This page contains tables of azeotrope data for various binary and ternary mixtures of solvents. The data include the composition of a mixture by weight (in binary azeotropes, when only one fraction is given, it is the fraction of the second component), the boiling point (b.p.) of a component, the boiling point of a mixture, and the specific gravity of the mixture. Boiling points are reported at a pressure of 760 mm Hg unless otherwise stated. Where the mixture separates into layers, values are shown for upper (U) and lower (L) layers.

The data were obtained from Lange's 10th edition[1] and CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 44th edition[2] unless otherwise noted (see color code table).

A list of 15825 binary and ternary mixtures was collated and published by the American Chemical Society.[3] An azeotrope databank is also available online through the University of Edinburgh.[4]

Binary azeotropes

Data source color code
CRC & Lange's CRC only Lange's only other (see references)

Binary azeotropes of water, b.p.=100 °C

2nd Componentb.p. of
comp. (˚C)
b.p. of
mixture (˚C)
 % by
weight
spef.
grav
with various alcohols
ethanol78.478.195.5 0.804
methanol[5]64.7 No azeotrope
1-propanol97.387.771.7 0.866
2-propanol82.580.487.7 0.818
n-butanol117.892.455.5
U 79.9
L 7.7

U 0.849
L 0.990
sec-butanol99.588.567.9 0.863
iso-butanol108.090.070.0
U 85.0
L 8.7

U 0.839
L 0.988
tert-butanol82.879.988.3
allyl alcohol97.088.272.9 0.905
furfuryl alcohol169.498.520
cyclohexanol[6]161.197.820
benzyl alcohol[6]205.499.99
with various organic acids
formic acid100.8107.377.5
acetic acid [5][7]118.1 No azeotrope
propionic acid141.199.9817.7 1.016
butyric acid163.599.9418.4 1.007
iso-butyric acid154.599.321
with mineral acids
nitric acid83.0120.568 1.405
perchloric acid110.020371.6
hydrofluoric acid19.912037
hydrochloric acid–8411020.24 1.102
hydrobromic acid–7312647.5 1.481
hydroiodic acid–3412757
sulfuric acid29033898
with various alkyl halides
ethylene chloride83.77291.8
propylene chloride96.87889.4
chloroform[8]61.256.197.2
U 0.8
L 99.8

U 1.004
L 1.491
carbon tetrachloride76.866.895.9
U 0.03
L 99.97

U 1.000
L 1.597
methylene chloride40.038.899.6
U 2.0
99.9

U 1.009
L 1.328
with various esters
ethyl acetate77.170.491.9
U 96.7
L 8.7

U 0.907
L 0.999
methyl acetate57.056.195.00.940
n-propyl acetate[6]101.682.486
isopropyl acetate[9] 88.7 75.9 88.9
ethyl nitrate87.774.478
with various other solvents
acetone [5][7]56.5 °C No azeotrope
methyl ethyl ketone79.673.589 0.834
pyridine115.592.657 1.010
benzene80.269.391.1
U 99.94
L 0.07

U 0.880
L 0.999
toluene110.884.179.8
U 99.95
L 0.06

U 0.868
L 1.000
cyclohexane80.769.891.5
U 99.99
L 0.01

U 0.780
L 1.00
diethyl ether34.534.298.7 0.720
tetrahydrofuran[5]6664.2[10]95
anisole153.995.559.5
acetonitrile82.076.583.7 0.818
chloral97.7595.093.0
hydrazine[11]113.5 °C120.3 °C68.5
m-xylene[3][12]139.092.064.2

CRC 44th ed. lists azeotropes for acetic acid/water and acetone/water, Lange's 10th ed. as well as numerous web sources indicate no azeotrope for these pairs.

Binary azeotropes of allyl alcohol, b.p.=97.0 °C

2nd Componentb.p. of
comp. (˚C)
b.p. of
mixture (˚C)
 % by
weight
spef.
grav
with various solvents
methyl butyrate102.793.845
n-propyl acetate101.694.247
benzene80.276.882.6 0.874
toluene110.892.450
cyclohexane80.87480
carbon tetrachloride76.872.388.5 1.450
ethylene chloride83.779.982

Binary azeotropes of ethanol, b.p.=78.4 °C

2nd Componentb.p. of
comp. (˚C)
b.p. of
mixture (˚C)
 % by
weight
spef.
grav
with various esters
ethyl acetate77.171.869.2 0.863
methyl acetate57.056.997
ethyl nitrate87.771.956
isopropyl acetate[6]88.476.847
with various hydrocarbons
benzene80.268.267.6 0.848
cyclohexane[13]80.764.969.5
toluene110.876.732 0.815
n-pentane36.234.395
n-hexane68.958.779 0.687
n-heptane98.570.951 0.729
n-octane125.677.022
with various alkyl halides
ethylene chloride83.770.563
chloroform61.159.493 1.403
carbon tetrachloride76.865.184.2 1.377
allyl chloride45.74495
n-propyl chloride46.745.093
isopropyl chloride36.335.697.2
n-propyl bromide71.062.879.5
isopropyl bromide59.855.689.5
n-propyl iodide102.475.456
isopropyl iodide89.471.573
methyl iodide42.641.296.8
methylene chloride40.139.8595.0
ethyl bromide38.037.097.0
trichloroethylene8770.973.0 1.197
trichlorotrifluoroethane (CFC 113)47.743.896.2 1.517
tetrachloroethylene121.076.7537.0
with various other solvents
methyl ethyl ketone79.674.860 0.802
acetonitrile82.072.943.0 0.788
nitromethane101.375.9526.8
tetrahydrofuran[14]
P = 100 kPa
65.6653.3
thiophene[13]84.170.055.0
carbon disulfide[6]46.242.492

Binary azeotropes of methanol, b.p.=64.7 °C

2nd Componentb.p. of
comp. (˚C)
b.p. of
mixture (˚C)
 % by
weight
spef.
grav
with various esters
methyl acetate57.053.881.3 0.908
ethyl acetate77.162.356 0.846
ethyl formate54.151.084
with various hydrocarbons
benzene80.258.360.5 0.844
toluene110.863.831 0.813
cyclohexane80.845.262.8
U 97.0
L 39.0
n-pentane36.230.891
n-hexane[15]68.96071.6
n-heptane98.559.148.5
n-octane125.863.072.0
with various alkyl halides
methylene chloride40.037.892.7
ethylene chloride83.761.068
chloroform61.153.587.4 1.342
carbon tetrachloride76.855.779.4 1.322
ethyl bromide38.435.095.5
n-propyl chloride46.640.590.5
isopropyl chloride36.433.494
n-propyl bromide71.054.579
isopropyl bromide59.848.685.0
isopropyl iodide89.461.062
trichloroethylene[6]87.260.264
tetrachloroethylene[14]121.163.540.6
trichlorotrifluoroethane (CFC 113)[6]47.739.994
with various other solvents
nitromethane101.264.69
acetone56.555.787.9 0.796
acetonitrile82.063.4519.0
carbon disulfide46.237.786.0
U 50.8
L 97.2

U 0.979
L 1.261
Isopropyl alcohol[6]82.564.020
tetrahydrofuran[16]
P = 984 mBar
65.660.769.0

Binary azeotropes of n-propanol, b.p.=97.2 °C

2nd Componentb.p. of
comp. (˚C)
b.p. of
mixture (˚C)
 % by
weight
spef.
grav
with various solvents
methyl butyrate102.794.451
n-propyl formate80.880.6597
n-propyl acetate101.694.749 0.833
benzene80.277.183.1
toluene110.892.447.5 0.836
n-hexane68.965.796
carbon tetrachloride76.873.188.5 1.437
ethylene chloride83.780.781
n-propyl bromide71.069.791

Binary azeotropes of acetic acid, b.p.=118.5 °C

2nd Componentb.p. of
comp. (˚C)
b.p. of
mixture (˚C)
 % by
weight
spef.
grav
with various solvents
benzene80.280.0598 0.882
cyclohexane[6]80.879.798
toluene110.8105.072 0.905
m-xylene139.0115.427.5 0.908
mesitylene[17]164.61183.6
n-heptane98.592.370
n-octane125.8109.050
isopropyl iodide89.288.391
carbon tetrachloride76.876.697
tetrachloroethylene121.0107.461.5
ethylene bromide131.7114.445
1,1-dibromoethane109.5103.775.0
methylene bromide98.294.884.0
pyridine115.3139.765.0 1.024

Binary azeotropes of Isopropyl alcohol, b.p.=82.5 °C

2nd Componentb.p. of
comp. (˚C)
b.p. of
mixture (˚C)
 % by
weight
spef.
grav
with various esters
ethyl acetate77.175.375 0.869
isopropyl acetate91.081.340 0.822
with various hydrocarbons
benzene80.271.966.7 0.838
toluene [13]110.880.642
cyclohexane80.768.667.00.777
n-pentane36.235.594
n-hexane68.962.777
n-heptane98.576.346
with various alkyl halides
carbon tetrachloride76.869.082 1.344
chloroform61.160.895.8
ethylene chloride83.774.756.5
ethyl iodide83.767.185
n-propyl chloride46.746.497.2
n-propyl bromide71.066.879.5
isopropyl bromide59.857.888
n-propyl iodide102.479.858
isopropyl iodide89.476.068
tetrachloroethylene[13]121.181.719.0
with various other solvents
methyl ethyl ketone79.077.568 0.800
diisopropyl ether6966.285.9
nitromethane101.079.370

CRC and Lange's disagree on this azeotrope, but web source corroborates CRC

Binary azeotropes of formic acid, b.p.=100.8 °C

2nd Componentb.p. of
comp. (˚C)
b.p. of
mixture (˚C)
 % by
weight
spef.
grav
with various hydrocarbons
benzene80.271.769
toluene110.885.850
m-xylene139.094.229.8
m-xylene[3][12]139.092.828.2
o-xylene[3]143.695.526
p-xylene[3]138.4~9530.0
n-pentane36.234.290
n-hexane68.960.672
n-heptane98.578.256.5
n-octane125.890.537
with various alkyl halides
chloroform61.259.285
carbon tetrachloride76.866.781.5
methyl iodide42.642.194
ethyl bromide38.438.297
ethylene chloride83.677.486
ethylene bromide131.794.748.5
n-propyl chloride46.745.692
isopropyl chloride34.834.798.5
n-propyl bromide71.064.773
isopropyl bromide59.456.086
with various other solvents
carbon disulfide46.342.683

Binary azeotropes of benzene, b.p.=80.1 °C

2nd Componentb.p. of
comp. (˚C)
b.p. of
mixture (˚C)
 % by
weight
spef.
grav
cyclohexane80.7477.845.0 0.834
ethyl nitrate88.780.0312.0
methyl ethyl ketone79.678.437.5 0.853
nitromethane101.079.1514.0
acetonitrile82.073.034.0
n-heptane[6]98.580.01

Binary azeotropes of ethylene glycol, b.p.=197.4 °C

2nd Componentb.p. of
comp. (˚C)
b.p. of
mixture (˚C)
 % by
weight
spef.
grav
with various solvents
ethyl benzoate212.6186.153.5
diphenyl254.9192.036
mesitylene164.6156.087
naphthalene218.1183.949
toluene110.8110.293.5
m-xylene139.0135.685
o-xylene144.4139.684.0
ethylene bromide131.7129.896
nitrobenzene210.9185.941
chlorobenzene132.0130.15.6
benzyl chloride179.3167.070
benzyl alcohol205.1193.144
anisole153.9150.589.5
acetophenone202.1185.748
aniline184.4180.676
o-cresol191.1189.673

Binary azeotropes of glycerol, b.p.=291.0 °C

2nd Componentb.p. of
comp. (˚C)
b.p. of
mixture (˚C)
 % by
weight
spef.
grav
diphenyl254.9243.845
naphthalene218.1215.290

Binary azeotropes of acetone, b.p.=56.5 °C

2nd Componentb.p. of
comp. (˚C)
b.p. of
mixture (˚C)
 % by
weight
spef.
grav
carbon disulfide46.339.367.0 1.04
chloroform61.264.780.0 1.268
cyclohexane80.7453.033.0
n-hexane68.849.841
ethyl iodide56.555.040.0
carbon tetrachloride[13]76.856.211.9

Miscellaneous azeotrope pairs

component 1b.p.
comp. 1 (˚C)
component 2b.p.
comp. 2 (˚C)
 b.p.
azeo. (˚C)
 % wt
comp. 1
 % wt
comp. 2
spec.
grav.
acetaldehyde 21.0 diethyl ether 34.6 20.5 76.0 24.0 0.762
n-butane[13]–0.5–7.016.084.0
acetamide 222.0 benzaldehyde179.5178.66.593.5
nitrobenzene210.9202.024.076.0
o-xylene144.1142.611.089.0
acetonitrile 82.0 ethyl acetate77.1574.823.077.0
toluene[14]110.681.176.024.0
acetylene–86.6ethane–88.3–94.540.759.3
aniline184.4o-cresol191.5191.38.092.0
carbon disulfide 46.2 diethyl ether34.634.41.099.0 0.719
1,1-dichloroethane57.246.094.06.0
methyl ethyl ketone79.645.984.715.31.157
ethyl acetate[6]77.146.1973
methyl acetate[6]57.040.27327
chloroform61.2methyl ethyl ketone79.679.917.083.0 0.877
n-hexane68.760.072.028.01.101
carbon tetrachloride 76.8 methyl ethyl ketone79.973.871.029.01.247
ethylene dichloride84.075.378.022.01.500
ethyl acetate77.174.857.043.01.202
cyclohexane 80.74 ethyl acetate77.1572.846.054.0
ethyl nitrate88.774.564.036.0
diethyl ether34.6methyl formate31.5028.244.056.0
methylene chloride[5]4040.83070
nitromethane101.0toluene110.896.555.045.0
tetrahydrofuran[16] 65.6 chloroform61.272.534.565.5
n-hexane6963.046.553.5
toluene110.63pyridine115.3110.278.022.0
propylene glycol[18] 188.2 aniline184.4179.54357
o-xylene144.4135.81090
toluene110.6110.51.598.5

Ternary azeotropes

Tables of various ternary azeotropes (that is azeotropes consisting of three components). Fraction percentages are given by weight.

Data source color code
CRC & Lange's CRC only Lange's only other (see references)

Ternary azeotropes of water, b.p.=100 °C

2nd componentb.p.
2nd comp. (˚C)
3rd componentb.p.
3rd comp. (˚C)
 b.p.
azeo. (˚C)
 % wt
1st
 % wt
2nd
 % wt
3rd
spec.
grav
ethanol 78.4ethyl acetate77.1   70.3 °C7.89.083.2 0.901
cyclohexane80.862.171776
benzene80.264.97.4
U 1.3
L 43.1
18.5
U 12.7
L 52.1
74.1
U 86.0
L 4.8

U 0.866
L 0.892
chloroform61.255.53.5
U 80.8
L 0.5
4.0
U 18.2
L 3.7
92.5
U 1.0
L 95.8

U 0.976
L 1.441
carbon tetrachloride 86.8 61.8 4.3 9.7 86.0
3.4
U 44.5
L <0.1
10.3
U 48.5
L 5.2
86.3
U 7.0
L 94.8

U 0.935
L 1.519
ethylene chloride83.766.751778
acetonitrile82.072.91.055.044.0
toluene110.674.412.0
U 3.1
L 20.7
37.0
U 15.6
L 54.8
51.0
U 81.3
L 24.5

U 0.849
L 0.855
methyl ethyl ketone79.673.211.014.075.00.832
n-hexane69.056.03.0
U 0.5
L 19.0
12.0
U 3.0
L 75.0
85.0
U 96.5
L 6.0

U 0.672
L 0.833
n-heptane98.468.86.1
U 0.2
L 15.0
33.0
U 5.0
L 75.9
60.9
U 94.8
L 9.1

U 0.686
L 0.801
carbon disulfide46.241.31.65.093.4
n-propanol 97.2 cyclohexane80.866.68.510.081.5
benzene80.268.58.69.082.4
carbon tetrachloride76.865.45
U 84.9
L 1.0
11
U 15.0
L 11.0
84
U 0.1
L 88.0

U 0.979
L 1.436
diethyl ketone102.281.2202060
n-propyl acetate101.682.221.019.559.5
Isopropyl alcohol 82.5 cyclohexane 80.8 64.3 7.5 18.5 74.0
66.1 7.5 21.5 71.0
benzene 80.2 °C 66.5 7.5 18.7 73.8
65.7 °C8.2
U 2.3
L 85.1
19.8
U 20.2
L 14.4
72.0
U 77.5
L 0.5

U 0.855
L 0.966
methyl ethyl ketone79.673.411.01.088.00.834
toluene110.676.313.1
U 8.5
L 61.0
38.2
U 38.2
L 38.0
48.7
U 53.3
L 1.0

U 0.845
L 0.930
allyl alcohol 97.0 n-hexane69.059.75
U 0.5
L 64.4
5
U 3.6
L 34.8
90
U 95.9
L 0.8

U 0.668
L 0.964
benzene80.268.28.6
U 0.6
L 80.9
9.2
U 8.7
L 17.7
82.2
U 90.7
L 0.4

U 0.877
L 0.985
cyclohexane80.866.281181
carbon tetrachloride76.865.25
U 71.7
L 0.8
11
U 25.6
L 10.1
84
U 2.7
L 89.1

U 0.777
L 1.464
benzene 80.1 acetonitrile 82.0 66.0 8.2 68.5 23.3
methyl ethyl ketone79.668.28.8
U 0.6
L 94.7
65.1
U 71.3
L 0.1
26.1
U 28.1
L 5.2

U 0.858
L 0.992
methyl ethyl ketone 79.6 carbon tetrachloride 76.8 65.7 3.0
U 94.4
L 0.1
22.2
U 5.5
L 22.6
74.8
U 0.1
L 77.3

U 0.993
L 1.313
cyclohexane81.063.65.0
U 0.6
L 89.9
60.0
U 37.0
L 10.0
35.0
U 62.4
L 0.1

U 0.769
L 0.98
chloroform 61.2 methanol 64.65 52.6 4.0
U 27.0
L 3.0
81.0
U 32.0
L 83.0
15.0
U 41.0
L 14.0

U 1.022
L 1.399
acetone 56.5 60.4 4.0 57.6 38.4

Saddle azeotrope

Ternary azeotropes of methanol, b.p.=64.65 °C

2nd componentb.p.
2nd comp. (˚C)
3rd componentb.p.
3rd comp. (˚C)
 b.p.
azeo. (˚C)
 % wt
1st
 % wt
2nd
 % wt
3rd
spec.
grav
acetone 56.5 chloroform 61.2   57.5 23.0 30.0 47.0
methyl acetate57.053.717.45.876.80.898
cyclohexane81.451.516.043.540.5
methyl acetate 57.1 carbon disulfide 46.2 37.0
cyclohexane81.450.817.848.633.6
n-hexane69.045.014.027.059.00.73

Saddle azeotrope

References

  1. Lange's Handbook of Chemistry, 10th ed. pp. 1496–1505
  2. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 44th ed. pp. 2143–2184
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 Lee H. Horsley, ed. (1 June 1973). Azeotropic Data—III. Advances in Chemistry Series No. 166. Vol. 116. American Chemical Society. doi:10.1021/ba-1973-0116. ISBN 9780841201668.
  4. "Azeotrope Databank".
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 "What is an Azeotrope?". B/R Corporation. Archived from the original on 24 April 2007. Retrieved 24 March 2007.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 John Durkee (November 2000). "Binary Organic Azeotropes Useful for Solvent Cleaning" (PDF). metalfinishing.com. Retrieved 13 February 2011.
  7. 1 2 Hilmen, Eva-Katrine (November 2000). "Separation of Azeotropic Mixtures: Tools for Analysis and Studies on Batch Distillation Operation" (PDF). Norwegian University of Science and Technology, dept. of Chemical Engineering. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 September 2004. Retrieved 24 March 2007.
  8. Composition of Vapors from Boiling Binary Solutions J. J. Conti, D. F. Othmer, Roger Gilmont. J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1960, 5 (3), pp. 301–307 doi:10.1021/je60007a019
  9. US4826576A, Berg, Lloyd & Yeh, An-I., "Separation of isopropyl acetate from isopropanol by extractive distillation", issued 1989-05-02
  10. "Modeling and optimization of pressure distillation to achieve pharma-grade THF".
  11. Merck Index of Chemicals and Drugs, 9th ed. monograph 4653
  12. 1 2 Reinders, W.; de Minjer, C. H. (3 September 2010). "Vapour-liquid equilibria in ternary systems. V. The system water-formic acid-metaxylene". Recueil des Travaux Chimiques des Pays-Bas. 66 (9): 564–572. doi:10.1002/recl.19470660905.
  13. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Ponton, Jack (September 2001). "Azeotrope Databank". The Edinburgh Collection of Open Software for Simulation and Education, University of Edinburgh. Archived from the original (Queriable database) on 24 April 2007. Retrieved 24 March 2007.
  14. 1 2 3 "Binary Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium Data" (Queriable database). Chemical Engineering Research Information Center.
  15. Rumble, John (2020). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (101 ed.). Taylor & Francis Group.
  16. 1 2 "Tetrahydrofuran (THF) Storage and Handling" (PDF). BASF. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 May 2005. Retrieved 24 May 2007.
  17. US US2530325, Carl S Carlson, "Azeotropic distillation of mesitylene from isophorone", published 1950-11-14, issued 1950-11-14
  18. "1,2-Propanediol". ChemIndustry.ru. Archived from the original on 21 December 2007. Retrieved 28 December 2007.
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