Population density of Saskatchewan, 2016

Saskatchewan is the middle province of Canada's three Prairie provinces. It has an area of 651,900 km² (251,700 mi²) and a population of 1,132,505 (Saskatchewanians) as of 2021. Saskatchewan's population is made of 50.3% women and 49.7% men.[1] Most of its population lives in the Southern half of the province.

The most populous city is Saskatoon, with a population of 317,480 (2021) in the Census Metropolitan Area (CMA), followed by the province's capital, Regina, with a population of 249,217 (2021) in the CMA. The province's population makeup is also notable for German Canadians being the largest European ethnic group and for the second-largest proportion of people of indigenous descent of any of the provinces, after Manitoba.

Population history

Year Population Five-year
% change		 Ten-year
% change		 Rank among
provinces
190191,279†n/an/a8
1911492,432n/a439.53
1921757,510n/a53.83
1931921,785n/a21.73
1941895,992n/a−2.83
1951831,728n/a−7.25
1956880,6655.9n/a5
1961925,1815.111.25
1966955,3443.38.56
1971926,242−3.00.16
1976921,325−0.53.66
1981968,3135.14.56
19861,009,6134.39.66
1991988,928−2.02.16
1996976,615−1.2−3.36
2001978,9330.2−1.06
2006985,3860.70.96
20111,053,9607.07.66
20161,098,3526.311.46
20211,132,5053.57.56

† 1901 population for District of Saskatchewan and District of Athabasca, parts of the then-named North-West Territories.

Source: Statistics Canada.[2][3]

Ethnic origins

Ethnic groups in Saskatchewan (1941–2021)
Ethnic group 2021[4] 2001[5] 1941[6]: 2–3 
Pop. % Pop. % Pop. %
German 272,475 24.7% 275,060 28.56% 130,258 14.54%
English 219,660 19.91% 235,715 24.47% 186,053 20.77%
Scottish 175,590 15.92% 172,300 17.89% 108,919 12.16%
Irish 145,415 13.18% 139,205 14.45% 95,852 10.7%
Ukrainian 138,705 12.57% 121,735 12.64% 79,777 8.9%
First Nations 129,225 11.71% 102,285 10.62% 13,384 1.49%
French 108,505 9.84% 109,800 11.4% 50,530 5.64%
Norwegian 70,215 6.36% 60,510 6.28% 38,213 4.26%
Métis 56,060 5.08% 40,110 4.16% 9,160 1.02%
Polish 55,600 5.04% 51,445 5.34% 27,902 3.11%
Filipino 40,160 3.64% 3,275 0.34% — —
Russian 35,920 3.26% 27,695 2.88% 25,933 2.89%
Swedish 31,960 2.9% 29,900 3.1% 20,961 2.34%
Dutch 29,410 2.67% 32,300 3.35% 35,894 4.01%
Hungarian 28,495 2.58% 24,340 2.53% 14,576 1.63%
Indian 20,755 1.88% 3,245 0.34% 2 0%
Chinese 19,965 1.81% 9,275 0.96% 2,545 0.28%
Austrian 17,690 1.6% 14,450 1.5% 10,655 1.19%
Welsh 17,605 1.6% 13,935 1.45% 6,950 0.78%
Romanian 12,415 1.13% 10,290 1.07% 7,093 0.79%
Italian 10,830 0.98% 7,565 0.79% 1,014 0.11%
Danish 10,585 0.96% 9,375 0.97% 6,027 0.67%
Total responses 1,103,200 97.41% 963,150 98.39% 895,992 100%
Total population 1,132,505 100% 978,933 100% 895,992 100%
Note: Totals greater than 100% due to multiple origin responses

Future projections

Panethnic origin projections in Saskatchewan (2031–2041)[7][8][9][10]
Panethnic group 2031 2036 2041
Pop. % Pop. % Pop. %
European[lower-alpha 1] 768,000 58.31% 751,000 54.46% 733,000 51.04%
Indigenous 246,000 18.68% 263,000 19.07% 279,000 19.43%
South Asian 94,000 7.14% 114,000 8.27% 133,000 9.26%
Southeast Asian[lower-alpha 2] 82,000 6.23% 99,000 7.18% 118,000 8.22%
East Asian[lower-alpha 3] 45,000 3.42% 51,000 3.7% 56,000 3.9%
African 45,000 3.42% 54,000 3.92% 64,000 4.46%
Middle Eastern[lower-alpha 4] 19,000 1.44% 23,000 1.67% 27,000 1.88%
Latin American 9,000 0.68% 11,000 0.8% 13,000 0.91%
Other/multiracial[lower-alpha 5] 10,000 0.76% 12,000 0.87% 14,000 0.97%
Projected Saskatchewan population 1,317,000 100% 1,379,000 100% 1,436,000 100%

Visible minorities and Indigenous peoples

Indigenous and visible minority identity (2021):[11]

  European Canadian (68.5%)
  Visible minority (14.4%)
  First Nations (11.0%)
  Métis (5.7%)
  Other Indigenous (0.3%)
Visible minority and Indigenous population (Canada 2021 Census)[12]
Population groupPopulation %
European[lower-alpha 1]755,95068.5%
Visible minority group
South Asian44,7204.1%
Chinese18,0101.6%
Black22,5702.0%
Filipino43,7554.0%
Arab5,5750.5%
Latin American5,6800.5%
Southeast Asian8,5400.8%
West Asian2,8300.3%
Korean1,8500.2%
Japanese8300.1%
Visible minority, n.i.e.1,2750.1%
Multiple visible minorities3,7250.3%
Total visible minority population159,36514.4%
Indigenous group
First Nations (North American Indian)121,17511.0%
Métis62,8005.7%
Inuk (Inuit)4600.0%
Multiple Indigenous responses2,0300.2%
Indigenous responses n.i.e.1,4250.1%
Total Indigenous population187,88517.0%
Total population1,103,200100.0%

Languages

Knowledge of languages

Knowledge of official languages of Canada in Saskatchewan (2016)
Language Percent
English only
 
 94.48%
French only
 
 0.05%
English and French
 
 4.74%
Neither English nor French
 
 0.73%

The question on knowledge of languages allows for multiple responses. The following figures are from the 2021 Canadian Census and the 2016 Canadian Census, and lists languages that were selected by at least one per cent of respondents.

Knowledge of languages in Saskatchewan
Language 2021[13] 2016
Pop. % Pop. %
English 1,094,785 99.24% 1,062,275 99.23%
French 52,065 4.72% 51,325 4.79%
Tagalog 36,125 3.27% 28,655 2.68%
Cree[note 1] 24,850 2.25% 21,870 2.04%
Hindi 15,745 1.43% N/A <1%
Punjabi 13,310 1.21% N/A <1%
German 11,815 1.07% 17,390 1.62%
Mandarin 11,590 1.05% N/A <1%
Spanish 11,185 1.01% N/A <1%
Ukrainian 10,795 0.98% 13,090 1.22%
Urdu 10,540 0.96% N/A <1%

Mother tongue

Languages of Saskatchewan (2016):[14]

  English (82.4%)
  French (1.4%)
  Other language (14.5%)
  Multiple (1.7%)

The 2006 census showed a population of 968,157. Of the 946,250 singular responses to the census question concerning mother tongue the languages most commonly reported were:

Mother tongue in Saskatchewan
Language 2006 2001 1931[15]: 1176–1187 
Pop. % Pop. % Pop. %
English 811,275 85.7% 817,955 85.8% 516,342 56.02%
German 28,555 3.0% 32,515 3.4% 138,499 15.03%
Algonquian languages 26,525 2.8% 23,735 2.5% — —
Cree 24,255 2.6% 22,055 2.1% — —
Ojibway 1,745 0.2% 1,375 0.1% — —
Ukrainian 16,350 1.7% 19,650 2.1% 70,545 7.65%
French 16,060 1.7% 17,775 1.9% 42,283 4.59%
Chinese 7,475 0.8% 6,015 0.6% 2,500 0.27%
Cantonese 1,720 0.2% 1,425 0.2% — —
Mandarin 715 0.1% 395 <0.1% — —
Athapaskan languages 7,145 0.8% 6,315 0.7% — —
Dene 7,135 0.8% 6,310 0.7% — —
Polish 2,510 0.4% 3,015 0.3% 18,742 2.03%
Hungarian 2,190 0.2% 2,700 0.3% 11,853 1.29%
Tagalog (Filipino/Pilipino) 2,170 0.2% 1,545 0.2% — —
Dutch 1,785 0.2% 1,930 0.20% 10,079 1.09%
Scandinavian languages 1,690 0.2% 2,320 0.2% 50,634 5.49%
Norwegian 830 0.1% 1,260 0.1% 27,996 3.04%
Danish 420 <0.1% 430 0.1% 3,882 0.42%
Swedish 355 <0.1% 525 0.1% 15,556 1.69%
Arabic 1,525 0.12% 1,090 0.11% 571 0.06%
Russian 1,400 0.2% 1,440 0.2% 17,085 1.85%
Vietnamese 1,305 0.1% 1,390 0.2% — —
Serbo-Croatian languages 1,250 0.1% 1,235 0.1% 956 0.1%
Croatian 450 0.1% 435 0.1% — —
Bosnian 335 <0.1% N N — —
Serbian 270 <0.1% 210 <0.1% — —
Serbo-Croatian 195 <0.1% 590 0.1% — —
Greek 1,060 0.1% 980 0.1% 370 0.04%
Panjabi (Punjabi) 850 0.1% 540 0.1% 7 0%
Persian 785 0.1% 415 <0.1% — —
Romanian 770 0.1% 775 0.1% 6,170 0.67%
Italian 735 0.1% 895 0.1% 692 0.08%
Korean 675 0.1% 425 <0.1% — —
Germanic languages n.i.e. 605 0.1% 375 <0.1% 8,619[lower-alpha 6] 0.94%
Siouan languages (Dakota/Sioux) 410 <0.1% 345 <0.1% — —
African languages n.i.e. 405 <0.1% 130 0.01% — —
Portuguese 380 <0.1% 405 <0.1% — —
Finnish 365 <0.1% 435 <0.1% 1,861 0.2%
Hindi 355 <0.1% 320 <0.1% — —
Lao 340 <0.1% 275 0.03% — —
Urdu 330 <0.1% 425 <0.1% — —
Bantu languages 325 <0.1% 170 <0.1% — —
Swahili 105 <0.1% 110 <0.1% — —
Czech 325 <0.1% 415 <0.1% 1,156 0.13%
Berber 310 <0.1% 185 <0.1% — —
Japanese 290 <0.1% 185 <0.1% 1,070 0.12%
Niger–Congo languages n.i.e. 285 <0.1% 100 <0.1% — —
Tigrigna 215 <0.1% 190 <0.1% — —
Gujarati 210 <0.1% 225 0.02% — —
Slovak 210 <0.1% 100 <0.1% 1,156 0.13%
Somali 210 <0.1% 35 <0.1% — —
Bengali 190 <0.1% 70 <0.1% — —

Note: "n.i.e.": not included elsewhere

There were also 175 single-language responses for Non-verbal languages (Sign languages); 170 for Amharic; 155 for Turkish; 140 for Sinhala; 135 for Slavic languages n.i.e.; 130 for Slovenian; 120 for Pashto; 115 for Malay; 115 for Malayalam; 115 for Thai; 110 for Ilocano; 110 for Khmer; 100 for Celtic languages; and 100 for Sino-Tibetan languages n.i.e. In addition there were also 6,080 responses of both English and a non-official language; 245 of both French and a non-official language; 1,130 of both English and French; and 140 of English, French and a non-official language. Figures shown are for the number of single language responses and the percentage of total single-language responses.[16]

Religion

Religious groups in Saskatchewan (1981–2021)
Religious group 2021[17] 2011[18] 2001[19] 1991[20] 1981[21]
Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. %
Christianity 621,250 56.31% 726,920 72.06% 795,935 82.64% 858,120 87.92% 889,820 93.03%
Irreligion 403,960 36.62% 246,305 24.42% 151,450 15.72% 107,225 10.99% 60,255 6.3%
Islam 25,455 2.31% 10,040 1% 2,230 0.23% 1,185 0.12% 1,120 0.12%
Indigenous spirituality 16,300 1.48% 12,240 1.21% — — — — — —
Hinduism 14,150 1.28% 3,570 0.35% 1,590 0.17% 1,680 0.17% 1,150 0.12%
Sikhism 9,040 0.82% 1,650 0.16% 500 0.05% 565 0.06% 220 0.02%
Buddhism 4,410 0.4% 4,265 0.42% 3,055 0.32% 1,885 0.19% 985 0.1%
Judaism 1,105 0.1% 940 0.09% 865 0.09% 1,370 0.14% 1,585 0.17%
Other 7,540 0.68% 2,810 0.28% 7,525 0.78% 4,000 0.41% 1,065 0.11%
Total responses 1,103,205 97.41% 1,008,760 95.71% 963,150 98.39% 976,040 98.7% 956,440 98.77%
Total population 1,132,505 100% 1,053,960 100% 978,933 100% 988,928 100% 968,313 100%

Migration

Immigration

Saskatchewan Immigration Statistics[22]: 239 [23]: 108 
Year Immigrant percentage Immigrant population Total population
1901 39.7% 36,195 91,279
1911 49.5% 243,681 492,432
1921 39.6% 299,677 757,510
1931 34.6% 318,545 921,785
1941 26.7% 238,903 895,992
1951 21.1% 175,829 831,728
1961 16.1% 149,389 925,181
1971 12% 110,690 926,240

The 2021 census reported that immigrants (individuals born outside Canada) comprise 137,615 persons or 12.5 percent of the total population of Saskatchewan.[24]

Immigrants in Saskatchewan by country of birth
Country of birth 2021[25][24] 2016[26] 2011[27][28] 2006[29][30] 2001[31][32]
Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. %
Philippines 35,955 26.1% 26,865 23.9% 12,775 18.6% 2,455 5.1% 2,065 4.3%
India 15,660 11.4% 9,630 8.6% 3,080 4.5% 1,685 3.5% 1,100 2.3%
China 8,650 6.3% 7,485 6.7% 4,625 6.7% 3,405 7.1% 2,730 5.7%
Pakistan 7,110 5.2% 6,860 6.1% 3,115 4.5% 330 0.7% 385 0.8%
United Kingdom 6,785 4.9% 7,020 6.2% 7,370 10.7% 7,685 16% 8,450 17.7%
United States of America 5,215 3.8% 4,845 4.3% 5,020 7.3% 5,425 11.3% 5,865 12.3%
Nigeria 5,030 3.7% 1,695 1.5% 535 0.8% 235 0.5% 95 0.2%
Vietnam 3,245 2.4% 2,620 2.3% 1,770 2.6% 1,295 2.7% 1,465 3.1%
Bangladesh 3,230 2.3% 2,575 2.3% 840 1.2% 60 0.1% 65 0.1%
Ukraine 3,170 2.3% 3,280 2.9% 1,715 2.5% 1,055 2.2% 1,395 2.9%
Total immigrants 137,615 12.5% 112,490 10.5% 68,780 6.8% 48,160 5% 47,825 5%
Total responses 1,103,205 97.4% 1,070,560 97.5% 1,008,760 95.7% 953,850 96.8% 963,150 98.4%
Total population 1,132,505 100% 1,098,352 100% 1,053,960 100% 985,386 100% 978,933 100%

Recent immigration

The 2021 Canadian census counted a total of 43,120 people who immigrated to Saskatchewan between 2016 and 2021.[24]

Recent immigrants to Saskatchewan by country of birth (2016 to 2021)[24]
Country of birth Population % recent immigrants
Philippines 10,460 24.3%
India 7,940 18.4%
China 3,685 8.5%
Nigeria 3,305 7.7%
Pakistan 1,685 3.9%
Syria 1,240 2.9%
Bangladesh 1,225 2.8%
United States of America 990 2.3%
Vietnam 865 2%
South Africa 775 1.8%
Total 43,120 100%

Interprovincial migration

Net cumulative interprovincial migration per Province from 1997 to 2017, as a share of population of each Provinces

Interprovincial migration has long been a demographic challenge for Saskatchewan, and it was often said that "Saskatchewan's most valuable export [was] its young people".[33] The trend reversed in 2006 as the nascent oil fracking industry started growing in the province, but returned to negative net migration starting in 2013. Most people migrating from Saskatchewan move west to Alberta or British Columbia.[34]

Interprovincial migration in Saskatchewan
In-migrants Out-migrants Net migration
2008–09 18,127 15,144 2,983
2009–10 17,237 15,084 2,153
2010–11 16,602 16,057 545
2011–12 19,386 17,508 1,878
2012–13 16,982 16,590 392
2013–14 16,371 18,210 −1,839
2014–15 15,346 19,874 −4,528
2015–16 15,260 19,532 −4,272
2016–17 13,130 18,890 −5,760
2017–18 11,637 20,112 −8,475
2018–19 11,637 23,607 −9,688

Source: Statistics Canada

See also

Demographics of Canada's provinces and territories

Notes

  1. 1 2 Statistic includes all persons that did not make up part of a visible minority or an Indigenous identity.
  2. ↑ Statistic includes total responses of "Filipino" and "Southeast Asian" under visible minority section on census.
  3. ↑ Statistic includes total responses of "Chinese", "Korean", and "Japanese" under visible minority section on census.
  4. ↑ Statistic includes total responses of "West Asian" and "Arab" under visible minority section on census.
  5. ↑ Statistic includes total responses of "Visible minority, n.i.e." and "Multiple visible minorities" under visible minority section on census.
  6. ↑ Including Flemish (2,029), Austrian not otherwise specified (1,510), and Yiddish (5,011)
  1. ↑ Includes Cree-Montagnais languages not otherwise specified

References

  1. ↑ "Demographics in Saskatchewan".
  2. ↑ The history of Saskatchewan's population from Statistics Canada
  3. ↑ Canada's population Archived November 4, 2008, at the Wayback Machine. Statistics Canada. Last accessed September 28, 2006.
  4. ↑ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2022-10-26). "Ethnic or cultural origin by gender and age: Canada, provinces and territories, census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations with parts". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2023-12-04.
  5. ↑ Ethnic origins Archived 2007-03-13 at the Wayback Machine from Statistics Canada
  6. ↑ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2013-04-03). "Eighth census of Canada,1941 = Huitième recensement du Canada Vol. 4. Cross-classifications, interprovincial migration, blind and deaf-mutes". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2023-12-05.
  7. ↑ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (8 September 2022). "Canada in 2041: A larger, more diverse population with greater differences between regions". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 19 November 2023.
  8. ↑ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (8 September 2022). "Projected population by racialized group, generation status and other selected characteristics (x 1,000)". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 19 November 2023.
  9. ↑ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (6 October 2021). "Projections of the Indigenous populations and households in Canada, 2016 to 2041". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 19 November 2023.
  10. ↑ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (6 October 2021). "Projected population by Indigenous identity, age group, sex, area of residence, provinces and territories, and projection scenario, Canada (x 1,000)". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 19 November 2023.
  11. ↑ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2022-10-26). "Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2023-07-04.
  12. ↑ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2022-10-26). "Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2023-07-04.
  13. ↑ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2022-08-17). "Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population Profile table Saskatchewan [Province]". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2022-08-17.
  14. ↑ "Language Highlight Tables". 2016 Census. Statistics Canada. 2019. Retrieved July 16, 2019.
  15. ↑ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2013-04-03). "Seventh census of Canada, 1931 v. 4. Cross-classification". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2023-07-08.
  16. ↑ Detailed Mother Tongue (186), Knowledge of Official Languages (5), Age Groups (17A) and Sex (3) (2006 Census)
  17. ↑ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2022-10-26). "Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2023-04-14.
  18. ↑ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2015-11-27). "NHS Profile". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2023-04-14.
  19. ↑ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2019-07-02). "2001 Community Profiles". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2023-04-14.
  20. ↑ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2019-03-29). "Data tables, 1991 Census R9101 – Population by Religion (29), Showing Age Groups (13) Education (20% Data) – Canada, provinces and territories, census divisions and census subdivisions". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2023-04-14.
  21. ↑ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2013-04-03). "1981 Census of Canada 20 per cent data base : highlight information on ethnicity, place of birth, citizenship, income, language, immigration, religion, shelter costs". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2023-04-14.
  22. ↑ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2013-04-03). "Sixth census of Canada,1921 . Vol. II: Ages, conjugal condition, birthplace, birthplace of parents, year of immigration and naturalization, language spoken, literacy, school attendance, blindness and deaf-mutism". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2023-01-10.
  23. ↑ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (4 September 2022). "1971 Census of Canada : population : vol. I – part 3 = Recensement du Canada 1971 : population : vol. I – partie 3. Birthplace. TABLE 42. Population Bom Outside Canada, Showing Numerical and Percentage Distribution, for Canada and Provinces, 1921–1971". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2023-01-10.
  24. 1 2 3 4 Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2022-10-26). "Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2022-12-04.
  25. ↑ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2023-06-21). "Place of birth and period of immigration by gender and age: Province or territory". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2023-10-15.
  26. ↑ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2019-06-17). "Data tables, 2016 Census Immigrant Status and Period of Immigration (11), Place of Birth (272), Age (7A) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, 2016 Census – 25% Sample Data". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2023-03-04.
  27. ↑ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2019-01-23). "2011 National Household Survey: Data tables Profile – Immigration and Ethnocultural Diversity, and Aboriginal Peoples for Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, National Household Survey, 2011". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2023-03-04.
  28. ↑ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2019-01-23). "2011 National Household Survey: Data tables Citizenship (5), Place of Birth (236), Immigrant Status and Period of Immigration (11), Age Groups (10) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2011 National Household Survey". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2023-11-11.
  29. ↑ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2009-03-23). "Place of birth for the immigrant population by period of immigration, 2006 counts and percentage distribution, for Canada, provinces and territories – 20% sample data". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2023-03-04.
  30. ↑ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2020-05-01). "2006 Census Topic-based tabulations Immigrant Status and Period of Immigration (8) and Place of Birth (261) for the Immigrants and Non-permanent Residents of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2006 Census – 20% Sample Data". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2023-03-04.
  31. ↑ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2013-12-23). "2001 Census Topic-based tabulations Immigrant Status and Period of Immigration (10A) and Place of Birth of Respondent (260) for Immigrants and Non-permanent Residents, for Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2001 Census – 20% Sample Data". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2023-03-04.
  32. ↑ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2013-12-23). "2001 Census Topic-based tabulations Selected Places of Birth (85) for the Immigrant Population, for Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 1996 and 2001 Censuses – 20% Sample Data". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2023-03-04.
  33. ↑ Elliot, Doug (2005). Interprovincial Migration – in the Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan. Regina: Canadian Plains Research Center, University of Regina. pp. 483–484.
  34. ↑ "Exodus of Saskatchewan residents to Alberta, British Columbia, continues to plague province | Globalnews.ca". globalnews.ca. 2018-06-06. Archived from the original on 2018-12-29. Retrieved 2018-12-28.
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