Nunataks, also called glacial islands, are exposed portions of ridges, mountains, or peaks not covered with ice or snow within (or at the edge of) an ice field or glacier.[1] Nunataks present readily identifiable landmark reference points in glaciers or ice caps and are often named. The term is derived from the Inuit word, nunataq.

Antarctica

Nestinari Nunataks from Komini Peak, Livingston Island, Antarctica.

Enderby Land

Graham Land

Palmer Land

Aldebaran Rock

The Aldebaran Rock (70°50′S 66°41′W / 70.833°S 66.683°W / -70.833; -66.683 (Aldebaran Rock)) is a particularly conspicuous nunatak of bright red rock, located near the head of Bertram Glacier and 5 miles (8 km) northeast of Pegasus Mountains in western Palmer Land.

Anckorn Nunataks

The Anckorn Nunataks (70°14′S 63°12′W / 70.233°S 63.200°W / -70.233; -63.200) are a group of nunataks and snow-covered hills, 15 nautical miles (28 km) long, between Mount Bailey and Mount Samsel in the eastern part of Palmer Land.[3]

Bergen Nunataks

The Bergen Nunataks (72°25′S 64°53′W / 72.417°S 64.883°W / -72.417; -64.883) are a group of nunataks 14 nautical miles (26 km) north of the Journal Peaks in south-central Palmer Land. They were named in 1977 by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names after Michael Bergen, a United States Antarctic Research Program engineer at Palmer Station, winter party 1970.[4]

Olander Nunatak

Olander Nunatak (74°25′S 72°7′W / 74.417°S 72.117°W / -74.417; -72.117) is one of several somewhat scattered nunataks which rise above the ice of eastern Palmer Land, lying 5 nautical miles (9 km) east of Tollefson Nunatak and 27 nautical miles (50 km) north-northwest of Sky-Hi Nunataks.

Queen Maud Land

Bruns Nunataks

The Bruns Nunataks (72°5′S 1°10′E / 72.083°S 1.167°E / -72.083; 1.167 (Bruns Nunataks)) are a small group of nunataks, lying 2.5 nautical miles (5 km) west-northwest of Brattskarvet Mountain in the Sverdrup Mountains of Queen Maud Land. The name "Bruns-Berge", after Herbert Bruns, electrical engineer with the expedition, was applied in this area by the Third German Antarctic Expedition (1938–39) under Alfred Ritscher.[5]

Charles Nunataks

The Charles Nunataks (73°19′S 2°10′E / 73.317°S 2.167°E / -73.317; 2.167 (Charles Nunataks)) are an isolated group of nunataks lying 8 nautical miles (15 km) south of the western end of the Neumayer Cliffs in Queen Maud Land. They were mapped by Norwegian cartographers from surveys and air photos by the Norwegian–British–Swedish Antarctic Expedition (NBSAE) (1949–52) and from air photos by the Norwegian expedition (1958–59), and named for Charles W. Swithinbank, glaciologist with NBSAE.[6]

Dråpane Nunataks

The Dråpane Nunataks (73°46′S 5°3′E / 73.767°S 5.050°E / -73.767; 5.050 (Dråpane Nunataks)) are nunataks north of Urnosa Spur, near the southwest end of the Kirwan Escarpment in Queen Maud Land. They were mapped by Norwegian cartographers from surveys and air photos by the NBSAE and additional air photos (1958–59), and named Dråpane (the drops).[7]

Firlingane Nunataks

The Firlingane Nunataks(71°52′S 27°7′E / 71.867°S 27.117°E / -71.867; 27.117) are four nunataks standing between Bulken Hill and Hesteskoen Nunatak in the Sør Rondane Mountains of Antarctica. They were mapped by Norwegian cartographers in 1957 from air photos taken by U.S. Navy Operation Highjump, 1946–47, and named Firlingane (the quadruplets).[8]

Hamarskaftet Nunataks

Hemmestad Nunataks

The Hemmestad Nunataks (coordinates: 71°40′S 8°26′) are a group of about 20 nunataks extending over about 7 nautical miles (13 km), forming the northeast portion of the Drygalski Mountains in Queen Maud Land, Antarctica. They were plotted from air photos by the Third German Antarctic Expedition (1938–39), were mapped from surveys and air photos by the Sixth Norwegian Antarctic Expedition (1956–60) and named for Arne Hemmestad, a mechanic with the Norwegian expedition (1956–57).[10][11]

Henriksen Nunataks

The Henriksen Nunataks (coordinates: 71°30′S 9°0′E) are a group of scattered nunataks about 10 nautical miles (20 km) north of the Kurze Mountains in Queen Maud Land, Antarctica. They were plotted from air photos by the Third German Antarctic Expedition (1938–39), mapped from surveys and air photos by the Sixth Norwegian Antarctic Expedition (1956–60) and named for Hans-Martin Henriksen, a meteorological assistant with the latter expedition (1956–58).[13]

Hettene Nunataks

The Hettene Nunataks (coordinates: 71°45′S 26°25′E) are a group of nunataks at the west side of Hette Glacier in the Sør Rondane Mountains of Antarctica. They were mapped by Norwegian cartographers in 1957 from air photos taken by U.S. Navy Operation Highjump, 1946–47, and named Hettene (the caps).[14]

Holane Nunataks

The Holane Nunataks (coordinates: 71°58′S 0°29′E) are two isolated nunataks lying about 20 nautical miles (40 km) west of the northern extremity of the Sverdrup Mountains, in Queen Maud Land, Antarctica. They were mapped and named by Norwegian cartographers from surveys and air photos by the Norwegian–British–Swedish Antarctic Expedition (1949–52) and from air photos by the Norwegian expedition (1958–59).[15]

Isrosene Nunataks

The Isrosene Nunataks (coordinates: 71°53′S 26°35′E) are two nunataks 6 miles (10 km) west-northwest of Balchen Mountain, protruding through the western part of Byrdbreen in the Sør Rondane Mountains of Antarctica. They were mapped by Norwegian cartographers in 1957 from air photos taken by U.S. Navy Operation Highjump, 1946–47, and named "Isrosene" (the ice roses).[16]

Jare IV Nunataks

The Jare IV Nunataks (coordinates: 71°38′S 36°0′E) are a group of four aligned nunataks situated 3 nautical miles (6 km) north-northeast of Mount Gaston de Gerlache in the Queen Fabiola Mountains of Antarctica. They were discovered on October 7, 1960, by the Belgian Antarctic Expedition under Guido Derom, and were named by Derom after the fourth Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition (JARE IV); in November–December 1960 a field party of the Japanese expedition reached this area and carried out geodetic and other scientific work.[17]

Jarl Nunataks

The Jarl Nunataks (coordinates: 71°55′S 3°18′E) are a small group of nunataks 3 nautical miles (6 km) north of Risen Peak which mark the northeastern extremity of the Gjelsvik Mountains in Queen Maud Land, Antarctica. They were mapped from surveys and air photos by the Sixth Norwegian Antarctic Expedition (1956–60) and named for Jarl Tonnesen, a meteorologist with the expedition (1956–58).[18]

Knattebrauta Nunataks

The Knattebrauta Nunataks (coordinates: 72°27′S 0°18′E) are a line of nunataks trending northeast–southwest lying 4 nautical miles (7 km) north of the Robin Heights in the Sverdrup Mountains, Queen Maud Land, Antarctica. They were photographed from the air by the Third German Antarctic Expedition (1938–39), mapped by Norwegian cartographers from surveys and air photos by the NBSAE and air photos by the Norwegian expedition (1958–59) and named Knattebrauta (the crag slope).[19]

  • Kvassknatten Nunatak (coordinates: 72°27′S 0°20′E) is one of the Knattebrauta Nunataks. It was photographed from the air by the Third German Antarctic Expedition (1938–39). It was mapped by Norwegian cartographers from surveys and air photos by the NBSAE and air photos by the Norwegian expedition (1958–59) and named Kvassknatten (the sharp crag).[20]

Litvillingane Rocks

The Litvillingane Rocks (coordinates: 71°52′S 1°44′W) are two isolated nunataks, the eastern with a small outlier, lying 3 nautical miles (6 km) south of Bolten Peak, on the east side of Ahlmann Ridge in Queen Maud Land, Antarctica. They were mapped by Norwegian cartographers from surveys and air photos by the NBSAE and air photos by the Norwegian expedition (1958–59) and named Litvillingane (the mountainside twins).[21]

Malyutki Nunataks

The Malyutki Nunataks (coordinates: 72°4′S 10°46′E) are a group of nunataks that trend north–south for 4 nautical miles (7 km), situated at the southeastern extremity of the Orvin Mountains, about 13 nautical miles (24 km) west-northwest of Skeidsberget Hill, in Queen Maud Land, Antarctica. The feature was mapped by the Norsk Polarinstitutt from surveys and air photos by the Sixth Norwegian Antarctic Expedition, 1956–60. It was also mapped by the Soviet Antarctic Expedition in 1961 and named "Skaly Malyutki" (baby nunataks).[22]

Nevskiye Nunataks

Nevskiye Nunataks (coordinates: 71°40′S 8°5′E) are a group of scattered nunataks comprising the Sørensen Nunataks and Hemmestad Nunataks in the Drygalski Mountains, Queen Maud Land. Mapped by Norsk Polarinstitutt from surveys and air photos by Norwegian Antarctic Expedition, 1956–60. Also mapped by the Soviet Antarctic Expedition in 1961; the name is an adjective derived from Neva, a river in the Soviet Union.[23]

Onezhskiye Nunataks

Onezhskiye Nunataks (coordinates: 71°35′S 7°3′E) is a small group of nunataks, situated 9 nautical miles (17 km) north-northeast of Slettefjellet in the Muhlig-Hofmann Mountains, Queen Maud Land. Mapped by Norsk Polarinstitutt from surveys and air photos by Norwegian Antarctic Expedition, 1956–60. Also mapped by Soviet Antarctic Expedition in 1961; the name is an adjective derived from Onega, a river in the Soviet Union.[24]

Perlebandet Nunataks

Perlebandet Nunataks (coordinates: 71°56′S 23°3′E) is a linear group of nunataks 5 nautical miles (9 km) northwest of Tanngarden Peaks in the Sor Rondane Mountains. It was mapped by Norwegian cartographers in 1957 from aerial photos taken by U.S. Navy Operation Highjump, 1946–47, and named Perlebandet (the string of beads).[26]

Pingvinane Nunataks

Pingvinane Nunataks (coordinates: 72°0′S 23°17′E) are a group of nunataks standing close north of Tanngarden Peaks in the Sor Rondane Mountains. Mapped by Norwegian cartographers in 1957 from air photos taken by U.S. Navy Operation Highjump, 1946–47, and named Pingvinane (the penguins).[27]

Plogskaftet Nunataks

Plogskaftet Nunataks (coordinates: 71°48′S 5°12′E) are a row of nunataks about 5 nautical miles (9 km) long lying close northwest of Cumulus Mountain in the Muhlig-Hofmann Mountains of Queen Maud Land. Mapped from surveys and air photos by the Norwegian Antarctic Expedition (1956–60) and named Plogskaftet (the plow handle).[28]

Rimekalvane Nunataks

Rimekalvane Nunataks (coordinates: 72°3′S 13°38′E) is a group of nunataks 4 nautical miles (7 km) east of Dekefjellrantane Hills in the Weyprecht Mountains of Queen Maud Land. Photographed from the air by the German Antarctic Expedition (1938–39). Mapped by Norwegian cartographers from surveys and air photos by the Norwegian Antarctic Expedition (1956–60) and named Rimekalvane (the frost calves).[29]

Ristkalvane Nunataks

Ristkalvane Nunataks (coordinates: 71°41′S 10°36′E) is a small group of nunataks forming the north end of Shcherbakov Range, in the Orvin Mountains of Queen Maud Land. Discovered and photographed by the German Antarctic Expedition, 1938–39. Mapped by Norway from air photos and surveys by Norwegian Antarctic Expedition, 1956–60, and named Ristkalvane (the ridge calves).[30]

Rokhlin Nunataks

Rokhlin Nunataks (coordinates: 72°12′S 14°28′E) are four nunataks standing 6 nautical miles (11 km) south of Linnormen Hills at the south extremity of the Payer Mountains, in Queen Maud Land. Discovered and first plotted from air photos by German Antarctic Expedition, 1938–39. Mapped from air photos by Norwegian Antarctic Expedition, 1958–59; remapped by Soviet Antarctic Expedition, 1960–61, and named after M.I. Rokhlin, a wintering over geologist who died in 1958.[31]

Sandhøkalvane Nunataks

Sandhøkalvane Nunataks (coordinates: 71°46′S 9°55′E) are a group of nunataks located 4 nautical miles (7.4 km) northeast of Sandhø Heights, lying between the Conrad Mountains and Mount Dallmann in Queen Maud Land. They were discovered and photographed by the German Antarctic Expedition in 1938–39, and mapped by Norway from air photos and surveys by the Norwegian Antarctic Expedition, 1956–60, and named Sandhøkalvane ("the sand heights calves").[36]

Single nunataks

Victoria Land

Individual nunataks

Marie Byrd Land

South America

North America

Greenland

Nunataks in eastern Greenland
Nunataks in western Greenland

United States

Eurasia

Ireland

Norway

Russia

Scotland

The following mountains formed as Nunataks during the last ice age:

See also

References

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Public Domain This article incorporates public domain material from "List of nunataks". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.

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