Brad Raffensperger
Raffensperger in 2022
29th Secretary of State of Georgia
Assumed office
January 14, 2019
GovernorBrian Kemp
Preceded byRobyn Crittenden
Member of the Georgia House of Representatives
from the 50th district
In office
February 10, 2015 – January 14, 2019
Preceded byLynne Riley
Succeeded byAngelika Kausche
Personal details
Born
Bradford Jay Raffensperger

(1955-05-18) May 18, 1955
Political partyRepublican
SpouseTricia
Children3
Residence(s)Johns Creek, Georgia, U.S.
EducationUniversity of Western Ontario (BS)
Georgia State University (MBA)
OccupationBusinessman, politician
ProfessionCivil engineer

Bradford Jay Raffensperger (born May 18, 1955)[1][2] is an American businessman, civil engineer, and politician serving as the Secretary of State of Georgia since 2019. A member of the Republican Party, he previously served in the Georgia House of Representatives, representing District 50.

Raffensperger rose to national prominence in the aftermath of the 2020 U.S. presidential election, in which incumbent President Donald Trump lost. Trump refused to accept defeat, made false claims of fraud, and launched an unsuccessful protracted campaign to overturn the election results. As part of this campaign, Trump made a recorded phone call on January 2, 2021, in which he attempted to persuade Raffensperger to change the election results in Georgia in Trump's favor. Raffensperger refused to do so, and said the outgoing president's claims were based on falsehoods.

Raffensperger was reelected in the 2022 Georgia Secretary of State election, after defeating Trump-backed Jody Hice in the Republican primary and Democratic challenger Bee Nguyen in the general election.

Early life and career

Raffensperger earned a bachelor's degree in civil engineering from the University of Western Ontario and a Master of Business Administration from Georgia State University.[3]

Raffensperger is the chief executive officer of Tendon Systems, LLC, a contracting and engineering firm that operates in Columbus, Georgia, and Forsyth County, Georgia.[3] He amassed a net worth of $26.5 million from his work in the private sector.[4]

Political career

Johns Creek City Council

Raffensperger is a lifelong Republican.[5] He served on the Post 2 seat of the Johns Creek City Council from 2012 to 2014.[6][7][8] He replaced Dan McCabe on the City Council.[7] He resigned in November 2014 to run for the special election to represent the 50th district in the Georgia House, and was succeeded by Chris Coughlin.[8][9]

Georgia House of Representatives

Raffensperger subsequently won his bid to the Georgia House in 2015, succeeding Lynne Riley.[1][10][11] In the state House, Raffensperger sponsored legislation to bar county officials from personally profiting from tax liens. Previously, the Fulton County tax commissioner personally collected fees from tax liens and sales of tax liens to private collection companies, allowing him to amass $200,000 over a four-year period. The legislation ended this self-enrichment practice.[12] Raffensperger also sponsored a measure to amend the Georgia state constitution to allow the re-creation of a county that previously existed but had later merged with another county; the measure would allow northern Fulton County to split off to form Milton County.[13]

Georgia Secretary of State

2018 election

Raffensperger ran for the Secretary of State of Georgia in the 2018 election.[14] The Secretary of State in Georgia oversees elections[15] and is chairman of the state election board.[16] The Secretary of State also oversees business registration and occupational licensing.[15]

In the Republican Party primary, Raffensperger faced former Alpharetta mayor David Belle Isle, state Representative Buzz Brockway, and state representative Josh McKoon.[17] In the primary, Raffensperger came in first place and Belle Isle came in second place; because no candidate obtained a majority, the race for the Republican nomination went to a primary runoff,[18] which Raffensperger won.[15] During his campaign, Raffensperger "said he would reduce government bureaucracy, support voter ID laws and push for verifiable paper ballots when Georgia replaces its electronic voting machines."[15]

In the November 6, 2018, general election, Raffensperger finished with the most votes, leading Democrat John Barrow by less than one percent.[19] He defeated Barrow in a runoff election on December 4, 2018.[20]

Disputes regarding purging of voter rolls and Latino voter access

In 2019, Raffensperger fought 2018 Democratic gubernatorial candidate Stacey Abrams, the former minority leader of the Georgia House of Representatives, as she contested his action to remove 300,000 names from the voter registration rolls, and he won the case. In 2021, he removed over 100,000 additional names from the Georgia rolls, depending in part on data received from ERIC, the national Electronic Registration Information Center.[21]

The Georgia Association of Latino Elected Officials (GALEO) and other civil rights groups sued Raffensperger's Office and the Gwinnett County elections board in federal court, arguing that the county's mailing of mail-in ballot applications printed only in English should also have been sent in the Spanish language to registered voters in Gwinnett County because of its large Spanish-speaking population. The suit was dismissed in October 2020 by U.S. District Judge William M. Ray II, who ruled that the plaintiffs lacked standing and the English-only mailings did not violate the Voting Rights Act.[22] The number of Latinos eligible to vote in Georgia has expanded and turnout percentage has increased since 2016, exceeding countrywide participation rates of that ethnicity said Jerry Gonzalez, GALEO's executive director. Latinos are 5 percent of Georgia's electorate, with about 377,000 Latinos eligible to vote, and about 250,000 registered.[23]

2020 elections

May and June primary elections

In 2020, the Georgia presidential primaries, originally set for March 24, were moved to May 19 (the date for non-presidential primaries in Georgia), due to the COVID-19 pandemic.[24][25] Later, Raffensperger further postponed the Georgia primaries to June 9 due to the coronavirus crisis.[26] During the 2020 Georgia elections, Raffensperger sought to prevent Georgia polling places from printing paper backups of voter registration and absentee voting information in case polling places would struggle to use voter check-in tablets, called Poll Pads, which had been problematic in Georgia's primary elections in June 2020. The tablets had caused long lines at polling places. Voting rights groups had requested paper backups to prevent a risk of chaos on election day in case the tablets failed.[27] The voting rights groups sued Raffensperger in federal court; they obtained an order from a district judge ordering Georgia election officials to prepare such paper backups, but this order was blocked by the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit.[27]

To protect voting rights during the pandemic, Raffensperger directed the mailing of absentee (mail-in) ballot applications to all of Georgia's 6.9 million active registered voters for the state's June 2020 primary.[24][25] After David Ralston, the Republican speaker of the state House, said that expanded use of mail-in voting would "be extremely devastating to Republicans and conservatives in Georgia," Republicans on a Georgia state House committee advanced legislation to block election officials from sending mail-in ballot request forms to voters ahead of elections.[25] Raffensperger pushed back on the proposal, saying: "By a wide margin, voters on both sides of the political spectrum agree that sending absentee applications to all active voters was the safest and best thing our office could do to protect our voters at the peak of COVID-19. Some seem to be saying that our office should have ignored the wave of absentee voting that was clearly coming."[25] After encountering opposition, the proposed ban died in the Georgia General Assembly.[28]

November general elections

Raffensperger did not send out mail-in ballot applications to every active registered voter in Georgia for the November 2020 general election, citing the cost of a mass mailing.[29] Rather, Raffensperger created an online portal for Georgia voters to request absentee ballots.[29] He encouraged voters to take advantage of in-person early voting and mail-in voting.[30]

The November 2020 general election in Georgia went smoothly, avoiding the problems that had plagued the primary election in June; Raffensperger credited the successful process to the record numbers of voters who cast ballots before Election Day, either by mail or during Georgia's three-week period of in-person early voting.[31] Democratic presidential candidate Joe Biden became president-elect, defeating incumbent Donald Trump, and Democrats made gains in Georgia, with Biden winning the state, the first time since 1992 that a Democratic presidential nominee had won Georgia.[32][33][34]

Trump's efforts to change the election results

After the election, Raffensperger's fellow Republicans, Georgia's U.S. Senators, David Perdue and Kelly Loeffler, issued a joint statement accusing Raffensperger of unspecified "failures" and calling for him to resign.[33][34] Perdue and Loeffler offered no evidence in support of their claims, which they made after pressure from Trump, who had promoted conspiracy theories about the election and falsely claimed it was rigged.[33][34][35] State elections officials and other Republican leaders noted that there was no evidence of wrongdoing in connection with the election.[34] Both Perdue and Loeffler were up for re-election but failed to achieve a majority of the vote, triggering a runoff election in Georgia against their Democratic opponents, which took place on January 5, 2021, and determined party control of the Senate.[33][34] Raffensperger rejected the calls for his resignation, saying, "As a Republican, I am concerned about Republicans keeping the U.S. Senate. I recommend that Senators Loeffler and Perdue start focusing on that."[33] Raffensperger added, "If I was Senator Perdue, I'd be irritated I was in a runoff. And both Senators and I are all unhappy with the potential outcome for our President."[33]

Under pressure from fellow Republicans, Raffensperger ordered a statewide hand recount/audit of all 5 million votes in the Georgia presidential race, in which Biden led Trump by approximately 14,000 votes. Critics, including the voting rights group Coalition for Good Governance, described Raffensperger's decision to go forward with the hand recount being motivated by the political pressure he had received from Trump, and said it was not contemplated by Georgia law.[35][36][37] Raffensperger denied this,[35][36][37] although he did say that fellow Republicans were pressuring him to find ways to exclude legal ballots.[38] Raffensperger said that South Carolina Senator Lindsey Graham pressured him in a call to throw out postal ballots favoring Biden. Though Graham denied the allegations, a separate Republican[39] election official who was also present in the call, Gabriel Sterling, confirmed Raffensperger's statement.[40] Doug Collins, a Republican congressman from Georgia who lost his race and oversaw Trump's efforts in Georgia, falsely claimed fraud in the Georgia election, prompting Raffensperger, typically known for his mild manner, to call Collins a "liar" and "charlatan" for his rhetoric.[38][41][5] The hand recount reaffirmed Biden's victory, with Biden receiving 2.47 million votes and Trump receiving 2.46 million votes, a margin of 12,670 votes (0.25%). On November 20, Raffensperger certified the final vote totals, and Georgia Governor Brian Kemp issued the formal certification of the state's slate of electors.[32] Trump continued to promote false claims about the electoral process after certification; some Trump supporters harassed or threatened Raffensperger, his wife, and Raffensperger aide Sterling, the state voting system implementation manager, including death threats.[42] Sterling publicly called on Trump to condemn the acts and "Stop inspiring people to commit potential acts of violence."[43][44]

In March 2021, the Republican-controlled state legislature passed a bill, which was signed into law by Kemp, that removed the position of state election board chair from the Georgia Secretary of State's duties.[45] The law handed control of the state election board chair to the state legislature.[45]

Trump–Raffensperger phone call

A recording of an hour-long phone call between President Donald Trump, Raffensperger, and several other state and federal officials on January 2, 2021, was obtained by The Washington Post and released the following day.[46][47] On the call, Trump pressured Raffensperger to change the election results for the state of Georgia to make him the winner; Trump told Raffensperger, "I just want to find 11,780 votes." Raffensperger repeatedly rebuffed Trump's attempts to pressure him.[48][49][50]

After the taped call was published, Democratic congressional leaders asked the FBI to investigate the call and probe whether Trump had "engaged in solicitation of, or conspiracy to commit, a number of election crimes."[51] Journalist Carl Bernstein, who in 1972 broke the Watergate scandal with Bob Woodward leading to the resignation of President Richard Nixon, called the Trump–Raffensperger scandal "far worse than Watergate" and said that in any other presidency it would result in impeachment, conviction, and bipartisan demands for the president's resignation.[52] In an interview, Raffensperger said that Trump "did most of the talking" on the call and noted that Trump's voter fraud allegations were "just plain wrong".[53] In a letter to Congress on January 6, 2021, Raffensperger gave a point-by-point refutation of Trump's false election claims.[54][55][56]

Russell Bowers, Raffensperger, and Gabriel Sterling being sworn in for their testimony before the Jan. 6 hearing

While some House Republicans tried to defend Trump's Georgia call, Democrats began drafting a censure resolution.[57] On January 6, 2021, days after the call, a pro-Trump mob attacked the Capitol while the Congress was counting the electoral votes to formalize Biden's victory. After the attack, the U.S. House of Representatives impeached Trump for incitement of insurrection. The article of impeachment adopted by the House notes the Raffensperger call, stating: "President Trump's conduct on January 6, 2021, followed his prior efforts to subvert and obstruct the certification of the results of the 2020 Presidential election. Those prior efforts included a phone call on January 2, 2021, during which President Trump urged the secretary of state of Georgia, Brad Raffensperger, to 'find' enough votes to overturn the Georgia Presidential election results and threatened Secretary Raffensperger if he failed to do so."[58][59]

Raffensperger testified in public hearings before the United States House Select Committee on the January 6 Attack on June 21, 2022.[60]

2022 election

Raffensperger was reelected to a second term in 2022. Trump had endorsed a primary challenger Jody Hice, a supporter of his election fraud claims.[61][62] Facing punitive opposition by the former president, death threats, harassment, and having to confront misinformation and lies asserted by an opponent, Raffensperger explained his motivation to run for reelection: "If the good walk off the field and leave the field to the bad, then the bad wins."[63]

Raffensperger fended off his primary challengers, ultimately winning the 50% of the votes needed to avoid a runoff. He defeated the Democratic Party nominee, Democratic state representative Bee Nguyen, in the November general election.[64]

Electoral history

2018 Georgia Secretary of State election Republican primary results[65]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Brad Raffensperger 185,386 34.96%
Republican David Belle Isle 151,328 28.54%
Republican Joshua McKoon 112,113 21.14%
Republican Buzz Brockway 81,492 15.37%
Total votes 530,319 100.00%
2018 Georgia Secretary of State election Republican primary runoff results[66]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Brad Raffensperger 331,127 61.74%
Republican David Belle Isle 205,223 38.26%
Total votes 536,350 100.00%
2018 Georgia Secretary of State election[67]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Brad Raffensperger 1,906,588 49.09%
Democratic John Barrow 1,890,310 48.67%
Libertarian Smythe DuVal 86,696 2.23%
Total votes 3,883,594 100.0%
2018 Georgia Secretary of State runoff election[68]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Brad Raffensperger 764,855 51.89%
Democratic John Barrow 709,049 48.11%
Total votes 1,473,904 100.0%
2022 Georgia Secretary of State election Republican primary results[69]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Brad Raffensperger (incumbent) 611,616 52.37
Republican Jody Hice 389,447 33.34
Republican David Belle Isle 103,272 8.84
Republican TJ Hudson 63,646 5.45
Total votes 1,167,981 100.00%
2022 Georgia Secretary of State election[70]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Brad Raffensperger (incumbent) 2,081,241 53.23
Democratic Bee Nguyen 1,719,922 43.99
Libertarian Ted Metz 108,884 2.78
Total votes

Personal life

Raffensperger and his wife, Tricia, have three children and two grandchildren.[3] Raffensperger is a member of the North Point Community Church.[71]

Raffensperger has four siblings. Donald Trump has falsely claimed that Raffensperger has a brother, Ron, who "works for China", but Raffensperger's only brother is not named Ron and does not work for or in China.[72] There is a Huawei executive named Ron Raffensperger, but they are not related.[73]

References

  1. 1 2 "Representative Brad Raffensperger". Georgia House of Representatives. February 10, 2015. Archived from the original on November 14, 2020. Retrieved July 21, 2018.
  2. ↑ Quill, Ann Marie (November 3, 2011). "Get to Know: Brad Raffensperger". Johns Creek Patch. Archived from the original on November 13, 2020. Retrieved July 25, 2018.
  3. 1 2 3 Dixon, Kristal (April 6, 2017). "Raffensperger To Run For Georgia Secretary of State". Johns Creek, GA Patch. Archived from the original on April 21, 2019. Retrieved November 11, 2018.
  4. ↑ Bluestein, Greg (August 15, 2018). "Millionaire candidates stud Georgia's ballot". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Archived from the original on February 5, 2019.
  5. 1 2 Fausset, Richard (November 16, 2020). "As Tensions Among Republicans Mount, Georgia's Recount Proceeds Smoothly". The New York Times. Archived from the original on December 14, 2020. Retrieved January 4, 2021.
  6. ↑ "Brad Raffensperger's Biography - The Voter's Self Defense System". Vote Smart. Archived from the original on November 16, 2018. Retrieved November 11, 2018.
  7. 1 2 Quill, Ann Marie (December 7, 2011). "Raffensperger Wins City Council Seat in Runoff". Johns Creek, GA Patch. Archived from the original on November 13, 2020. Retrieved November 11, 2018.
  8. 1 2 Kass, Arielle (August 26, 2016). "Johns Creek elects new council members". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Archived from the original on November 14, 2020.
  9. ↑ "Johns Creek City Council P2 - Runoff". Archived from the original on May 12, 2022. Retrieved February 3, 2021.
  10. ↑ "Brad Raffensperger". Ballotpedia. Archived from the original on November 13, 2020. Retrieved November 11, 2018.
  11. ↑ Guevara, Eve (May 10, 2018). "Brad Raffensperger focuses on business growth, voting in Secretary of State race". Tifton Gazette. Archived from the original on November 16, 2018. Retrieved July 12, 2018.
  12. ↑ Kass, Arielle (March 23, 2017). "Ga. stops Fulton Tax Commissioner Arthur Ferdinand's fee on liens". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Archived from the original on March 23, 2017.
  13. ↑ Kass, Arielle (August 28, 2016). "Milton County legislation on the table again". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Archived from the original on April 20, 2017.
  14. ↑ Wolfe, Wes (April 30, 2018). "Engineer has eyes on secretary of State". The Brunswick News. Archived from the original on November 16, 2018. Retrieved July 12, 2018.
  15. 1 2 3 4 Niesse, Mark (July 24, 2018). "Georgia Election 2018: Raffensperger wins GOP secretary of state race". Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Archived from the original on November 17, 2020. Retrieved January 4, 2021.
  16. ↑ Brumback, Kate (March 5, 2020). "Hearing set on county decision to ditch new voting machines". Associated Press. Archived from the original on December 25, 2020. Retrieved November 14, 2020.
  17. ↑ Ballew, Shannon (April 25, 2018). "Forum features state school superintendent, secretary of state hopefuls". Cherokee Tribune Ledger-News. Archived from the original on April 25, 2018.
  18. ↑ McCord, Susan (July 16, 2018). "Georgia GOP secretary of state hopefuls head for runoff". Savannah Morning News. Archived from the original on August 1, 2021. Retrieved November 15, 2020.
  19. ↑ Prabhu, Maya T. (November 25, 2018). "Two Georgia down-ballot races appear headed to runoffs". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Archived from the original on November 14, 2020. Retrieved January 4, 2021.
  20. ↑ Lockhart, P. R. (December 4, 2018). "Republican Brad Raffensperger wins Georgia secretary of state runoff". Vox. Archived from the original on November 14, 2020. Retrieved January 4, 2021.
  21. ↑ Janfaza, Rachel (June 18, 2021). "Georgia removes 100,000 names from voter registration rolls". CNN. Archived from the original on May 12, 2022. Retrieved June 19, 2021.
  22. ↑ "Judge dismisses request to send Spanish ballot applications". Associated Press. October 5, 2020. Archived from the original on May 12, 2022. Retrieved July 12, 2021.
  23. ↑ Gamboa, Suzanne (November 12, 2020). "Latino voters in Georgia get attention in high-stakes Senate races". NBC News. Archived from the original on May 12, 2022. Retrieved July 12, 2021.
  24. 1 2 Nadler, Ben (March 24, 2020). "Georgia to mail absentee ballot applications to all voters". AP News. Associated Press. Archived from the original on May 12, 2022. Retrieved January 4, 2021.
  25. 1 2 3 4 Nadler, Ben (June 24, 2020). "Georgia measure would stop officials mailing ballot requests". AP News. Associated Press. Archived from the original on May 12, 2022. Retrieved January 4, 2021.
  26. ↑ Niesse, Mark (April 9, 2020). "Georgia primary delayed again to June 9 during coronavirus emergency". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Archived from the original on December 3, 2020. Retrieved January 4, 2021.
  27. 1 2 Niesse, Mark (October 24, 2020). "Appeals court stops more paper backups of Georgia voter records". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Archived from the original on November 26, 2020. Retrieved January 4, 2021.
  28. ↑ Niesse, Mark (June 27, 2020). "Ban on mailing absentee ballot forms dies at Georgia Legislature". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Archived from the original on November 27, 2020. Retrieved January 4, 2021.
  29. 1 2 Brumback, Kate (August 10, 2020). "Georgia board approves online absentee ballot request portal". Associated Press. Archived from the original on January 5, 2021. Retrieved January 4, 2021.
  30. ↑ Jones, Zoe Christen (October 19, 2020). "Georgia's secretary of state encourages early voting ahead of record election turnout". CBS News. Archived from the original on January 20, 2021. Retrieved January 4, 2021.
  31. ↑ Brumback, Kate; Thanawala, Sudhin (November 4, 2020). "Despite a few hiccups, voting in Georgia goes smoothly". Associated Press. Archived from the original on May 12, 2022. Retrieved January 4, 2021.
  32. 1 2 Brumback, Kate (November 20, 2020). "Georgia officials certify election results showing Biden win". Associated Press. Archived from the original on December 1, 2020. Retrieved January 4, 2021.
  33. 1 2 3 4 5 6 LeVine, Marianne; Arkin, James (November 9, 2020). "Loeffler, Perdue call on Georgia's Republican secretary of state to resign". Politico. Archived from the original on January 25, 2021. Retrieved January 4, 2021.
  34. 1 2 3 4 5 Niesse, Mark; Bluestein, Greg (November 10, 2020). "Citing no evidence, Georgia's U.S. senators demand elections head resign". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Archived from the original on January 3, 2021. Retrieved January 4, 2021.
  35. 1 2 3 Hakim, Danny; Fausset, Richard (November 12, 2020). "Georgia Will Begin Recounting Votes, With Biden Still Favored". The New York Times. Archived from the original on May 12, 2022. Retrieved January 4, 2021.
  36. 1 2 Brumback, Kate (November 13, 2020). "Masked workers start presidential hand tally in Georgia". Associated Press. Archived from the original on May 12, 2022. Retrieved January 4, 2021.
  37. 1 2 Niesse, Mark; Bluestein, Greg (November 11, 2020). "Georgia launches statewide hand recount of presidential race". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Archived from the original on December 3, 2020. Retrieved January 4, 2021.
  38. 1 2 Gardner, Amy (November 16, 2020). "Ga. secretary of state says fellow Republicans are pressuring him to find ways to exclude ballots". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on November 17, 2020. Retrieved January 4, 2021.
  39. ↑ Jarvie, Jennie; Mehta, Seema (November 9, 2020). "'Hoaxes and nonsense': GOP election officials in Georgia reject Trump's unfounded fraud claims". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on November 16, 2020. Retrieved November 19, 2020.
  40. ↑ Knowles, David (November 17, 2020). "Lindsey Graham on the defensive over calls to state election officials". Yahoo! News. Archived from the original on May 12, 2022. Retrieved November 19, 2020.
  41. ↑ Judd, Alan (November 15, 2020). "Georgia's recount integrity faces attack". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Archived from the original on December 1, 2020. Retrieved November 16, 2020.
  42. ↑ "2nd Georgia election official says he's getting death threats". WSB-TV. November 22, 2020. Archived from the original on June 1, 2022. Retrieved January 5, 2021.
  43. ↑ Fausset, Richard (December 1, 2020). "'It Has to Stop': Georgia Election Official Lashes Trump". The New York Times. Archived from the original on May 29, 2022. Retrieved December 4, 2020.
  44. ↑ "Trump inciting violence, warns Georgia election official". BBC News. December 2, 2020. Archived from the original on May 12, 2022. Retrieved January 4, 2021.
  45. 1 2 Siders, David; Montellaro, Zach (March 28, 2021). "'He's toast': GOP leaves Raffensperger twisting in the wind". Politico. Archived from the original on March 31, 2021. Retrieved March 28, 2021.
  46. ↑ Gardner, Amy (January 3, 2021). "'I just want to find 11,780 votes': In extraordinary hour-long call, Trump pressures Georgia secretary of state to recalculate the vote in his favor". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on January 4, 2021. Retrieved January 4, 2021.
  47. ↑ Braverman, Jason (January 3, 2021). "Trump asks Georgia election officials to 'find' votes during call with Sec. of State". 11Alive. Archived from the original on January 14, 2021. Retrieved January 11, 2021.
  48. ↑ Scanlan, Quinn (January 4, 2021). "Trump demands Georgia secretary of state 'find' enough votes to hand him win". ABC News. Archived from the original on January 4, 2021. Retrieved January 4, 2021.
  49. ↑ Amy, Jeff; Superville, Darlene; Brumback, Kate (January 4, 2021). "Trump, on tape, presses Ga. official to 'find' him votes". Associated Press. Archived from the original on January 4, 2021. Retrieved January 4, 2021.
  50. ↑ Clench, Sam (January 4, 2021). "Donald Trump recorded telling Brad Raffensperger to 'find' votes to overturn his election defeat in Georgia". News.com.au. Archived from the original on July 29, 2021. Retrieved January 4, 2021.
  51. ↑ Smaith, Allan; Moe, Alex (January 4, 2021). "Democrats ask FBI Director Wray to open criminal probe into Trump after leaked phone call - Reps. Ted Lieu and Kathleen Rice wrote that they believe Trump "engaged in solicitation of, or conspiracy to commit, a number of election crimes."". NBC News. Archived from the original on January 4, 2021. Retrieved January 4, 2021.
  52. ↑ Harvey, Josephine (January 3, 2021). "Carl Bernstein Says Latest Trump Tapes Are 'Far Worse' Than Watergate". Huffington Post. Archived from the original on January 4, 2021. Retrieved January 4, 2021.
  53. ↑ Scanlan, Quinn (January 4, 2021). "Trump 'just plain wrong' on fraud claims: Georgia Secretary of State Raffensperger". ABC News. Archived from the original on January 4, 2021. Retrieved January 4, 2021.
  54. ↑ Greenwood, Max (January 7, 2021). "Georgia elections chief refutes election claims in letter to Congress". The Hill. Archived from the original on May 12, 2022. Retrieved September 26, 2021.
  55. ↑ Letter to Congress from Secretary Raffensperge Archived November 8, 2021, at the Wayback Machine (January 6, 2021).
  56. ↑ Raymond, Jonathan (January 7, 2021). "Georgia Sec. of State issued letter refuting fraud claims ahead of electoral vote count". WXIA-TV. Archived from the original on August 22, 2023. Retrieved September 26, 2021.
  57. ↑ Raju, Manu; Herb, Jeremy (January 4, 2021). "House Republicans rush to Trump's defense over Georgia call as Democrats prep censure resolution". CNN News. Archived from the original on January 4, 2021. Retrieved January 4, 2021.
  58. ↑ H. Res. 24: Impeaching Donald John Trump, President of the United States, for high crimes and misdemeanors Archived January 13, 2021, at the Wayback Machine.
  59. ↑ Buchanan, Christopher (January 10, 2021). "Draft Donald Trump impeachment article mentions call with Raffensperger". WXIA-TV.
  60. ↑ Kaur, Anumita (June 21, 2022). "'I need 11,000 votes, give me a break': Raffensperger details Trump's election demands". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on June 21, 2022. Retrieved June 22, 2022.
  61. ↑ Murphy, Patricia; Bluestein, Greg; Mitchell, Tia (May 19, 2021). "The Jolt: Brad Raffensperger: 'Yes, I'm running again'". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Archived from the original on May 11, 2022. Retrieved May 19, 2021.
  62. ↑ Haberman, Maggie (March 22, 2021). "Trump Endorses a Loyalist, Jody Hice, for Georgia Secretary of State". The New York Times. Archived from the original on May 12, 2022. Retrieved March 22, 2021.
  63. ↑ Levine, Sam (May 19, 2022). "He became a hero for halting Trump's efforts to overturn the election. Will voters now punish him?". The Guardian. Archived from the original on May 19, 2022. Retrieved May 19, 2022.
  64. ↑ Manchester, Julia (November 9, 2022). "Raffensperger, Georgia secretary of state who drew Trump's ire, wins reelection". The Hill. Archived from the original on November 10, 2022. Retrieved November 10, 2022.
  65. ↑ "General Primary and Nonpartisan General Election". Georgia Secretary of State. Archived from the original on January 5, 2021. Retrieved October 27, 2022.
  66. ↑ "General Primary and Nonpartisan General Election Runoff". Georgia Secretary of State. Archived from the original on January 5, 2021. Retrieved August 20, 2018.
  67. ↑ "November 6, 2018 General Election". GA - Election Night Reporting. Georgia Secretary of State. November 10, 2018. Archived from the original on January 5, 2021. Retrieved October 27, 2022.
  68. ↑ "December 4, 2018 General Election Runoff". GA - Election Night Reporting. Georgia Secretary of State. December 4, 2018. Archived from the original on January 5, 2021. Retrieved October 27, 2022.
  69. ↑ "General Primary/Special Election - Official & Complete Results". GEORGIA SECRETARY OF STATE. May 24, 2022. Archived from the original on June 20, 2022. Retrieved October 27, 2022.
  70. ↑ "QUALIFYING CANDIDATE INFORMATION". Georgia Secretary of State. Archived from the original on November 2, 2022. Retrieved October 27, 2022.
  71. ↑ "Secretary of State Brad Raffensperger". Office of the Georgia Secretary of State. Archived from the original on February 4, 2022. Retrieved September 25, 2021.
  72. ↑ Fowler, Stephen (December 30, 2020). "Fact Check: Brad Raffensperger's Brother Is Not A Chinese Tech Executive Named Ron". Georgia Public Broadcasting. Archived from the original on January 7, 2021. Retrieved January 4, 2021.
  73. ↑ Dent, Alec (December 31, 2020). "Is Brad Raffenspeger the Brother of a Huawei Executive?". The Dispatch. Archived from the original on September 22, 2022. Retrieved September 19, 2022.
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