Ayman Nour
أيمن نور
Member of the Magles El-Sha’ab
In office
December 1995 – 12 December 2005
Personal details
Born (1964-12-05) 5 December 1964
Alexandria, Egypt
Political partyGhad El-Thawra Party (2011–present)
Other political
affiliations		New Wafd Party (until 2001)
El-Ghad Party (2001–2011)
ResidenceIstanbul, Turkey
Alma materMansoura University

Ayman Abd El Aziz Nour (Egyptian Arabic: أيمن عبد العزيز نور, IPA: [ˈʔæjmæn ʕæbdelʕæˈziːz ˈnuːɾ]; born 5 December 1964) is an Egyptian politician, a former member of the Egyptian Parliament, founder and chairman of the El Ghad party.[1] Nour was the first man to ever compete against President Hosni Mubarak in the 2005 presidential election. However shortly after announcing his candidacy, Nour was stripped of his parliamentary immunity and arrested on 29 January 2005, a move that was widely criticized by governments around the world as a step backwards for Egyptian democracy. Due to international pressure, Nour was released to participate in the election and was unsuccessful. The election was widely considered to be a corrupt and rigged election. He was arrested again shortly after and released nearly five years later. Nour left Egypt following the 2013 Egyptian coup d'état and spent time in Lebanon for treatment of a wound he sustained while in prison. Nour now resides in Istanbul, Turkey and expresses his hope for returning to Egypt.[2]

Career and arrest

Nour was named the first secretary of Misr Party and the editor-in-chief of the party's newspaper with the same name in October 2001.[3]

Nour was the first person to ever compete against President Hosni Mubarak in the 2005 presidential election. Shortly after announcing his candidacy for president, Nour was stripped of his parliamentary immunity and arrested on 29 January 2005. He was charged with forging PAs (Powers of Attorney) to secure the formation of the el-Ghad party. The arrest, occurring in an election year, was widely criticized by governments around the world as a step backwards for Egyptian democracy. Few seem to regard the charges as legitimate. Nour remained active despite his imprisonment, using the opportunity to write critical articles and make his case and cause better known.

In February 2005, Condoleezza Rice abruptly postponed a visit to Egypt, reflecting U.S. displeasure at the jailing of Nour, who was reported to have been brutally interrogated.[4] That same month, the government announced that it would open elections to multiple candidates in the following month.

In March 2005, following a strong intervention in Cairo by a group of members of the European Parliament led by Vice-President Edward McMillan-Scott (UK, Conservative), Nour was freed and began a campaign for the Egyptian presidency.[5]

In the election in September 2005, Nour was the first runner-up, with 7% of the vote according to government figures and estimated at 13% by independent observers, although no independent observers were allowed to monitor the elections. Shortly after placing a distant second, in what are widely believed to have been corrupt elections, he was again imprisoned by Mubarak under allegations of "forgery" which were widely criticized to have been politically motivated and corrupt charges.[6]

On 24 December 2005, he was sentenced to five years in jail. Though diabetic, Nour engaged in a two-week-long hunger strike to protest against his trial.[7] Nour's verdict and sentencing made global headlines and were the first item of news on many international news broadcasts, including the BBC.

On the day of Nour's guilty verdict and sentencing, the White House Press Secretary released the following statement denouncing the government's action:[8]

The United States is deeply troubled by the conviction today of Egyptian politician Ayman Nour by an Egyptian court. The conviction of Mr. Nour, the runner-up in Egypt's 2005 presidential elections, calls into question Egypt's commitment to democracy, freedom, and the rule of law. We are also disturbed by reports that Mr Nour's health has seriously declined due to the hunger strike on which he has embarked in protest of the conditions of his trial and detention. The United States calls upon the Egyptian government to act under the laws of Egypt in the spirit of its professed desire for increased political openness and dialogue within Egyptian society, and out of humanitarian concern, to release Mr Nour from detention.

In February 2006, Rice visited Mubarak yet never spoke Nour's name publicly. When asked about him at a news conference, she referred to his situation as one of Egypt's setbacks. Days later, Mubarak told a government newspaper that Rice "didn't bring up difficult issues or ask to change anything". From prison, Nour stated "I pay the price when [Rice] speaks [of me], and I pay the price when she doesn't", Nour said. "But what's happening to me now is a message to everybody."[9]

In June 2007, President Bush, speaking at a conference of dissidents in the Czech Republic, revisited the issue of Ayman Nour, saying:[10]

There are many dissidents who couldn't join us because they are being unjustly imprisoned or held under house arrest. I look forward to the day when a conference like this one [can] include Alexander Kozulin of Belarus, Aung San Suu Kyi of Burma, Oscar Elias Biscet of Cuba, Father Nguyen Van Ly of Vietnam, Ayman Nour of Egypt (applause). The daughter of one of these political prisoners is in this room. I would like to say to her, and all the families: I thank you for your courage. I pray for your comfort and strength. And I call for the immediate and unconditional release of your loved ones.

...

I have asked Secretary Rice to send a directive to every U.S. ambassador in an un-free nation: Seek out and meet with activists for democracy. Seek out those who demand human rights.

Nour was released, officially on health grounds, on 18 February 2009, just a few months before he would have completed his prison sentence.[11] It has been alleged that his release from prison was due to U.S. President Obama demanding his release as a condition to meet with Mubarak.[12]

In December 2021, the University of Toronto's Citizen Lab reported that Nour's phone had been infected with the Predator and Pegasus spywares.[13][14]

2011 Egyptian revolution–present

Following the fall of Mubarak in the 2011 Revolution, Nour intended to run for the 2012 Egyptian presidential election, but was disqualified by the Presidential Election Commission due to his imprisonment after the 2005 election.[15]

Nour left Egypt following the 2013 Egyptian coup d'état.[16] In 2014, he spent time in Lebanon for treatment of a wound he sustained while in prison. Nour now resides in Istanbul, Turkey and expresses his hope for returning to Egypt.[2]

In December 2019, Nour launched the Egyptian National Action Group (ENAG), a group of Egyptian expatriates calling to overthrow military rule in Egypt.[17]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Nour supports Brotherhood Morsy Egypt Independent, 27 March 2013
  2. 1 2 "Egyptian vote more one-sided than Mubarak's days - Ayman Nour". Aswat Masriya. 27 May 2014. Archived from the original on 7 February 2019. Retrieved 27 May 2014.
  3. ↑ Joshua Stacher (2004). "Parties over: The demise of Egypt's opposition parties". British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies. 31 (2): 231. doi:10.1080/135301904042000268222. S2CID 145021477.
  4. ↑ Kessler, Glen, Rice Drops Plans for Visit to EgyptThe Washington Post 26 February 2005; Retrieved 15 March 2007 Archived 17 September 2012 at archive.today
  5. ↑ Williams, Daniel, Egypt Frees An Aspiring Candidate Presidential Hopeful Is Released on BailThe Washington Post 13 March 2005; Retrieved 20 March 2007 Archived 9 February 2013 at archive.today
  6. ↑ "Egypt's Nour released from jail". BBC News. 18 February 2009. Archived from the original on 19 February 2009. Retrieved 18 February 2009.
  7. ↑ Former Egyptian Presidential Candidate Sentenced to 5 Years Hard Labor Voice of America, 24 December 2005
  8. ↑ "Statement on Conviction of Egyptian Politician Ayman Nour". U.S. National Archives. 24 December 2005. Retrieved 6 June 2009.
  9. ↑ Spolar, Christine: Egypt reformer feels the iron hand of the law] Chicago Tribune (IL); 3 June 2006, Retrieved 20 March 2007
  10. ↑ "President Bush Visits Prague, Czech Republic, Discusses Freedom". U.S. National Archives. 5 June 2007. Retrieved 6 June 2009.
  11. ↑ "Egypt's Nour released from jail". BBC News. 18 February 2009. Archived from the original on 19 February 2009. Retrieved 18 February 2009.
  12. ↑ Scott MacLeod (19 February 2009). "Egypt Frees a Dissident: A Gesture for Obama?". Time. Archived from the original on 23 February 2009.
  13. ↑ Marczak, Bill; Scott-Railton, John; Razzak, Bahr Abdul; Al-Jizawi, Noura; Anstis, Siena; Berdan, Kristin; Deibert, Ron (16 December 2021). Pegasus vs. Predator: Dissident's Doubly-Infected iPhone Reveals Cytrox Mercenary Spyware (Report). University of Toronto.
  14. ↑ Goodin, Dan (26 May 2023). "Inner workings revealed for "Predator," the Android malware that exploited 5 0-days". Ars Technica. Retrieved 25 September 2023.
  15. ↑ "Ten Egyptian candidates barred from elections". BBC News. British Broadcasting Corporation. 14 April 2012. Archived from the original on 2 June 2014. Retrieved 1 June 2014.
  16. ↑ "Court to consider withdrawing Ayman Nour's citizenship". Cairo Post. 23 January 2014. Archived from the original on 31 January 2014. Retrieved 30 January 2014.
  17. ↑ "Egypt: Opponents of Sisi launch anti-regime group". Middle East Monitor. 31 December 2019. Archived from the original on 31 December 2019. Retrieved 24 January 2020.
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