Bagar, also Bagad (बागड़) a term meaning the "dry country",[1] is a region refers in north-western India and eastern parts of current Pakistan bordering north Rajasthan, India where the Bagri language is spoken and which is inhabited by Bagri people. The region is characterised by Sandy tracks and shifting sand dunes which are now irrigated by canals.[2]

Etymology

Bagar means the prairie (grazing shrubs and grassland) of northern Rajputana,[3] which likely comes from eponymous Arabic word "bagar" meaning "cow" (sacred to Hindus),[4] derived from the Arabic word "cattle".[5][6] Baggara in Arabic means "cattle herders".[5][7] Bagar tract refers to the semi-arid semi-fertile rain-fed sandy shrubby grassland tract at the confluence of arid Thar Desert and fertile bangar and khadir areas of Indo-Gangetic Plain, which as historically inhabited by the cattle herders who remained semi-nomadic until they began to adapt to settled life in the mid to late Medieval Period. Before the adoption of the Arabic name bagar, the area was earlier known as Jangladesh during the Vedic era of Mahabharata and even in early medieval times at least until the end of Hindu reign of Prithviraj Chauhan.

Bagar tracts

Bagar ( Hindi: बागङ) region is characterised by Bagar tracts which are long strips of shifting sand dunes called tibba (टिब्बा) and relatively semi-fertile lands and the area between them is called lal (लाळ) in northern districts of Rajasthan and along the northwestern districts of Haryana[8]

Geography

The Bagar region has potentially very fertile alluvial soil interspersed with highly permeable very sandy tracts in several places with water table more than 100 feet below ground containing brackish water usually unfit for human consumption, where dust storms frequent during the warm summer months from April till the end of July when monsoon arrives. Previously the tract was solely based on the rain and irrigation was possible only in the small area of Bagar region in districts of Fatehabad, Sirsa, Hanumangarh, Sriganganagar and Anupgarh where the seasonal Ghaggar river flows.

Earlier Western Yamuna Canal and after 1963,Bhakra Nangal Dam canal system provides the water for irrigation in most of Haryana including all of the Bagar region falling in Haryana on its western border.

The Ganga canal in 1927 and in 1984 Indira Gandhi Canal irrigation also known as Rajathan Canal brought the water of Sutlej and Beas rivers to the fields of Rajasthan including its Bagar tract, stabilizing the sand dunes and soil erosion by preventing the expansion of desert.[9][8]


Geographical extent of Bagar region.
StatesDistricts
𝐑𝐚𝐣𝐚𝐬𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐧
𝐏𝐮𝐧𝐣𝐚𝐛 (𝐈𝐧𝐝𝐢𝐚)
𝐇𝐚𝐫𝐲𝐚𝐧𝐚

Bagri language

Bagri (बागड़ी), a dialect of overlapping Rajasthani language, Haryanvi language and Punjabi language of the Indo-Aryan family, spoken by about five million speakers residing in Bagar region of Rajasthan,Haryana and Punjab states in India[10][11]

In Punjab, Pakistan, Bagri as minor language is spoken in Bahawalpur district and Bahawalnagar district, though these are not considered parts of Bagar region.[10][11][13]

Bagri people

Mani Ram Bagri with Rajiv Gandhi.

The term Bagri people was originally applied to Ethenic Jats,[14][15] Gurjars[16]Rajput and Bishnois living in Bagar Region and who speaks Bagri language[1][17][18][14][19][20][15]


There are also sections of Kumhar, Suthar, Nai, Agarwal Banias and Maheshwari banias as well as Badhik ("butcher"), Pardhi ("hunter"), Bawariya (semi-nomads) castes who are referred as Bagri living in the region.[18][20] Prominent bagri people are politician from Haryana Mani Ram Bagri (1 January 1920 – 31 March 2012, a politician from Haryana), Raj Bagri, Baron Bagri (24 August 1930 – 26 April 2017, India-born British businessman and a Conservative member of the House of Lords from 1997 to 2010, who was made a life peer in 1997).[21]

Politics of Bagar Region(Constituencies and MLA)

There are 29 Constituencies of Haryana, Punjab and Rajasthan legislative assemblies where Bagri language is spoken by majority of the population.

  • In Punjab, there 4 constituencies of Fazilka and Sri Muktsar Sahib in South Punjab where Bagri speakers decides the fate of elections. Out of 4 constituencies only 1 constituency is reserved for SC candidate.
  • In Haryana, there are 10 constituencies in north west haryana which comes under the Bagar region out of which 2 constituencies are reserved for SC candidates.
  • In Rajasthan, there are 15 constituencies of Rajasthan Legislative Assembly which comes under the Bagar region in North Rajasthan. Meanwhile, 4 constituencies out of 16 constituencies are reserved for SC candidates.

Rajasthan

Following is the list of the constituencies and the candidates from Bhartiya Janata Party,[22] Congress party [23] and the Independent candidates [24] appeared in 2023 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election[25] from the Bagri speaking region of Rajasthan.


District Constituency Winner Runner Up Margin
No. Name Party Candidate Votes % Party Candidate Votes %
Sri Ganganagar 1 Sadulshahar (1)[26] BJP Gurveer Singh 74,433 37.58 IND Om Bishnoi 58,973 29.77 15460
2 Ganganagar (2)[27] BJP Jaydeep Bihani 81,001 44.66 IND Karuna Ashok Chandak 51,222 28.24 29779
3 Karanpur (3)
Election adjourned
4 Suratgarh (4)[28] INC Dungarram Gedar 116841 55.87 BJP Rampratap Kasania 66382 31.74 50459
Anupgarh 5 Raisinghnagar(SC) (5)[29] INC Sohan Lal Nayak 79586 37.08 BJP Balvir Singh Luthra 65561 28.04 14025
6 Anupgarh(SC) (6)[30] INC Shimla Devi 102746 53.18 BJP Santosh Bawri 64865 33.58 37881
Hanumangarh 7 Sangaria (7)[31] INC Abhimanyu Poonia 98341 47.4 BJP Gurdeep Singh 56331 27.15 42010
8 Hanumangarh (8)[32] IND Ganesh Raj Bansal 89323 37.03 BJP Amit Sahu 79625 33.01 9698
9 Pilibanga(SC) (9)[33] INC Vinod Kumar 143091 57.84 BJP Dharmendra Kumar 87818 35.5 55273
10 Nohar (10)[34] INC Amit Chachan 103623 43.22 BJP Abhishek Matoria 102728 42.85 895
11 Bhadra (11)[35] BJP Sanjeev Kumar 102748 44.68 CPI(M) Balwan Poonia 101616 44.19 1132
Bikaner 12 Khajuwala(SC) (12)[36] BJP Vishwanath Meghwal 91276 51.47 INC Govind Ram Meghwal 73902 41.67 17374
13 Lunkaransar (16)[37] BJP Sumit Godara 60452 29.99 INC Rajendra Moond 51583 25.59 8869
Churu 14 Taranagar (20)[38] INC Narendra Budania 1,08,236 49.52 BJP Rajendra Rathore 97,891 44.78 10345
15 Sardarshahar (21)[39] INC Anil Kumar Sharma 99582 42.27 IND Rajkaran Choudhary 77250 32.79 22332

Haryana

Following is the list of constituencies and Members of Legislative Assembly from the Bagri speaking region of North Western Haryana.

District No. Constituency Name Party Alliance Remarks Reservation
Fatehabad 1 Tohana -(39) Devender Singh Babli Jannayak Janta Party NDA Cabinet Minister
2 Fatehabad - (40) Dura Ram Bharatiya Janata Party NDA
3 Ratia - (41) Lakshman Napa Bharatiya Janata Party NDA SC
Sirsa 4 Kalanwali - (42) Shishpal Singh Indian National Congress UPA SC
5 Dabwali - (43) Amit Sihag Indian National Congress UPA
6 Rania - (44) Ranjit Singh Chautala Independent NDA
7 Sirsa - (45) Gopal Kanda Haryana Lokhit Party NDA
8 Ellenabad - (46) Abhay Singh Chautala Indian National Lok Dal Won in 2021 bypoll necessitated after his resignation
Hisar 9 Adampur - (47) Kuldeep Bishnoi Indian National Congress UPA Resigned on 4 August 2022[40]
Bhavya Bishnoi Bharatiya Janata Party NDA Won in 2022 bypoll
10 Hisar - (52) Kamal Gupta Bharatiya Janata Party NDA


Punjab

Following is the list of constituencies and MLA in the Punjab Legislative Assembly from Fazilka district and southern part of Sri Muktsar Sahib district with the significant presence of Bagri Speakers in South Punjab,India.

District No. Constituency Name Party Bench
Fazilka 1 Fazilka - (80) Narinderpal Singh Sawna Aam Aadmi Party Government
2 Abohar - (81) Sandeep Jakhar Indian National Congress Opposition
3 Balluana - (82) (SC) Amandeep Singh ‘Goldy’ Musafir Aam Aadmi Party Government
Sri Muktsar Sahib 4 Lambi - (83) Gurmeet Singh Khudian Aam Aadmi Party Government

See also

References

  1. 1 2 Nonica Datta, "Forming an identity", The Tribune, 3 July 1999.
  2. ↑ "Revised Land and Revenue Settlement of Hisar District 9006-9011" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 May 2017. Retrieved 26 March 2016.
  3. ↑ Elaine King,1998, Tales & legends of India, Page 61.
  4. ↑ 2002, Abubakar Garba, "State, city and society: processes of urbanisation", University of Maiduguri - Centre for Trans Saharan Studies, Archaeological Association of Nigeria, Page 82.
  5. 1 2 Deepak Kumar Behera, Georg Pfeffer, 2002, The concept of tribal society, Page 284.
  6. ↑ Mohamet Lawan, 1997, No travel is little, Page 66.
  7. ↑ Jemera Rone, Brian Owsley, Human Rights Watch/Africa, 1996, Behind the Red Line: Political Repression in Sudan, Page 274.
  8. 1 2 3 4 India District Census Handboook, 1961
  9. ↑ E. Walter Coward, 1980, "Irrigation and Agricultural Development in Asia: Perspectives from the social sciences", Cornell University press, page 302, ISBN 0801498716.
  10. 1 2 3 4 5 Gusain, Lakhan: Reflexives in Bagri. Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 1994
  11. 1 2 3 4 Gusain, Lakhan: Limitations of Literacy in Bagri. Nicholas Ostler & Blair Rudes (eds.). Endangered Languages and Literacy. Proceedings of the Fourth FEL Conference. University of North Carolina, Charlotte, 21–24 September 2000
  12. ↑ Census India 2001
  13. ↑ Gusain, Lakhan: Bagri Grammar. Munich: Lincom Europa (Languages of the World/Materials, 2000, p. 384
  14. 1 2 B.S. Nijjar, 2008, "Origins and History of Jats and Other Allied Nomadic Tribes of India: 900 B.C.-1947 A.D.", Atlantic Publishers, page 51, ISBN 8126909080.
  15. 1 2 Nonica Datta, 1999, "Forming an Identity: A Social History of the Jats, Oxford University Press, page 12.
  16. ↑ Ajay Singh Rawat (1998). Forests on Fire: Ecology and Politics in the Himalayan Tarai. Cosmo Publications. pp. 80–. ISBN 978-81-7020-840-2.
  17. ↑ Robert Vane Russell, 1916, "pt. II. Descriptive articles on the principal castes and tribes of the Central Provinces", page 435.
  18. 1 2 Robert Vane Russell, 1916, "The Tribes and Castes of the Central Provinces of India (Volumes I and II)", Library of Alexandria publication, ISBN 1465582940.
  19. ↑ 2000, "Haryana District Gazetteers: Rohtak district gazetteer, 1910", Government of Haryana Gazetteers organization, page 237.
  20. 1 2 Vīrasiṃha, 2006, "The Jats: Their Role & Contribution to the Socio-economic Life and Polity of North & North-west India, Volume 2", page 305, ISBN 8188629529.
  21. ↑ Mosley, Charles, ed. (2003). Burke's Peerage, Baronetage & Knighthood (107 ed.). Burke's Peerage & Gentry. p. 219. ISBN 0-9711966-2-1.
  22. ↑ https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultGenDecNew2023/partywisewinresult-369S20.htm
  23. ↑ https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultGenDecNew2023/partywisewinresult-742S20.htm
  24. ↑ https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultGenDecNew2023/partywisewinresult-743S20.htm
  25. ↑ https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultGenDecNew2023/partywiseresult-S20.htm
  26. ↑ https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultGenDecNew2023/candidateswise-S201.htm
  27. ↑ https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultGenDecNew2023/candidateswise-S202.htm
  28. ↑ https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultGenDecNew2023/candidateswise-S204.htm
  29. ↑ https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultGenDecNew2023/candidateswise-S205.htm
  30. ↑ https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultGenDecNew2023/candidateswise-S206.htm
  31. ↑ https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultGenDecNew2023/candidateswise-S207.htm
  32. ↑ https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultGenDecNew2023/candidateswise-S208.htm
  33. ↑ https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultGenDecNew2023/candidateswise-S209.htm
  34. ↑ https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultGenDecNew2023/candidateswise-S2010.htm
  35. ↑ https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultGenDecNew2023/candidateswise-S2011.htm
  36. ↑ https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultGenDecNew2023/candidateswise-S2012.htm
  37. ↑ https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultGenDecNew2023/candidateswise-S2016.htm
  38. ↑ https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultGenDecNew2023/candidateswise-S2020.htm
  39. ↑ https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultGenDecNew2023/candidateswise-S2021.htm
  40. ↑ "Cong's Kuldeep Bishnoi resigns from Haryana Assembly, to join BJP today". The Indian Express. 4 August 2022. Retrieved 26 August 2022.

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