Coordination Council

Belarusian: Каардынацыйная рада

Russian: Координационный совет

Coat of arms or logo
Logo
Type
Type
History
Established14 August, 2020
Preceded byNational Assembly of Belarus (claimed)
Leadership
Key People
Seats55
Website
rada.vision

The Coordination Council for the Transfer of Power (CCTP, Belarusian: Каардынацыйная рада, romanized: Kaardynacyjnaja rada; Russian: Координационный совет, romanized: Koordinatsionnyy sovyet) is a non-governmental body created by presidential candidate Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya to facilitate a democratic transfer of power in Belarus. The Council, founded during the 2020 Belarusian protests in response to the disputed 2020 Belarusian presidential election, has 64 core members (as of 13 February 2021[1]) with a 7-member leadership presidium.

The first meeting of the Council took place on 18 August 2020.[2][3] From late August to mid-October, Tsikhanouskaya and several of the presidium members were arrested or chose to exile themselves from Belarus, fearing repression by Belarusian security forces.[4] In September 2020, Lithuania, where the council was based as of 2020, became the only sovereign state to recognize the CCTP as the sole legitimate government of Belarus.[5]

History

Creation

The formation of the Coordination Council was announced on 14 August 2020, in a video released by Tsikhanouskaya. In the video, she also claimed that she had received between 60 and 70% of the vote in the 9 August presidential election, more than enough for an outright victory over longtime president Alexander Lukashenko. She appealed to the international community to recognise her as the winner.[6] Tsikhanouskaya stated that the aims of the council is to coordinate a peaceful and orderly transfer of power from Lukashenko[7][8][9] and to hold a new, free and fair presidential election at the earliest opportunity.

On 17 August, Tsikhanouskaya released a video in which she stated that she was ready to lead a transitional government.[10]

On 18 August, the Council held its first press conference with questions being answered by Olga Kovalkova, Maxim Znak, Maria Kolesnikova, Pavel Latushko, and Sergey Dylevsky.[11]

On 19 August, the Council elected a 7-member Presidium.[12]

August–September 2020

On 19 August, Tsikhanouskaya recorded an appeal to EU leaders not to recognise the presidential election results in a meeting of EU heads of government scheduled for later that day.[13]

On 19 August, Alexander Lukashenko described the Coordination Council members, stating, "Some of them were once in or close to power. They were kicked out and hold a grudge. Others are outright Nazis. Just take a look at their names."[14][15] On the same day, former presidential contender Valery Tsepkalo said he did not understand the criteria for the new council's formation and its tasks. He complained that he was not invited.[16]

On 20 August, Prosecutor-General Alexander Konyuk initiated criminal proceedings against the Coordination Council members under Article 361 of the Belarusian Criminal Code.[17][18] In a statement released, Konyuk alleged that the "creation and activity of the Coordination Council are aimed at seizure of state power, and at harming national security" and that "the creation of such bodies is not allowed in law, and they are unconstitutional."[19] On the same day, presidium members Dylevsky and Znak were summoned for police questioning.[20] Znak and Dylevsky arrived for questioning on the morning of 21 August and were later released.[21]

On 21 August, Tsikhanouskaya's lawyer Znak filed a formal protest concerning the presidential election with the Supreme Court of Belarus. Znak said that "A complaint has been submitted. A decision on when to start proceedings is due within three days."[22] On 24 August, presidium members Dylevsky and Kovalkova were detained by OMON officers whilst attempting to support a wildcat strike at the Minsk Tractor Works factory.[23] Presidium members Vlasova, Latushko, Alexievich, and Kolesnikova were also summoned for questioning.[24] Both Kovalkova and Dylevsky were sentenced to 10 days' imprisonment the following day.[25]

On 26 August, Ivonka Survilla, President of the Rada of the Belarusian People's Republic, expressed her support for Tsikhanouskaya.[26]

On 31 August, presidium member Vlasova was detained by the OMON.[27]

On 5 September, presidium member Kovalkova chose to leave Belarus rather than remain in detention over the Section 361 charges.[28]

On 7 September, presidium member Kolesnikova was detained by unidentified masked men in Minsk.[29][30]

On 9 September 2020, the only member of the presidium not yet arrested or missing was Nobel Prize in Literature laureate Svetlana Alexievich.[31] However, there were reports from Belarusian journalists that unknown men were knocking at the doors of her home.[32] As of 9 August 2020, she was under round-the-clock guard by diplomats for several European countries, including ambassadors from Poland and Lithuania.[33][34][35]

At a press conference in Poland, council member Pavel Latushko condemned the situation in Belarus, claiming that 10,000 people were subject to misconduct and imprisonment orchestrated by the security forces. He stated that 450 people were tortured, and protesters were put into jail on fake charges. Latushko and Olga Kovalkova invited the OSCE and United Nations to send observers to Belarus to assess the situation.[36]

25 October ultimatum

On 16 October, Svetlana Tsikhanouskaya was put on the wanted lists in Belarus and Russia on charges of "attempting to overthrow the constitutional order".[37]

National Anti-crisis Management

In late October 2020, the Pavel Latushko, a presidium member, created National Anti-crisis Management (NAM), a shadow government, to manage the detailed administration tasks of a peaceful transfer of power leading to the inauguration of a newly elected president.[38][39] NAM published internal reports of the Belarusian Ministry of Internal Affairs, according to which 25,800 people had been detained between 9 August and 9 November 2020, and 4000 complaints of torture and other illegal actions had been lodged with the ministry and ignored.[40]

On 25 February 2023, Pavel Latushko announced he had left the Coordinating Council.[41]

Truth commission

In late November 2020, the Council published a draft document for debating the creation of a truth and reconciliation commission for the purposes of transitional justice. The commission, termed a "special agency", would "consider the use of physical force, special equipment and weapons against citizens in connection with political positions" or the violation or calls for the violation of citizens' rights by public officials.[42] The agency would only consider individual responsibility; membership of an organisation would not be grounds for prosecution. In cases in which no physical harm was involved, the accused would go through a conciliation procedure. Other cases would be prosecuted under administrative, "disciplinary," or criminal law. The showing of "effective remorse" or the lack of it would weaken or strengthen some of the financial and property penalties in the proposed legal definition of the agency's powers.[43]

Transitional government

On 9 August 2022, the Coordination Council announced the formation of the United Transitional Cabinet, a transitional government led by Tsikhanouskaya.[44][45]

"Extremist group" status

In January 2023, the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Belarus recognized the Coordination Council as an extremist organization. According to Belarusian legislation, members of extremist groups face imprisonment.[46][47] Earlier, in 2021—2022, Belarusian courts recognized the Council's internet resources as extremist materials.[48]

Objectives and structure

Objectives

The Council has stated that its primary goals are:[49]

  • To end the political persecution of citizens and for those responsible to be brought to justice.
  • For the release of all political prisoners in Belarus.
  • The annulment of the 9 August presidential election and for new elections to be conducted to international standards organised by a reconstituted central elections commission.

Council Presidium member Pavel Latushko stated that the Council does not want to radically change the course of Belarusian foreign policy, adding that it wants to maintain "friendly and profound" relations with Russia, as well as to have a good working relationship with the European Union and to act as a bridge between the east and west.[50]

Structure

Tsikhanouskaya stated that applications to the council were open to Belarusian citizens who recognised the officially declared election results to be falsified, and who were trusted by social groups. Applications were invited from individuals representing workers' groups, political parties, trade unions, and other organisations of civic society and from authoritative figures such as doctors, teachers, business leaders, authors, or sportspersons.[51] Olga Kovalkova and lawyer Maxim Znak were given responsibility for collating and approving membership applications.[52]

Presidium

Five Members of the presidium: Pavel Latushko, Maria Kalesnikava, Olga Kovalkova, Maxim Znak, and Sergei Dylevsky

The Council elected a 7-member presidium on 19 August 2020.[12] The members of the presidium are:[53][54]

Detentions and location

Name Detentions/disappearances Out of Belarus as of/since
Tsikhanouskaya Out 11 Aug 2020–[58]
Alexievich Out 28 Sep 2020–[59]
Dylevsky 24 Aug–17 Sep 2020[24][4] Out c. 13 Oct 2020–[4]
Kalesnikava 7 Sep 2020–[29][60]
Kovalkova 24 Aug–3 Sep 2020[24] Out as of 5 September 2020[28]
Latushko Out as of 9 September 2020[36]
Vlasova 31 Aug–24 Oct 2020[27][61]
Znak 9 Sep 2020–[62][63]

Members

An initial membership list, consisting of 35 members, was circulated on 17 August and expanded to 51 members on 18 August.[64][65] The council had 59 members in its core membership group on 29 August 2020,[66] increasing to 64 members as of 13 February 2021.[1] In addition to the 7-member presidium, other members, as of 13 February 2021, include athlete Nadzeya Astapchuk, film director Jury Chaščavacki, civic leader Ales Bialiatski, politician Jury Hubarewicz, physicist Alexander Dabravolski, politician Andrei Egorov, Mikalai Kazlov of the United Civic Party of Belarus, Andrei Kureichik, politician Vital Rymasheuski, painter Uladzimir Tsesler, former EPAM Systems top-manager Maksim Bahratsou, independent analyst Siarhei Chaly.[1][67] On 24 August 2020, the council included an "expanded" support list of 600 members.[68]

Working groups

As of 16 October 2020, the Coordination Council included working groups on several socio-political themes:[69]

Representatives

On 31 August 2021 the Coordination Council presented a structure update that implies the election of representatives in key areas of development.[71]

Representatives of the Coordination Council should act as a liaison between international partners and national actors in certain areas, help establish professional ties, prepare analytical notes on the situation in their field, promote topics among international structures, participate in expert discussions, jointly develop support plans for certain sectors.

Representatives are elected positions with a 6-month mandate. The candidates publicly present the program, which should be implemented in the next six months.

International relations

Tsikhanouskaya asked the international community to support the efforts of the Coordination Council.[72]

Organisations

  • Council of Europe Tsikhanouskaya was invited to 1st meeting of the Council of Europe Contact Group on Belarus on 8 November 2022, where Secretary-General Marija Pejčinović Burić stated that "The Council of Europe stands on principle with Belarus' democratic forces and civil society".[73][74][75]

States

Tsikhanouskaya with Prime Minister Sanna Marin in Helsinki in 2022
  • Lithuania Lithuanian President Gitanas Nausėda spoke with Tsikhanouskaya by telephone, offering his support for the coordination council.[112] The Prime Minister of Lithuania called on Belarus to conduct new, "free and fair" elections supervised by international monitors.[113] Lithuanian Foreign Minister Linas Linkevičius referred to Lukashenko as the "former president" of Belarus.[114] On 20 August, Lithuanian prime minister Saulius Skvernelis invited Sviatlana to his office and publicly referred to her as "the national leader of Belarus.[115] On 10 September 2020, a law was passed by the Lithuanian Parliament which recognises Tsikhanouskaya as the "elected leader of the people of Belarus" and the Coordination Council as the "only legitimate representatives of the Belarusian people". The resolution also declares that Lukashenko is an "illegitimate leader".[5]
  • Russia On 25 August, a spokesperson for Russian President Vladimir Putin welcomed that the leadership of the Coordination Council did not want to reduce ties with Russia and instead hoped to continue with good bilateral relationships between the two countries.[119] On March 9, 2021, Russian Ambassador to Belarus Dmitry Mezentsev said in an interview to the RBK TV channel that the Coordinating Council asked him for a personal meeting, but the diplomat refused. "These are people no one has ever elected, these are people who are not vested with the trust of millions of voters. These are people who have defined themselves as such. This is such one of the public associations, maybe the same as a society of book lovers, philatelists, numismatists, fans of this or that club. But then they should be engaged in the public field of club work, and not engaged in the overthrow of the government".[120]
  • United States The US Secretary of State in a statement urged the Belarusian government to actively engage Belarusian society, including through the newly established Coordination Council, in a way that reflects what the Belarusian people are demanding, for the sake of the future of Belarus, and for a successful Belarus.[121] The United States Government stated that "the people have clearly rejected the regime".[122]

Citizens' protest groups

On 1 November 2020, in the context of the October 2020 Polish protests, Polish citizens led by All-Poland Women's Strike created a Consultative Council that they said was inspired by the Belarusian Coordination Council.[123]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 "The core membership of the Coordination Council". Coordination Council. 13 February 2021. Archived from the original on 13 February 2021. Retrieved 13 February 2021.
  2. ↑ "В организованном Тихановской координационном совете по передаче власти назвали дату первой встречи". канал Дождь. 17 August 2020.
  3. ↑ "Ex-Belarusian presidential candidate Tikhanovskaya's HQ starts forming coordination council to ensure transition of power". Interfax-Ukraine. Retrieved 16 August 2020.
  4. 1 2 3 Dapkus, Liudas (13 October 2020). "Belarus opposition leader threatens nationwide strike". Associated Press. Archived from the original on 14 October 2020. Retrieved 15 October 2020.
  5. 1 2 "Dėl neteisėtos ir Baltarusijai Rusijos primetamos sąjungos". Lietuvos Respublikos Seimas (in Lithuanian). 9 September 2020. Archived from the original on 5 February 2022. Retrieved 10 September 2020.
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  8. ↑ polishnews (15 August 2020). "Belarus. Swiatłana Cichanouska creates the Coordination Council for the "transfer of power" in the country". Polish News. Archived from the original on 30 August 2020. Retrieved 16 August 2020.
  9. ↑ admin. "Belarus: opposition candidate forms Coordination Council for transfer of power | MbS News". Archived from the original on 30 August 2020. Retrieved 16 August 2020.
  10. ↑ "NEXTA Live Translated to English". Telegram.
  11. ↑ "Создание Координационного Совета: итоги пресс-конференции". rada.vision. 18 August 2020.
  12. 1 2 "Структура Координационного Совета". rada.vision.
  13. ↑ Belarus opposition leader calls on EU not to recognise 'fraudulent' elections. Guardian News. 19 August 2020. Archived from the original on 23 August 2020. Retrieved 10 February 2023 – via YouTube.
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  15. ↑ Kuznetsova, Asya (18 August 2020). "Лукашенко назвал создание Координационного совета попыткой переворота". Komsomolskaya Pravda. Retrieved 19 August 2020.
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  24. 1 2 3 Свабода, Радыё (24 August 2020). "Сьвятлану Алексіевіч выклікалі ў Сьледчы камітэт у справе аб закліках да "захопу ўлады"". Радыё Свабода.
  25. ↑ Makhovsky, Andrei (25 August 2020) Belarus jails two opposition leaders; teachers head rally of thousands. Reuters
  26. ↑ "'Keep on Fighting', veteran female leader tells young Belarusians". Reuters. 26 August 2020.
  27. 1 2 "КГК задержал члена президиума Координационного совета Лилию Власову" (in Russian). 31 August 2020. Archived from the original on 22 September 2020. Retrieved 31 August 2020.
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  36. 1 2 "Exiled Belarusian Opposition Leaders Find New Home in Poland". 9 September 2020.
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  46. ↑ puts several Tikhanovskaya organizations on its list of extremist groups
  47. ↑ "Сотрудников Офиса Тихановской записали в экстремисты". Voice of America (in Russian). 27 January 2023. Retrieved 22 March 2023.
  48. ↑ Республиканский список экстремистских материалов
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  68. ↑ "Do Rady Koordynacyjnej białoruskiej opozycji weszło już 600 osób" [600 people have already been included in the Belarusian opposition Coordination Council]. TVN (in Polish). Polish Press Agency. 24 August 2020. Retrieved 27 August 2020.
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  70. 1 2 "Рабочие группы" [Working groups]. Coordination Council (in Russian). 2 November 2020. Archived from the original on 2 November 2020. Retrieved 2 November 2020.
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  87. ↑ "«A free Belarus will be the strongest protection against Putin». Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya's speech at the OSCE Parliamentary Assembly in Vienna, 2023 / Official web-site of Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya".
  88. ↑ "One year in: OSCE parliamentarians debate Russia's continued full-scale war on Ukraine, Bureau issues joint statement".
  89. ↑ "Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya - Munich Security Conference".
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  91. ↑ "Exiled Belarusian Opposition Leader Tsikhanouskaya to Attend UNGA in Person". 5 September 2022.
  92. ↑ Balmforth, Tom; Irish, John (17 January 2023). "Belarus puts exiled opposition leader on trial on treason charges". Reuters.
  93. ↑ Tsikhanouskaya, Sviatlana [@Tsihanouskaya] (15 January 2023). "Tomorrow, I am heading to Davos to take part in the @wef's Annual Meeting 2023. I am especially excited to join the Belarusian side event on Thursday on the situation for businesses in Belarus today. To follow the upcoming sessions, please use: https://t.co/2ndDKom6Zy #WEF23 https://t.co/eUSid11wCv" (Tweet). Archived from the original on 17 January 2023. Retrieved 10 February 2023 – via Twitter.
  94. ↑ "World Economic Forum – Annual Meeting 2023" (PDF). weforum.org. 10 January 2023. Retrieved 4 April 2023.
  95. ↑ Varadkar, Leo [@LeoVaradkar] (19 January 2023). "Real pleasure to meet Belarusian Opposition Leader Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya, flying the flag of democracy against a dictator, and fighting to protect her country's culture and language. Look forward to welcoming her back to Ireland https://t.co/mnriHlmGjI" (Tweet). Retrieved 10 February 2023 – via Twitter.
  96. ↑ Tsikhanouskaya, Sviatlana [@Tsihanouskaya] (19 January 2023). "In my meeting with the President of the 🇨🇭 National Council @martin_candinas, I invited #Switzerland to support our demand for the unconditional release of all political prisoners in Belarus. We also discussed creating a parliament group of Friends of Free Belarus. @WEF #WEF23 https://t.co/3ypPA5rezH" (Tweet). Archived from the original on 21 January 2023. Retrieved 10 February 2023 – via Twitter.
  97. ↑ Tsikhanouskaya, Sviatlana [@Tsihanouskaya] (19 January 2023). "In my warm meeting with @alexanderdecroo, PM of #Belgium🇧🇪, I thanked for help to open our new Mission in #Brussels. We also discussed possible moves to counter Lukashenka's attempts to deprive his opponents of citizenship & further assistance for our civil society. @WEF #WEF2023 https://t.co/IeRNLL5kFR" (Tweet). Retrieved 10 February 2023 – via Twitter.
  98. ↑ Tsikhanouskaya, Sviatlana [@Tsihanouskaya] (18 January 2023). "I admire @sandumaiamd & her efforts to make #Moldova🇲🇩 a prosperous European country. I thanked her for launching the parliament group for Democratic Belarus. We will stand together to counter the threat posed by the Russian revanchist regime to both our countries. @WEF #WEF2023 https://t.co/1wJ3yqSa6C" (Tweet). Archived from the original on 2 February 2023. Retrieved 10 February 2023 – via Twitter.
  99. ↑ Tsikhanouskaya, Sviatlana [@Tsihanouskaya] (18 January 2023). "I was glad to meet my friend @Xavier_Bettel, PM of #Luxembourg🇱🇺 & H.R.H. Crown Prince Guillaume at @WEF. Since the protests started in 2020, Luxembourg has been vocal about the regime's repression in Belarus & spoken loudly to support us at every international event. #WEF2023 https://t.co/WHt8JbP8PR" (Tweet). Retrieved 10 February 2023 – via Twitter.
  100. ↑ Tsikhanouskaya, Sviatlana [@Tsihanouskaya] (18 January 2023). "Important discussion with 🇪🇸 PM @sanchezcastejon about 🇪🇺 strategy on Belarus at @wef. He is not only a close ally of Belarus but also a true friend. We must insist on Russian troop removal & start of democratic transition. Pedro, me siento honrado por tu apoyo y amistad. #WEF23 https://t.co/fWN6nvwXuU" (Tweet). Archived from the original on 21 January 2023. Retrieved 10 February 2023 – via Twitter.
  101. ↑ Sinkevičius, Virginijus [@VSinkevicius] (19 January 2023). "#WEF2023 is the place to meet frontrunners, innovators & reformers. Glad to hear news from Eastern Europe, @Tsihanouskaya and @sandumaiamd. Their priorities are extremely important for the years to come, and we will surely continue supporting their future. https://t.co/UJntJC28rx" (Tweet). Retrieved 10 February 2023 – via Twitter.
  102. ↑ Tsikhanouskaya, Sviatlana [@Tsihanouskaya] (18 January 2023). "I thanked @ilo Director General @GilbertFHoungbo for supporting our repressed unionists & for ILO's brave decision to use Article 33 toward the regime. Today, almost all heads of independent trade unions are jailed. Worker repression must stop & all must be released. @wef #WEF23 https://t.co/ZYvCVjFHrt" (Tweet). Retrieved 10 February 2023 – via Twitter.
  103. ↑ Tsikhanouskaya, Sviatlana [@Tsihanouskaya] (20 January 2023). "In my meeting with @EIB President @wernerhoyer at @wef, we discussed the much-needed reforms for future Belarus. I asked the EIB to come back to Minsk as soon as the political crisis is solved. There is much work to be done to revive the economy & we can't waste any time.#wef2023 https://t.co/SuhGGmpVYp" (Tweet). Retrieved 10 February 2023 – via Twitter.
  104. ↑ Tsikhanouskaya, Sviatlana [@Tsihanouskaya] (20 January 2023). "I was glad to meet @EBRD President @OdileRenaud at @wef to discuss cooperation. EBRD stopped projects in Belarus after Lukashenka unleashed terror against his citizens. But it did not stop helping Belarusians. Excited to welcome the Bank back after democratic changes. #wef2023 https://t.co/9jvoUOAojW" (Tweet). Retrieved 10 February 2023 – via Twitter.
  105. ↑ "Prime Minister Justin Trudeau meets with Belarusian Opposition Leader Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya". 23 November 2022.
  106. ↑ Kallaste, Kristjan; Wright, Helen (18 August 2020). "Estonian government does not recognize Belarus election results". ERR News. Retrieved 31 October 2022.
  107. ↑ Wright, Helen (24 October 2022). "Estonia to appoint ambassador to cooperate with Belarusian opposition". ERR News. Retrieved 31 October 2022.
  108. ↑ "Estonian formin: Stronger pressure must be put on Lukashenko regime".
  109. ↑ Tsikhanouskaya, Sviatlana [@Tsihanouskaya] (27 January 2023). "I had the chance to thank PM @AndrejPlenkovic on behalf of the Belarusian diaspora yesterday – 🇭🇷 has made it easy for them to integrate. We discussed the need for a consistent & coordinated strategy on Belarus, punishing the regime & helping the people fighting for freedom. https://t.co/JlzbIfSfaQ" (Tweet). Retrieved 10 February 2023 – via Twitter.
  110. ↑ Tsikhanouskaya, Sviatlana [@Tsihanouskaya] (26 January 2023). "During our meeting this morning, I thanked 🇭🇷FM @grlicradman for supporting Belarusians in the @UN & @OSCE. We are united by the experience of fighting against dictatorship for our freedom & identity. Now we will work to increase cooperation & bring our nations closer together. https://t.co/UkNdXOjfaE" (Tweet). Archived from the original on 28 January 2023. Retrieved 10 February 2023 – via Twitter.
  111. ↑ "Thursday's papers: MoD spending boom, Belarusian dissident in Helsinki, and soft retirement". 15 December 2022.
  112. ↑ "Lithuanian president supports Belarus opposition plan for power transition council | Politics". Devdiscourse. Retrieved 16 August 2020.
  113. ↑ "Baltic States Urge New Election In Belarus, Call For EU Sanctions". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. 15 August 2020.
  114. ↑ Linkevicius, Linas [@LinkeviciusL] (15 August 2020). "Former president of #Belarus now asks Putin for help. Against whom? Against own people carrying flowers on the streets? It is really big foreign conspiracy to live in parallel world being ready to sacrifice everything" (Tweet). Archived from the original on 27 April 2022. Retrieved 10 February 2023 – via Twitter.
  115. ↑ "Saulius Skvernelis". www.facebook.com.
  116. ↑ Morawiecki, Mateusz [@MorawieckiM] (27 August 2020). "I call on the BY authorities to release the illegally detained and interrogated opposition activists. A dialogue must be a norm. The Coordinating Council is today the right partner to talk to the authorities in Minsk" (Tweet). Archived from the original on 1 February 2022. Retrieved 10 February 2023 – via Twitter.
  117. ↑ "Another meeting between Minister Mariusz Kamiński and Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya". gov.pl. 3 October 2022. Retrieved 25 August 2023.
  118. ↑ "We want to share border with free, independent Belarus: President Duda".
  119. ↑ Песков оценил заявление белорусской оппозиции о сотрудничестве с Россией :: Политика :: РБК. Rbc.ru (22 December 2016). Retrieved on 2020-08-26.
  120. ↑ "Посол России объяснил отказ от разговора с противниками Лукашенко". 9 March 2021.
  121. ↑ "Supporting the Aspirations of the Belarusian People". US Department of State. 20 August 2020.
  122. ↑ "В США заявили, что обсуждают с Европой "адресные санкции" в отношении Белоруссии". ТАСС.
  123. ↑ Karwowska, Anita; Paś, Waldemar (27 October 2020). "Dymisja rządu i Julii Przyłębskiej. Czego jeszcze żąda Ogólnopolski Strajk Kobiet? Co się wydarzy w środę 28 października?" [Government and Julia Przyłębska to resign. What else does All-Poland Women's Strike want? What will happen on Wednesday 28 October?]. Gazeta Wyborcza (in Polish). Archived from the original on 1 November 2020. Retrieved 1 November 2020.

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