Cabriolet with groom on footboard behind the covered seats
Rear view of design for cabriolet, 1875

A cabriolet (alternatively cabriole[1]: 32 ) is a light horse-drawn vehicle, with two wheels and a single horse. The carriage has a folding hood that can cover its two occupants, one of whom is the driver. It has a large rigid apron, upward-curving shafts, and usually a rear platform between the C springs for a groom. The design was developed in France in the eighteenth century and quickly replaced the heavier hackney carriage as the vehicle for hire of choice in Paris and London.[2]

Etymology

The word cabriolet is derived from the French version of the Italian capriolo meaning a young goat, due to the swaying motion of the vehicle at speed suggestive of the skipping and capering of a kid.[1]: 32 

The cab of taxi-cab or "hansom cab" is a shortening of cabriolet.[3][1]: 29 

One who drives a horse-drawn cab for hire is a cabdriver.[4]

History

London cabbie shown driving from seat outside the cover of a cabriole, 1823

Imported from France to England in the 1790s, the cabriolet was originally a two-seater driven by its owner, with a platform on the rear for a groom to stand on. The vehicle soon came of interest to the hire-trade. Londoners had wanted a faster alternative to the slow 4-wheeled hackney carriages, but the hackney proprietors had an exclusive license to carry passengers in the center of London. In 1805, the first 9 cabriolets were granted license to ply for hire but only outside of the main center of London and limited to two persons only—limiting the arrangement to a single passenger, with the driver uncomfortably sitting beside his fare. In 1823, 12 cabriolets were licensed and put into service with an awkward seat built off to one side for the driver—increasing the number of paying passengers to two.[2][5]: 9 [1]: 90 

Accidents were common because the drivers showed off their new-found speed and would occasionally collide with streetposts or other vehicles causing the passengers to be pitched forward into the road. There were several attempts to ban the cabriolet as a safety hazard to other users of the roads. The next two-wheel cab to come into popularity was the Hansom cab which had a lower center of gravity, thus a better safety record, and the driver was positioned behind the passengers. Hansoms gradually took over the hire-trade from the cabriolets.[2][5]: 9 

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 Smith, D.J.M. (1988). A Dictionary of Horse Drawn Vehicles. ISBN 0851314686. OL 11597864M.
  2. 1 2 3 Moore, Henry Charles (1902). "Part II—Cabs, Chapter II". Omnibuses and Cabs : Their Origin and History. Chapman & Hall. pp. 205–210. OL 6913211M.
  3. ↑ "At about ten o'clock in the evening I drove with Mr Eastlake, in a cab (the usual name given here to a cabriolet), to the British Institution..." (Gustav Waagen, Works of Art and Artists in England vol. I [1838], extract in Frank Herrmann, The English as Collectors 1972, p. 227).
  4. ↑ "Cabdriver. The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language: Fourth Edition. 2000". Archived from the original on 21 April 2005. Retrieved 7 January 2008.
  5. 1 2 Parry, David (1979). English Horse Drawn Vehicles. Frederick Warne & Co. ISBN 0723221723. OL 4485663M.
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