Minister of Veterans’ Affairs
Anne TolleyEast Coast19992002; 2005
  • Minister of Education
  • Minister Responsible for the Education Review Office
Chris Finlayson2005
  • Attorney-General
  • Minister for Treaty of Waitangi Negotiations
  • Minister for Arts, Culture and Heritage
David Carter1994 byelection
  • Minister of Agriculture
  • Minister for Biosecurity
  • Minister of Forestry
Murray McCullyEast Coast Bays1987
  • Minister of Foreign Affairs
  • Minister for Sport and Recreation
  • Minister for the Rugby World Cup
Tim Groser2005
  • Minister of Trade
  • Associate Minister of Foreign Affairs
  • Associate Minister for Climate Change Issues (International Negotiations)
Wayne MappNorth Shore1996
  • Minister of Defence
  • Minister of Research, Science and Technology
  • Associate Minister for Economic Development
  • Associate Minister for Tertiary Education
Steven Joyce2008
  • Minister of Transport
  • Minister for Communications and Information Technology
  • Minister for Tertiary Education
  • Associate Minister of Finance
  • Associate Minister for Infrastructure
Georgina te Heuheu1996
  • Minister for Courts
  • Minister of Pacific Island Affairs
  • Minister for Disarmament and Arms Control
  • Associate Minister of Maori Affairs
Paula BennettWaitakere2005
  • Minister for Social Development and Employment
  • Minister of Youth Affairs
Phil HeatleyWhangarei1999
  • Minister of Fisheries
  • Minister of Housing
Jonathan ColemanNorthcote2005
  • Minister of Immigration
  • Minister of Broadcasting
  • Associate Minister of Tourism
  • Associate Minister of Health
Kate Wilkinson2005
  • Minister of Conservation
  • Minister of Labour
  • Minister for Food Safety
  • Associate Minister of Immigration
Hekia Parata2008
  • Minister of Ethnic Affairs
  • Minister of Women's Affairs
  • Associate Minister of Energy
  • Associate Minister of Community and Voluntary Sector
  • Associate Minister of ACC
Maurice WilliamsonPakuranga1987
  • Minister for Building and Construction
  • Minister of Customs
  • Minister of Statistics
  • Minister for Small Business
  • Minister for Land Information
Nathan GuyŌtaki2005
  • Minister of Internal Affairs
  • Minister Responsible for Archives New Zealand
  • Minister Responsible for the National Library
  • Associate Minister of Justice
  • Associate Minister of Transport
Craig FossTukituki2005
  • Minister of Civil Defence
  • Minister of Senior Citizens
  • Minister of Racing
  • Associate Minister for Local Government
  • Associate Minister of Commerce
Members of Parliament
Chris TremainNapier2005
  • Senior Government Whip
  • Deputy Chair of the Finance and Expenditure select committee
Jo GoodhewRangitata2005
  • Junior Government Whip
  • Former Chair of the Social Services select committee
Amy AdamsSelwyn2008
  • Chairperson, Electoral Legislation Committee
  • Chair of the Finance and Expenditure Select Committee
Shane ArdernTaranaki-King Country1998 byelection
  • Chair of the Primary Production select committee
Paul HutchisonHunua1999
  • Chair of the Health select committee
Tau Henare19931999; 2005
  • Chair of the Māori Affairs select committee
  • Deputy Chair Auckland Governance Select Committee
Sandra GoudieCoromandel2002
  • Chair of the Law and Order select committee
Chris AuchinvoleWest Coast-Tasman2005
  • Chair of the Local Government and Environment select committee
David BennettHamilton East2005
  • Chair of the Transport and Industrial Relations select committee
Chester BorrowsWhanganui2005
  • Chair of the Justice and Electoral select committee
John HayesWairarapa2005
  • Chair of the Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade select committee
Katrina Shanks2007 –
  • Chair of the Social Services select committee
Jackie Blue2005
  • Deputy chair of the Transport and Industrial Relations select committee
Jacqui DeanWaitaki2005
  • Deputy Chair of the Government Administration select committee
  • Deputy Chair of the Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade select committee
Colin KingKaikōura2005
  • Deputy Chair of the Primary Production select committee
Nicky Wagner2005
  • Deputy Chair of the Local Government and Environment select committee
Simon BridgesTauranga2008
  • Deputy Chair of the Justice and Electoral select committee
Peseta Sam Lotu-IigaMaungakiekie2008
  • Deputy Chair of the Commerce select committee
Todd McClayRotorua2008
  • Deputy Chair of Social Services Select Committee
Nikki KayeAuckland Central2008
  • Deputy Chair Government Administration Select Committee
Melissa Lee2008
Tim MacindoeHamilton West2008
Paul Quinn2008
Kanwal Singh Bakshi2008
Louise UpstonTaupō2008
Michael Woodhouse2008
Jonathan YoungNew Plymouth2008
Aaron Gilmore2008
Cam CalderJune 2009–
Jami-Lee RossBotanyFebruary 2011–
members of the National caucus who resigned, retired or died during the term of the 49th Parliament
Richard Worth1999 – June 2009 (resigned)succeeded by Cam Calder
Pansy WongBotany1996 – 2011 (resigned)succeeded by Jami-Lee Ross
John CarterNorthland1987 – June 2011 (resigned)Became High Commissioner to Cook Islands
Allan PeacheyTāmaki2005 – 6 November 2011 (died)
  • Chair of the Education and Science select committee

New Zealand Labour Party (42)

Name Electorate term in office responsibilities
Phil GoffMount Roskill19811990; 1993
Annette KingRongotai19841990; 1993
  • Deputy Leader of the Opposition
  • Deputy Leader of the Labour Party
David CunliffeNew Lynn1999
Ruth DysonPort Hills1993
  • Shadow Minister of Health
  • Deputy Chair of the Health select committee
Parekura HoromiaIkaroa-Rāwhiti1999
  • Shadow Minister of Maori Affairs
  • Shadow Minister of Fisheries
Clayton CosgroveWaimakariri1999
  • Shadow Minister of Police
  • Shadow Minister of Corrections
  • Shadow Minister for State-Owned Enterprises
  • Associate Shadow Minister of Finance
  • Deputy chair of the Law and Order select committee
Chris CarterTe Atatu1993
  • Shadow Minister for Education
  • Shadow Minister of Ethnic Affairs
Maryan Street2005
  • Shadow Minister of Trade
  • Shadow Minister for Tertiary Education
Nanaia MahutaHauraki-Waikato1996
David Parker2002
  • Shadow Attorney-General
  • Shadow Minister for Electoral Reform
  • Shadow Minister of ACC
  • Associate Shadow Minister of Finance
  • Chair of the Government Administration select committee
Shane Jones2005
  • Shadow Minister of Local Government
  • Shadow Minister of Building and Construction
  • Shadow Minister for Infrastructure
Trevor MallardHutt South19841990; 1993
  • Shadow Minister of Labour
  • Shadow Minister for Economic Development and Employment
  • Shadow Minister for Sport and Recreation
Lianne DalzielChristchurch East1990
Charles Chauvel2006 –
  • Shadow Minister for Climate Change
  • Shadow Minister of Energy
  • Associate Shadow Minister of Commerce
  • Chair of the Regulations Review select committee
  • Chair of the Privileges Committee
Pete HodgsonDunedin North1990
  • Shadow Minister of Immigration
  • Shadow Minister of Defence
Moana Mackey2003 –
  • Shadow Minister for Rural Affairs
  • Shadow Minister for Research and Development
  • Shadow Minister for Science and Technology
Steve Chadwick1999
  • Junior Whip
  • Shadow Minister for Conservation
Sue Moroney2005
  • Shadow Minister for Women's Affairs
  • Shadow Minister for Early Childhood Education
Rick Barker1993
  • Senior Whip
  • Shadow Minister for Courts
  • Shadow Minister of Veterans' Affairs
Ross RobertsonManukau East1987
  • Assistant Speaker
  • Deputy Chair of the Officers of Parliament select committee
  • Shadow Minister for Small Business
  • Shadow Minister for Senior Citizens
  • Shadow Minister for Racing
  • Associate Shadow Minister for Disarmament and Arms Control
George HawkinsManurewa1990
  • Shadow Minister of Housing
Damien O'Connor19932008; May 2009 -
  • Shadow Minister of Agriculture
  • Shadow Minister of Rural Affairs
  • Shadow Minister of Biosecurity
Mita Ririnui1999
  • Shadow Minister of Forestry
  • Associate Shadow Minister of Treaty Negotiations
  • Associate Shadow Minister of Agriculture
Lynne Pillay1999
  • Shadow Minister for Disability Issues
  • Associate Shadow Minister of Justice
Ashraf Choudhary2002
  • Shadow Minister for Food Safety
  • Shadow Minister for Agricultural Science
  • Associate Shadow Minister for Ethnic Affairs
Darien Fenton2005
  • Shadow Minister for Transport Safety
  • Associate Shadow Minister of Labour
William SioMangereApril 2008 –
  • Shadow Minister of Customs
  • Associate Shadow Minister for Pacific Island Affairs
  • Associate Shadow Minister of Local Government
Jacinda Ardern2008
  • Shadow Minister for Youth Affairs
  • Associate Shadow Minister of Justice
Carol Beaumont2008
  • Shadow Minister for Consumer Affairs
  • Associate Shadow Minister of Labour
Brendon BurnsChristchurch Central2008
  • Shadow Minister of Broadcasting
  • Associate Shadow Minister for the Environment
Clare CurranDunedin South2008
  • Shadow Minister for Communication and IT
Kelvin Davis2008
  • Shadow Minister for Biosecurity
  • Associate Shadow Minister of Education
Chris HipkinsRimutaka2008
  • Shadow Minister of Internal Affairs
  • Associate Shadow Minister of Energy
Raymond Huo2008
  • Shadow Minister Responsible for the Law Commission
  • Shadow Minister of Statistics
  • Associate Shadow Minister for Ethnic Affairs
Iain Lees-GallowayPalmerston North2008
  • Shadow Minister for Land Information
  • Associate Shadow Minister of Defence
  • Associate Shadow Minister of Health
Stuart Nash2008
  • Shadow Minister of Revenue
  • Associate Shadow Minister of Trade
  • Associate Shadow Minister of Forestry
Rajen Prasad2008
  • Shadow Minister for the Voluntary and Community Sector
  • Associate Shadow Minister for Ethnic Affairs
  • Associate Shadow Minister for Social Development and Employment
Grant RobertsonWellington Central2008
  • Shadow Minister of State Services
  • Associate Shadow Minister for Arts, Culture, and Heritage
  • Associate Shadow Minister of Foreign Affairs
Carmel Sepuloni2008
  • Shadow Minister of Civil Defence
  • Associate Shadow Minister for Tertiary Education
  • Associate Shadow Minister for Social Development and Employment
Phil Twyford2008
  • Shadow Minister for Disarmament and Arms Control
  • Shadow Minister for Auckland Issues
  • Associate Shadow Minister of Foreign Affairs
David ShearerMount AlbertJune 2009
Kris FaafoiManaNovember 2010
Louisa WallApril 2011
members of the Labour caucus who resigned or retired during the term of the 49th Parliament
Helen ClarkMount Albert1981 – 17 April 2009

resigned to become head of the United Nations Development Program; replaced by David Shearer

Michael Cullen1981 – May 2009replaced by Damien O'Connor
Winnie LabanMana1999– October 2010replaced by Kris Faafoi
Darren Hughes2002 – April 2011replaced by Louisa Wall

Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand (9)

Name Electorate term in office responsibilities
Metiria Turei2002
  • Co-leader of the Green Party (May 2009–)
Russel Norman2008 –
  • Co-leader of the Green Party
Kennedy Graham2008
  • 'Musterer' (party whip)
Sue Kedgley1999
Keith Locke1999
Catherine Delahunty2008
Kevin Hague2008
David Clendon2009 –
Gareth Hughes2010 –
members of the Greens caucus who retired during the term of the 49th Parliament
Sue Bradford1999–2009
Jeanette Fitzsimons1996–2010
  • Co-leader of the Green Party (1995–2009)

ACT New Zealand (5)

Name Electorate term in office responsibilities
Rodney HideEpsom1996
  • Minister of Local Government
  • Minister for Regulatory Reform
  • Associate Minister of Education
John Boscawen2008
  • Parliamentary Leader of the ACT Party
Heather Roy2002
Roger Douglas19691990; 2008
Hilary Calvert2010 –
  • Party Whip
members of the ACT caucus who resigned or retired during the term of the 49th Parliament
David Garrett2008–2010

Māori Party (4)

Name Electorate term in office responsibilities
Tariana TuriaTe Tai Hauāuru1996–2014
  • Minister for the Community and Voluntary Sector
  • Associate Minister of Health
  • Associate Minister of Social Development and Employment
  • Minister for Disability Issues
  • Co-leader of the Māori Party
Pita SharplesTāmaki Makaurau2005–2011
  • Minister of Maori Affairs
  • Associate Minister of Education
  • Associate Minister of Corrections
  • Co-leader of the Māori Party
Te Ururoa FlavellWaiāriki2005–2017
  • Party whip
Rahui KateneTe Tai Tonga2008–2011
members of the Māori Party caucus who resigned or retired during the term of the 49th Parliament
Hone HarawiraTe Tai Tokerau2008–2011

United Future New Zealand (1)

Name Electorate term in office responsibilities
Peter DunneŌhariu1984–2017
  • Minister of Revenue
  • Associate Minister of Health
  • Deputy Chair of the Emissions Trading Scheme Review committee
  • Deputy Chair Standing Orders Select Committee
  • Parliamentary Leader of United Future Party

Jim Anderton's Progressive Party (1)

Name Electorate term in office responsibilities
Jim AndertonWigram1984
  • Parliamentary Leader of Progressive Party
  • Father of the House
  • Former Shadow Minister of Agriculture

Mana Party (1)

Name Electorate term in office responsibilities
Hone HarawiraTe Tai Tokerau2011*Note: Previously sat until 20 May 2011, resumed his seat on 2 August 2011

Independent (1)

Name Electorate term in office responsibilities
Chris CarterTe Atatū19931996; 1999
  • Former Deputy chair of the Education and Science select committee
  • Permanently Expelled from Labour Party Caucus and Party membership
  • Note: did not retain membership of any select committee positions during expulsion

By-elections during 49th Parliament

There were a number of changes during the term of the 49th Parliament.

Electorate and by-electionDateIncumbentCauseWinner
Mount Albert 2009 13 June Helen Clark Resignation; appointed to the UNDP David Shearer
Mana 2010 20 November Winnie Laban Resignation Kris Faafoi
Botany 2011 5 March Pansy Wong Resignation Jami-Lee Ross
Te Tai Tokerau 2011 25 June Hone Harawira Resignation; established the Mana Movement Hone Harawira

Summary of changes during term

  • Helen Clark resigned in April 2009 to take up a position as Administrator of the United Nations Development Programme. The resulting Mount Albert by-election was won by David Shearer on 13 June 2009.
  • Michael Cullen resigned in April 2009 to become the deputy chairman of New Zealand Post. He was replaced by the next person on the Labour Party's list, Damien O'Connor.
  • Richard Worth resigned in June 2009. He was replaced by the next person on the National Party's list, Cam Calder.
  • Sue Bradford resigned in October 2009. She was replaced by the next person on the Green Party's list, David Clendon.
  • Jeanette Fitzsimons resigned in February 2010. She was replaced by the next person on the Green Party's list, Gareth Hughes.
  • Chris Carter expelled from Labour Party caucus amidst expenses scandal in 2010 and, as of October 2010, was expelled from the Labour Party meaning his seat is one as solely an Independent MP.
  • David Garrett resigned from the ACT caucus in September 2010 and resigned from Parliament shortly after being replaced by Hilary Calvert.
  • Luamanuvao Winnie Laban resigned in October 2010 to become Assistant Vice-Chancellor (Pasifika) at Victoria University of Wellington. The resulting Mana by-election was won by Kris Faafoi.
  • Pansy Wong resigned in January 2011 following questions and a Speaker's investigation into her use of Ministerial travel privileges. Her portfolios were transferred to Hekia Parata who was raised to Cabinet to replace her. The resulting Botany by-election was won by Jami-Lee Ross.
  • Hone Harawira resigned from the Māori Party in February 2011 following a recommendation by the party's Disciplinary and Disputes Committee that the party's National Council expel him. He resigned from Parliament as an Independent MP effective 21 May causing a by-election in Te Tai Tokerau. Harawira announced his intention to run as a candidate for the Mana Party. On 6 July 2011 the results of the official count of votes found Harawira won by a majority of 1117.
  • Darren Hughes announced his intention to resign in March 2011 following an alleged incident involving him. Louisa Wall became the replacement for Hughes from the List for the remainder of the 49th Parliament.
  • John Carter announced his resignation from politics in June 2011 in favour of a High Commissioner's post in the Cook Islands; he was replaced as a Minister by Craig Foss. As he resigned within six months of a general election, a by-election does not need to be held in his Northland seat.

Seating plan

As on 5 May 2009

The chamber is in a horseshoe-shape.[4]

End of term

The chamber is in a horseshoe-shape.[5]

References

  1. 1 2 The New Zealand Herald (3 May 2007). "Auckland to get an extra seat in Parliament". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 3 December 2011.
  2. 2008 GENERAL ELECTION – OFFICIAL RESULT
  3. "2008 GENERAL ELECTION – OFFICIAL RESULTS AND STATISTICS". ElectionResults.govt.nz. Electoral Commission. 21 October 2020. Archived from the original on 17 January 2020. Retrieved 15 September 2021.
  4. "Debating Chamber – New Zealand Parliament". www.parliament.nz. Retrieved 7 May 2009.
  5. "Debating Chamber – New Zealand Parliament". www.parliament.nz. Retrieved 22 April 2011.
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