Drawings, by Thomas Bock, of the face of Alexander Pearce after his execution.

Alexander Pearce (1790 – 19 July 1824) was an Irish convict who was transported to the penal colony in Van Diemen's Land (now Tasmania), Australia for seven years for theft. He escaped from prison several times, allegedly becoming a cannibal during one of the escapes. In another escape, with one companion, he allegedly killed him and ate him in pieces. He was eventually captured and was hanged in Hobart for murder, before being dissected.[1]

Early life

Pearce was born in County Monaghan, Ireland.[2] A Roman Catholic farm labourer, he was sentenced at Armagh in 1819 to penal transportation to Van Diemen's Land for "the theft of six pairs of shoes".[3] He continued to commit various petty offences whilst in the penal colony in Van Diemen's Land, from which he soon escaped. The 18 May 1822 edition of the Hobart Town Gazette reported this escape and advertised a £10 reward for his recapture. When caught, he was charged with absconding and forging an order, a serious crime. For this he received a second sentence of transportation, this time to the new secondary penal establishment at Sarah Island in Macquarie Harbour.

Escape and cannibalism

Copy of the death sentence pronounced on Alexander Pearce

On 20 September 1822, Pearce along with seven other convicts of Macquarie Harbour Penal Station: Alexander Dalton, Thomas Bodenham, William Kennerly, Matthew Travers, Edward Brown, Robert Greenhill and John Mather escaped while working on the eastern side of the harbour. Greenhill, who had an axe, appointed himself leader, supported by his friend Travers, with whom he had been sent to Macquarie Harbour for stealing businessman Anthony Fenn Kemp's schooner in an attempt to escape. About 15 days into the journey, the men were starving and drew lots to see who would be killed for food.[1] Thomas Bodenham (or perhaps Alexander Dalton: see below) drew the short straw and Greenhill dispatched him with an axe. At this point three of the company – Dalton, Kennerly, and Brown – took fright and decamped. Kennerly and Brown reached Macquarie Harbour, but Dalton seemed to have died of exhaustion. That left Greenhill, Travers, John Mather, and Alexander Pearce. With Greenhill and Travers acting as a team, it would be Mather's or Pearce's turn next. Pearce seems to have sided with Greenhill and Travers at this point, and Mather was the next victim. It was then that Pearce had some luck: Travers was bitten on the foot by a snake. Greenhill insisted they carry him for five days, but when it became clear he would not recover, killed him.[4]

After that, it was a cat-and-mouse game. Greenhill had the axe, but they were both starving, and they had to sleep. In the end it was Pearce who prevailed. He grabbed the axe, killed Greenhill and dined on his body. He later raided an Aboriginal campsite and stole more food. When he saw sheep, he knew he had reached the settled districts. He was lucky again, as the shepherd who came upon him eating a lamb was an old friend. Pearce was inducted into a sheep-stealing ring, and was eventually picked up with William Davis and Ralph Churton, who were both hanged for bushranging and escaping from a military escort.

In total, Pearce had been on the run for 113 days, a little less than half of which was spent in the wilderness. Locked up in Hobart, Pearce made a confession to the Rev. Robert Knopwood, the magistrate and chaplain. However, Knopwood did not believe the cannibalism story and was convinced the others were still living as bushrangers. He sent Pearce back to Macquarie Harbour.[1]

There are inconsistencies in Pearce's story. He made three confessions – the Knopwood confession; a confession to Lt. Cuthbertson, Commandant of Macquarie Harbour when he was in hospital after the second escape (in this version, Dalton is the first victim); and a confession to Father Phillip Connolly, the colony's Catholic priest, the night before his execution – and some of the details differed. What is incontrovertible is that eight men went into the bush at Macquarie Harbour, and only three came out; and of the four men alive when Dalton, Kennerly and Brown decamped, only one survived.

In November of the subsequent year, Pearce managed to escape once again, this time accompanied by a fellow convict named Thomas Cox. However, Pearce's freedom was short-lived as he was recaptured within a mere ten days. He was subsequently brought to trial at the Supreme Court of Van Diemen's Land in Hobart. The trial centred around his alleged murder and cannibalization of Thomas Cox.

Observers noted that Pearce did not fit the stereotypical image of a cannibal. Despite his relatively small stature of 1.6 metres (5 feet 3 inches), which was below average for that era, he possessed a strong and wiry build. Such physical attributes did not seem to align with the description of someone who had supposedly engaged in cannibalistic acts. A report published in the Hobart Town Gazette on June 25, 1824, even mentioned that he did not appear burdened by the "weight of human blood" and allegations of consuming human flesh.

During his apprehension, portions of Cox's remains were found in Pearce's pockets. This evidence, combined with Pearce's confession, left little room for doubt about his culpability. In his confession, Pearce revealed that he had killed Cox upon realizing that Cox was unable to swim when they reached King's River.

Notably, Pearce's case marked several firsts within the Tasmanian judicial system. He was the inaugural felon to face execution under the new Supreme Court framework. Additionally, his confession made him the first known individual within the Tasmanian courts to admit to acts of cannibalism.[4]

Alexander Pearce was hanged at the Hobart Town Gaol at 9am on 19 July 1824, after receiving the last rites from Father Connolly.[5]

The skull of Alexander Pearce

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 "A journey through hell's gate". The Age. 29 October 2002. Retrieved 23 March 2011.
  2. ↑ Convict Indent, CON13/1/2 p19, Tasmanian Archives
  3. ↑ The Last Confession of Alexander Pearce Archived 27 October 2008 at the Wayback Machine Anne-Marie Marquess, culturenorthernireland.org. Retrieved 2008-11-02.
  4. 1 2 Sprod, Dan, Alexander Pearce of Macquarie Harbour, Cat & Fiddle Press, Hobart 1977
  5. ↑ The Hobart Town Gazette, Friday 23 July 1824.
  6. 1 2 Dying Breed IMDb. Retrieved 2008-11-02.
  7. ↑ "VAN DIEMEN'S LAND – In Cinemas Now". Vandiemensland-themovie.com. Archived from the original on 10 October 2010. Retrieved 31 August 2010.

Further reading

  • Collins, Paul. Hell's Gates: the terrible journey of Alexander Pearce, Van Dieman's Land Cannibal. South Yarra, 2002. ISBN 1-74064-083-7
  • Sprod, Dan. Alexander Pearce of Macquarie Harbour. Hobart: Cat & Fiddle Press, 1977. ISBN 0-85853-031-7
  • Kidd, Paul B. Australia's Serial Killers ISBN 0-7329-1036-6
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