Map of Mexico with Mexico City highlighted
Map of Mexico with Mexico City highlighted
Map of Mexico City boroughs
Mexico City boroughs

Mexico City is one of the 32 federal entities of Mexico, the others being the 31 states. It was named Distrito Federal (Federal District) up to February 5, 2016, when it was officially renamed the Ciudad de México.[1] According to the 2020 Mexican census, it is the second most populated entity with 9,209,944 inhabitants and the smallest by land area spanning 1,494.3 square kilometres (577.0 sq mi).[2][3]

Despite containing the word "City", it is not governed as a city but as a unit consisting of multiple subdivisions. As a result of the Political Reforms enacted in 2016, it is no longer designated as a federal district and became a city, a member entity of the Mexican federation, seat of the Powers of the Union and the capital of Mexico.[4]

Mexico City is not organized into municipalities. Instead, it is divided into 16 boroughs, officially designated as Alcaldías in Spanish. Headed by a mayor, these boroughs kept the same territory and name as the former delegaciones, while expanding their local government powers.[4] Boroughs are considered as third-level subdivisions for statistical data collection and cross-country comparisons. The traditional center of Mexico City comprises four boroughs: Benito Juárez, Cuauhtémoc, Miguel Hidalgo and Venustiano Carranza.

The largest borough by population is Iztapalapa, with 1,835,486 residents, while the smallest is Milpa Alta with 152,685 residents. Iztacalco is the most densely populated subdivision in Mexico.[2] The largest borough by land area is Tlalpan which spans 314.50 km2 (121.43 sq mi), and the smallest is Iztacalco with 23.10 km2 (8.92 sq mi).[3]

The most recent boroughs are Benito Juárez, Cuauhtémoc, Miguel Hidalgo and Venustiano Carranza, all established in 1970 out of the former circumscription of Mexico City.[5]

Boroughs

Name Population
(2020)[2]		 Population
(2010)[6]		 Change Land area[3] Population density
(2020)		 Incorporation date[5] Mayor
km2 sq mi
Álvaro Obregón[lower-alpha 1] 759,137 727,034 +4.4% 95.9 37.0 7,915.9/km2 (20,502.1/sq mi) February 15, 1826 Lía Limón
Azcapotzalco 432,205 414,711 +4.2% 33.5 12.9 12,901.6/km2 (33,415.1/sq mi) August 6, 1826 Margarita Saldaña
Benito Juárez 434,153 385,439 +12.6% 26.7 10.3 16,260.4/km2 (42,114.3/sq mi) December 29, 1970 Santiago Taboada
Coyoacán 614,447 620,416 −1.0% 53.9 20.8 11,399.8/km2 (29,525.2/sq mi) August 6, 1824 Giovani Gutiérrez
Cuajimalpa 217,686 186,391 +16.8% 71.2 27.5 3,057.4/km2 (7,918.6/sq mi) July 28, 1899 Adrián Ruvalcaba
Cuauhtémoc 545,884 531,831 +2.6% 32.5 12.5 16,796.4/km2 (43,502.6/sq mi) December 29, 1970 Sandra Cuevas
Gustavo A. Madero[lower-alpha 2] 1,173,351 1,185,772 −1.0% 87.9 33.9 13,348.7/km2 (34,573.0/sq mi) May 6, 1861 Francisco Chiguil
Iztacalco[lower-alpha 3] 404,695 384,326 +5.3% 23.1 8.9 17,519.3/km2 (45,374.7/sq mi) March 5, 1862 Raúl Armando Quintero
Iztapalapa 1,835,486 1,815,786 +1.1% 113.2 43.7 16,214.5/km2 (41,995.5/sq mi) March 5, 1862 Clara Brugada
La Magdalena Contreras 247,622 239,086 +3.6% 63.4 24.5 3,905.7/km2 (10,115.7/sq mi) December 31, 1928 Luis Gerardo Quijano
Miguel Hidalgo 414,470 372,889 +11.2% 46.4 17.9 8,932.5/km2 (23,135.2/sq mi) December 29, 1970 Mauricio Tabe
Milpa Alta 152,685 130,582 +16.9% 298.2 115.1 512.0/km2 (1,326.1/sq mi) February 15, 1826 Judith Vanegas Tapia
Tláhuac[lower-alpha 4] 392,313 360,265 +8.9% 85.9 33.2 4,567.1/km2 (11,828.7/sq mi) February 15, 1826 Berenice Hernández
Tlalpan[lower-alpha 5] 699,928 650,567 +7.6% 314.5 121.4 2,225.5/km2 (5,764.1/sq mi) April 8, 1825 Alfa González
Venustiano Carranza 443,704 430,978 +3.0% 32.5 12.5 13,652.4/km2 (35,359.6/sq mi) December 29, 1970 Evelyn Parra
Xochimilco 442,178 415,007 +6.5% 114.1 44.1 3,875.4/km2 (10,037.1/sq mi) August 6, 1826 José Carlos Acosta
Mexico City 9,209,944 8,851,080 +4.1% 1,494.3 577.0 6,163.4/km2 (15,963.1/sq mi) — —
Mexico 126,014,024 112,336,538 +12.2% 1,960,646.7 757,010 64.3/km2 (166.5/sq mi) — —

Notes

  1. ↑ Álvaro Obregón was originally incorporated as San Ángel, changing its name on December 31, 1941.[5]
  2. ↑ Gustavo A. Madero was originally incorporated as Guadalupe Hidalgo, changing its name on December 31, 1941.[5]
  3. ↑ Iztacalco was merged with Gustavo A. Madero (at that time known as Guadalupe Hidalgo) from 1903 to 1921.[5]
  4. ↑ Tláhuac was merged with Xochimilco from 1903 to 1928.[5]
  5. ↑ Tlalpan was originally incorporated as San Agustín de las Cuevas, changing its name on September 25, 1827.[5]

References

  1. ↑ "General Agreement of the Plenary of the Federal Judiciary Council by which the name of the Federal District is changed to Mexico City" (in Spanish). Diario Oficial de la Federación. Retrieved 2021-03-01.
  2. 1 2 3 "Censo de Población y Vivienda 2020 - SCITEL" (in Spanish). INEGI. Retrieved 2021-01-27.
  3. 1 2 3 "México en cifras - Medio Ambiente - Ciudad de México" (in Spanish). INEGI. Retrieved February 12, 2021.
  4. 1 2 "Constitution of Mexico City" (PDF) (in Spanish). Gobierno de la Ciudad de México. Retrieved 2021-02-08.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Distrito Federal División Territorial de 1810 a 1995 (PDF) (in Spanish). Mexico: INEGI. 1996. ISBN 970-13-1494-8.
  6. ↑ "Censo de Población y Vivienda 2010 - SCITEL" (in Spanish). INEGI. Retrieved 2021-01-27.
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