Frappé
Frappe
Classic frappé with no milk
TypeIced coffee
Place of originGreece
Created byDimitris Vakondios
Main ingredientsinstant coffee, sugar, milk, water

A frappé coffee, cold coffee, Greek frappé, or just frappé (Greek: φραπέ, frapé, [fraˈpe]) is a Greek iced coffee drink generally made from spray-dried instant coffee, water, sugar, and milk.[1] The word is often written frappe (without an accent). The frappé was invented through experimentation by Dimitris Vakondios, a Nescafe representative, in 1957 in Thessaloniki.[2] Frappés are among the most popular forms of coffee in Greece and Cyprus and have become a hallmark of postwar outdoor Greek coffee culture.

History

The name frappé ('punched', figuratively 'shaken') comes from French, where it describes drinks chilled with ice.[3] Beginning in the 19th century, a variety of cold coffee drinks named café frappé (à la glace) are documented, some similar to slushes,[4][5] others more like iced coffee.[6]

The Greek version of café frappé, using instant coffee, was invented in 1957 at the Thessaloniki International Fair. A representative of the Nestlé company, Giannis Dritsas, was exhibiting a new product for children, a chocolate beverage produced instantly by mixing it with milk and shaking it in a shaker. Dritsas' employee Dimitris Vakondios was looking for a way to have his usual instant coffee during his break but could not find any hot water, so, he mixed the coffee with cold water and ice cubes in a shaker.[2][7]

This improvised experiment established the frappé which quickly grew in popularity in Greece. Nestlé capitalized on the drink with intense marketing campaigns in the 1980s that broadened the drink's popularity and left the brand name Nescafé inextricably linked with the frappé.[2] While today the drink is usually simply called a 'frappé' in Greece, in the past it was often called a 'Nescafé frappé'.[8][9][10]

Preparation

A frappé can be made with a cocktail shaker or, more commonly today, with an electric milk frother or milkshake machine. First, instant coffee (traditionally Nescafé), sugar (optionally), and a little water are shaken or blended together until a thick foam is made. This is poured into the serving glass and ice cubes, cold water, and, optionally, milk (traditionally evaporated milk) are added to it. The drink is almost always served with a drinking straw, as the thick foam which forms on top is considered unpleasantly bitter by many.[1][2][11]

Frothy top

A frappé with milk

The spray-dried instant coffee used to make a frappé contains nearly no oil; this allows the frappé's characteristically thick layer of foam to form. Frappé foam is similar to crema, the foam found in espresso, but thicker and longer lasting due to its oilless composition. It is a three-phase colloid of air bubbles, coffee solids, and water. Depending on the initial size of the foam's bubbles, and the frappé's sugar content, water drains from the foam over the course of 2–10 minutes, thickening until it forms a nearly solid foam, which then slowly dissipates. Frappés made with freshly brewed coffee or freeze-dried instant coffee, both of which contain significantly more oils than spray-dried instant coffee, produce only short lived foams.[1] Even the way in which the frappé is prepared can impact the bubbles on top of the coffee. For example, making a frappé by using a handheld shaker produces finer, longer lasting, and more stable bubbles.[1]

A frappé coffee

Terminology and variations

In Greece, a frappé is generally ordered by specifying sweetness, and the inclusion of milk if desired. The usual sweetness levels are, for 2 spoonfuls of instant coffee:

  • glykós (γλυκός [ɣliˈkos] 'sweet') – 4 spoonfuls sugar
  • métrios (μέτριος [ˈme.tri.os] 'medium') – 2 spoonfuls sugar
  • skétos (σκέτος [ˈsce.tos] 'plain') – no sugar

Milk, usually evaporated milk, is generally not added unless explicitly requested with the phrase me gála (με γάλα [me ˈɣala] 'with milk'); it can be explicitly requested without milk horís gála (χωρίς γάλα [xoˈris ˈɣala], 'without milk').[2][11]

A frappé with milk is occasionally called frapógalo (φραπόγαλο [fraˈpoɣalo] 'frappé-milk'). Sometimes, particularly in Cyprus, frappés are made with milk instead of water (besides the water used in the foam). At some establishments, particularly beach bars, alcoholic liqueurs such as Kahlúa or Baileys Irish Cream are added to frappés; other restaurants have the option of adding a ball of vanilla ice cream to a frappé instead of milk.[1][12][13] Though not technically frappés (since they are not shaken) some variations are stirred with a spoon when a shaker is not available, creating a different texture and taste. These variations are generally referred to as koutalátos (κουταλάτος [kutaˈlatos], lit. 'spoon-made') or karavísios (καραβίσιος [karaˈvisios], lit. 'of the ship') because of their association with sailors at sea.

Freddo Espresso and Freddo Cappuccino

The freddo espresso is a Greek iced espresso which was first made in Athens in 1991 and has grown in popularity since. It is often seen as a "higher quality frappé".[14] The freddo cappuccino is a freddo espresso topped with a cold milk-based foam called afrógala (Greek: αφρόγαλα).

Outside Greece

Although frappés are commonly associated with Greece, in recent years their popularity has grown in other nations. Frappés first became broadly known outside of Greece as a result of the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, during which many tourists became fond of them and an article in the Los Angeles Times was published about them.[11] Immigrants and tourists in Greece have also helped to take the frappé abroad.

See also

Bibliography

  • Vivian Constantinopoulos, Daniel Young, Frappé Nation, 2006, ISBN 9606691012

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 Mabbett, Terry (1 October 2007). "Greece in an instant". Tea & Coffee Trade Journal. Retrieved 24 May 2020 – via The Free Library.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 Souli, Sarah (13 August 2018). "This Freakishly Simple Coffee Drink Is Greece's Favorite Summer Beverage". Vice. Retrieved 24 May 2020.
  3. ↑ Trésor de la Langue Française informatisé, s.v. frappé, II.B.3
  4. ↑ anon., Ice-cream and Cakes: A New Collection of Standard Fresh and Original Receipts for Household and Commercial Use, Charles Scribner's Sons, 1883, p. 98
  5. ↑ Table Talk 4 (Jan-Dec 1889), Table Talk Publishing Company, Philadelphia, p. 149
  6. ↑ Illustrated London News, 17 July 1920, p. 117 (advertisement)
  7. ↑ Πώς ανακαλύφθηκε ο φραπές τυχαία, το 1957 στη Θεσσαλονίκη κατά τη διάρκεια της Διεθνούς Έκθεσης. [How the Frappe was discovered by accident, in 1957 in Thessaloniki during the International Fair.]. Μηχανή του Χρόνου (in Greek). Retrieved 24 August 2019. Δεν βρήκε όμως ζεστό νερό και έχοντας δει πολλές φορές το αφεντικό του να παρουσιάζει το σοκολατούχο ρόφημα με το σέικερ, αποφάσισε να κάνει το ίδιο χρησιμοποιώντας αντί για σοκολάτα σε σκόνη, καφέ, που ανακάτεψε με κρύο νερό.
  8. ↑ Facaros, Dana (1995). Greek Islands. Internet Archive. London: Cadogan Books. p. 30. ISBN 186011010X. ...and it's all the rage in Athens to queue up for a Wendy burger or go out for an Italian-style ice-cream, cappuccino [sic], or Nescafé frappé with sticky cakes at a gelataria.
  9. ↑ Joanna Kakissis, "36 hours in Athens, Greece", New York Times, 2 May 2008
  10. ↑ Sofka Zinovieff, The House on Paradise Street, 2012, ISBN 9781907595691, p. 48 (set in 1988)
  11. 1 2 3 "When the Greeks toss the demitasse". Los Angeles Times. 18 August 2004. Retrieved 8 April 2020.
  12. ↑ "Menu" (PDF). The Ble cafe & bar. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 July 2011. Retrieved 8 April 2020.
  13. ↑ "Nescafe Frappe με παγωτό" [Nescafe Frappe with ice cream]. Nestle (in Greek). Nestle. 2011. Archived from the original on 21 July 2011. Retrieved 8 April 2020.
  14. ↑ "Ήξερες ότι ο Freddo γεννήθηκε στην Ελλάδα;". www.news247.gr (in Greek). Retrieved 20 January 2021.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.