Battle of Badgam
Part of Indo-Pakistani War of 1947–1948
Date3 November 1947
Location
Budgam district, Jammu and Kashmir, India
Result

Indian victory[1]

  • Indian Forces successfully secured outskirts of Srinagar.
  • Tribal advance halted
  • This gave more time for additional Indian Forces to fly to Srinagar and reorganize the block routes towards Srinagar.
  • This battle was followed by another major battle at Shalateng[2]
Belligerents
 India  Pakistan
Commanders and leaders
IndiaSomnath Sharma † Pakistan Khurshid Anwar
Units involved

Flag of the Indian Army 4th Battalion, Kumaon Regiment

Indian Air Force[3]		 Flag of the Pakistani Army Tribal lashkars[4]
Strength
50 men ~1000 men
Casualties and losses
15 killed, 26 wounded[5] 200[6]- 300[7] killed

[8][9][10][11][12] The Battle of Badgam[13] was a defensive encounter that took place at Badgam in the Kashmir Valley close to the Srinagar Airport during the initial stages of the First Kashmir War. The skirmishes took place on 3 November 1947 between a company of the Indian Army, aided by Indian Air Force, and a tribal lashkar of Pakistani raiders numbering around 1000, who had apparently occupied Badgam. The battle drew its significance from the success of the solitary company of 4th Battalion, Kumaon Regiment, led by Major Somnath Sharma,[14] in halting the momentum of advancing tribal "Lashkars",[4] though being heavily outnumbered. Sharma was awarded the Param Vir Chakra posthumously for his actions. The Indian Air Force served as an accompaniment to the army's efforts in the battle, contributing to the majority of the casualties inflicted on the Pakistani lashkars.

Backdrop

The battle took place at a point when Indian troops had just begun their fly-in into Srinagar airfield during the opening stages of the war. The Lashkar were advancing along three axes – North of Wular lake, along the main Muzzafarabad-Baramula-Patan-Srinagar axis, and from Gulmarg. Along the Gulmarg route, a Lashkar of 700 raiders was known to be approaching Badgam but no contact had been made with it.[15]: 25–27  The Lashkar would soon be in a position to seize the airfield and block the induction of Indian troops by air. Alternatively, they could bypass the Patan defenses from the south and reach Srinagar unhindered.

At that moment, only a weak brigade of Indian troops, withdrawn from refugee protection duties in Punjab and hastily airlifted, stood between groups of tribal Lashkars advancing towards Srinagar. Indian troops were deployed only at Srinagar airfield, Magam and Pattan. A detachment of Mahraja's Bodyguard (State Forces cavalry) reconnoitered North of Wular Lake.[6]: 51–69 

Patrol plan

Brigadier L.P. Sen, newly arrived commander of 161 Infantry Brigade decided to send a strong fighting patrol to the hills overseeing Badgam village 5 km west of it. The task of the patrol was to search the area in the vicinity of Badgam and the area between Badgam and Magam for signs of the infiltrating Pakistanis. The patrol was to comprise two companies of the 4th battalion of the Kumaon Regiment (4 KUMAON), reinforced with a company from the regiment's 1st battalion (1 KUMAON). The 1 KUMAON company was tasked to patrol ahead of Badgam by bounds, and link up with 1st Battalion, Punjab Regiment (1 PUNJAB) at Magam after which it would return by road. If no contact was made, the 4 KUMAON companies would fall back one by one, vacating Badgam at 1400 hrs.[6]: 66–67 

Battle of Badgam

On 3 November 1947, Major Somnath Sharma, commanding D Company of 4 KUMAON, led the patrol. The patrol proceeded as planned without incident till the time came for withdrawing from Badgam. Sharma was ordered to fall back one company at a time, one company at 1400 hrs and he along with his company at 1500 hrs. At 1430 hrs, the movement of tribals was seen to the West and near Badgam village. Sharma correctly surmised the movement in Badgam village was meant to divert attention while the attack would come in from the west. The Lashkar attacked from the West. Sharma's company was soon surrounded by the enemy from three sides and sustained heavy casualties from the ensuing mortar bombardment. Sharma realized the importance of holding onto his position as both the city of Srinagar and the airport would be vulnerable if it were lost.

The Indian air forced played a major role in the battle, and caused the majority of Pakistani casualties.[3]

Under heavy fire and outnumbered seven to one,[15]: 27  he urged his company to fight bravely, often exposing himself to danger as he ran from post to post. Despite the forward two platoons falling, Sharma desperately clung to his position with the depth platoon.[16]

While he was busy fighting the enemy, a mortar shell exploded on the ammunition near him. His last message to Brigade HQ received a few moments before he was killed was:[15]: 28 [16]

"The enemies are only 50 yards from us. We are hopelessly outnumbered. I will not withdraw one inch but fight to the last man last round."

Spurred by his gallantry, Sepoy Dewan Singh Danu attacked the enemy fearlessly before losing his life. Dewan Singh was awarded the Maha Vir Chakra posthumously for inflicting at least 15 casualties.[17] At the end of the battle, Indian casualties were 15 killed including. Major Somnath Sharma and 26 wounded.[18] The resistance of 4 Kumaon had halted the Lashkar Tribal advance after taking heavy losses.The Lashkar tribal forces suffered heavy casualties. 200+ tribal forces killed along with their 2 officers, 2 JCOs and 320+ tribesman wounded.[19]

Brigadier Sen then ordered a reorganization of the defenses. 1 PUNJAB was ordered to vacate Magam immediately and fall back to Srinagar.

At Evening, troops of 1 Punjab were moved to Badgam. They occupied blocking positions to secure the airfield. Now at night they waited. The airfield was still vulnerable. Yet, the Lashkar tribal forces failed to make a good opportunity to capture the airfield. The reason being the Khurshid, the leader of Laskar was injured which dithered on further course of action.[10][20] Afterwards, 1 Punjab recaptured Badgam and secured the airfield and the remaining Lashkar tribal forces had to abandon their advance as heavy casualties occurred on their side.

Aftermath of battle

Despite heavy losses the company of 4 Kumaon under Major Somnath Sharma repelled the enemy advance.[9] For his courageous "last man, last round" stand, Maj Sharma[16] was posthumously awarded the Param Vir Chakra, Independent India's newly instituted highest award for gallantry.[21]

The fierce resistance of Sharma's company had caused 200 casualties to the raiders. Also, the tribal leader of the Lashkar had a bullet through his leg.[6]: 75  The Pakistani raiders made no attempt to exploit the vulnerabilities that night and move to the airfield or to Srinagar city. It is surmised that the incapacitation of the leader, the heavy losses, and reports of movement of 1 Punjab into the area had caused the Lashkar raiders to misjudge the tactical situation.[10] Later 1 Punjab recaptured Badgam securing airfield and caused the raiders to abandon their advance.[6]: 75  This also bought time for additional Indian troops to fly into the Srinagar airport the next day, reorganize and block all routes of ingress to Srinagar.[6]: 75 

References

  1. ↑ "Battle of Budgam: Pakistanis Failed Effort to Secure Srinagar Airfield". Indian Defence Review. Retrieved 6 December 2023.
  2. ↑ "shalateng: 75 years of 'Battle of Shalateng' - most decisive battle of first Indo-Pak war - Economic times". m.economictimes.com. Retrieved 7 December 2023.
  3. 1 2 Kumar, Bharat (2014). An incredible war: Indian Air Force in Kashmir War 1947–1948 (2nd ed.). New Delhi: KW Publishers in association with Centre for Air Power Studies. ISBN 978-93-81904-52-7.
  4. 1 2 The term "lashkar" in this context means a group of a thousand tribals of one ethnicity from North West Frontier Province, armed by Pakistani Army and encouraged to infiltrate and raid Kashmir for booty.
  5. ↑ Whitehead, Andrew (2007), A Mission in Kashmir, Penguin, p. 156, ISBN 978-0-670-08127-1
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Sen, Maj Gen L. P. (1969). Slender Was the Thread: Kashmir Confrontation 1947–48. New Delhi: Orient Longman. p. 308. ISBN 0-86131-692-4. Retrieved 4 August 2010.
  7. ↑ Cardozo, Major General Ian (31 December 2003). Param Vir: Our Heroes in Battle. Roli Books Private Limited. ISBN 978-93-5194-029-6. bodies of over 300 tribesmen were counted
  8. ↑ "Defence of Srinagar 1947". Indian Defence Review. 17 January 2023. Retrieved 9 December 2023.
  9. 1 2 "Battle of Budgam: Pakistanis Failed Effort to Secure Srinagar Airfield". Indian Defence Review. Retrieved 6 December 2023.
  10. 1 2 3 Harpreet (3 November 2017). "Maj Somnath Sharma, PVC (P) and The Battle of Badgam". Harpreet's Blog. Retrieved 7 December 2023.
  11. ↑ "shalateng: 75 years of 'Battle of Shalateng' - most decisive battle of first Indo-Pak war - The Economic Times". m.economictimes.com. Retrieved 7 December 2023.
  12. ↑ Ray, Ashis (25 March 2023). "1947 Indo-Pak war: what the Bucher papers show". Frontline. Retrieved 9 December 2023.
  13. ↑ Sen, Maj Gen L. P. (1969). Slender Was the Thread: Kashmir Confrontation 1947–48. New Delhi: Orient Longman. p. 308. ISBN 0-86131-692-4. Retrieved 4 August 2010.
  14. ↑ "Major Somnath Sharma PVC – Honourpoint". Retrieved 10 December 2023.
  15. 1 2 3 Sinha, Lt. Gen. S.K. (1977). Operation Rescue:Military Operations in Jammu & Kashmir 1947–49. New Delhi: Vision Books. p. 174. ISBN 81-7094-012-5. Retrieved 4 August 2010.
  16. 1 2 3 "Tributes Pour In For Major Somnath Sharma On Battle Of Badgam Day". NDTV.com. Retrieved 7 December 2023.
  17. ↑ "Mahavir Chakra (MVC), Awardee: Sep Dewan Singh, MVC @ TWDI". twdi.in. Retrieved 1 November 2022.
  18. ↑ Raina, Dr Shiben Krishen (14 August 2023). "Frontline Hero: Major Somnath Sharma and the Battle of Badgam". Daily Good Morning Kashmir. Retrieved 7 December 2023.
  19. ↑ "Major Somnath Sharma – First Param Vir Chakra Awardee | India of the Past". www.indiaofthepast.org. Retrieved 6 December 2023.
  20. ↑ Kumar, Bharat (2014). An incredible war: Indian Air Force in Kashmir War 1947–1948 (2nd ed.). New Delhi: KW Publishers in association with Centre for Air Power Studies. ISBN 978-93-81904-52-7.
  21. ↑ Entry on "Maj Somnath Sharma, PVC (Posthumous)" on Indian Army website. Accessed 6 August 2010.
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