HMS Astute returning to HMNB Clyde, 2012
History
United Kingdom
NameHMS Astute
OrderedMarch 1997
Builder
Laid down31 January 2001
Launched8 June 2007
Sponsored byThe Queen
Commissioned27 August 2010[1]
In serviceMay 2014
HomeportHM Naval Base Clyde
IdentificationPennant number: S119
StatusOperational[2]
Badge
General characteristics
Class and typeAstute-class fleet submarine
Displacement
  • Surfaced: 7,000 to 7,400 t (7,300 long tons; 8,200 short tons)[3][4]
  • Submerged: 7,400 to 7,800 t (7,700 long tons; 8,600 short tons)[3][4]
Length97 m (318 ft 3 in)[3][4]
Beam11.3 m (37 ft 1 in)[3][4]
Draught10 m (32 ft 10 in)[3][4]
Propulsion
Speed30 kn (56 km/h; 35 mph), submerged[3][4]
RangeUnlimited[6]
Endurance90 days[6]
Test depthOver 300 m (984 ft 3 in)
Complement98 (capacity for 109)[3]
Sensors and
processing systems
Armament

HMS Astute is an operational nuclear-powered attack submarine in the Royal Navy, the lead boat of her class.

Astute is the second submarine of the Royal Navy to be named after the characteristic of shrewdness and discernment—the first was the World War II-era Amphion-class Astute. She was the largest attack submarine in Royal Navy history when commissioned in 2010.

Design

Built as a successor to the Trafalgar class, Astute is 50% larger than the T-boats but has a smaller crew. The 7,400-tonne Astute's nuclear reactor will not need to be refuelled during the vessel's 25-year service. Since the submarine can purify water and air, she is able to circumnavigate the planet without resurfacing.[8] The main limit is that the submarine can only carry three months' supply of food for 98 crew.[9]

Astute has stowage for 38 weapons and was expected to typically carry both Spearfish heavy torpedoes and Tomahawk Block IV cruise missiles,[1] the latter costing £870,000 each.[10]

Construction and launch

Astute on the shiplift outside Devonshire Dock Hall after launch

Astute was ordered from GEC's Marconi Marine (now BAE Systems Submarines) on 17 March 1997. She was laid down at BAE's submarine facility in Barrow-in-Furness on 31 January 2001, 100 years to the day after the keel was laid down for the Royal Navy's first submarine Holland 1.[2] She was the first submarine built in the UK since HMS Vengeance (launched in 1998).[11]

Astute was launched on 8 June 2007 by the then Duchess of Cornwall, 43 months behind schedule.[12] The launch attracted more than 10,000 spectators.[13] Her builders BAE Systems described her as "the largest and most able attack submarine that the Royal Navy has operated, with a performance to rival any in the world".[14]

Astute left Barrow on 15 November 2009[15] and on 20 November 2009, arrived at her home port of HMNB Clyde at Faslane.[16]

Sea trials and commission

On 16 February 2010 Astute left Faslane for sea trials and dived for the first time on 18 February 2010.[17] HMS Astute was commissioned on 27 August 2010, when she was given her HMS prefix, in a ceremony watched over by her patron the Duchess of Cornwall.[18] She was delivered to the Royal Navy on 18 July 2013 and at that time was reported to be, "nearing the end of her sea trials."[19] In reality, the Royal Navy declared Astute to be fully operational in May 2014, some 13 years after being laid down.[20]

Operational history

Aground on Skye

Astute aground with the emergency tow vessel Anglian Prince

On 22 October 2010, the Ministry of Defence confirmed that Astute had "run into difficulties" off the Isle of Skye while on trials, after eyewitnesses reported that she had run aground a few miles from the Skye Bridge. There were no reports of injuries.[21] The captain of the vessel elected to wait for tugboat assistance rather than using the submarine's own power to clear the stern from the obstruction, to minimise damage to the hull's anechoic tiles.[22] A Royal Navy spokesman said that the vessel had been grounded on silt and was re-floated at high tide.[23] The Maritime and Coastguard Agency-chartered emergency tow vessel Anglian Prince was dispatched to the scene from Stornoway.[24]

The submarine returned under her own power to Faslane, where the damage was described as minor.[25] A service inquiry concluded that the main cause of the grounding was not following navigation procedures combined with the watch officer not appreciating the proximity of danger.[26] On 27 October 2010, the Royal Navy announced that Commander Andy Coles had been relieved of his command of Astute.[27] Commander Iain Breckenridge previously commanded the submarine HMS Tireless, and the Navy announced in December 2010 that he would take command.[28] Astute had to return to port for repairs on 11 December 2010, on her first day back at sea after the grounding incident, due to a problem with her steam plant.[29]

2011 fatal shooting

Astute at 38 berth in Southampton Docks on 8 April 2011, the day of the shooting.

On 8 April 2011, one naval officer was killed and another injured in a shooting on board Astute while berthed at Southampton Docks. Southampton City Council's leader, chief executive, and mayor were on board at the time. During a changeover of armed guards, 22-year old Able Seaman Ryan Donovan opened fire with an SA80 assault rifle in the submarine's control room, hitting two officers before being overpowered by Southampton Council's leader Royston Smith (a former RAF flight engineer), and chief executive Alistair Neill.[30][31]

In the 48 hours before going on guard duty, Donovan had drunk 20 pints of cider and lager, as well as cocktails and double vodkas, leaving him well beyond the drink-drive limit when on duty. Heavy drinking before duties was common practice amongst the crew.[32][33] According to Smith:

"We were in the control room when someone entered and there was an exchange of words. He stepped out with another man and two shots were fired and then he entered the control room again and began shooting again…. He had a magazine with 30 rounds in it so I took the view that someone had to stop him. I pushed him against the wall and we wrestled, then I pushed him into another wall which resulted in him going to the ground and I managed to get the weapon from him and threw it aside under a table. I shouted for someone to help as I held him down and my chief executive was the first to come, and he did a remarkable job of restraining him."

— Royston Smith, BBC interview[34]

Lieutenant Commander Ian Molyneux, Astute's weapons engineering officer, was killed.[35] Donovan was arrested by Hampshire Constabulary officers[36][37] and was charged with the murder of Molyneux and the attempted murder of Petty Officer Christopher Brown, Chief Petty Officer David McCoy, and Lieutenant Commander Christopher Hodge.[38] He admitted to the murder of Molyneux and three counts of attempted murder; he was sentenced at Winchester Court on 19 September 2011 to life imprisonment and must serve a minimum of 25 years.[39]

On 23 March 2012, Ian Molyneux, Royston Smith, and Alistair Neill were awarded the George Medal for gallantry.[40][41][42] Molyneux's widow received the Elizabeth Cross in April 2013.[43]

Weapons trials

Astute manoeuvring into position at Naval Station Norfolk in Norfolk Virginia, November 2011

Starting in late 2011, she began a 5-month stay at the US Navy's Atlantic Undersea Test and Evaluation Center (AUTEC) in the Bahamas, in which she fired Spearfish torpedoes and Tomahawk missiles.[44][45] Astute launched two Tomahawks, the first missile on 15 November 2011. They were the Royal Navy's ninth and tenth Tomahawk flight tests.[46]

In February 2012, Astute rendezvoused with the Virginia-class submarine USS New Mexico underwater in the Atlantic Undersea Test and Evaluation Center for a series of war games. Present were the head of the Royal Navy, Admiral Sir Mark Stanhope and the head of the United States Navy, Admiral Jonathan W. Greenert.[47] It was reported that Astute "surpassed expectations" and that the Americans were "taken aback" by Astute's capabilities.[48][49] Astute had been expected to conduct her first operational deployment in 2013.[50]

First of class issues

In November 2012 The Guardian reported that there had been a serious leak that caused an emergency surfacing because a cap for a pipe was made of the wrong metal, even though the inventory claimed proper checks had been made, that there were problems with reactor monitoring instruments because the wrong grade of lead was used, and circuit boards had not been correctly fitted. The Ministry of Defence and BAE Systems confirmed the problems were being worked on. An MoD spokesman said "It is normal for first of class trials to identify areas where modifications are required and these are then incorporated into later vessels of the class."[51]

Maiden deployment

Astute departed Faslane on her maiden deployment at the beginning of 2014, spending eight months abroad. Her deployment included an attached dry deck shelter aft of the sail, possibly for an SBS troop deployment. Astute returned to Faslane in October 2014.[52]

Major capability upgrade, sea training and return to operations

Following her return to Faslane, Astute began a two-year major capability upgrade and sea training period. Her training saw her working with a Canadian maritime patrol aircraft and a NATO submarine in a simulated war environment. Having successfully completed this, Astute was once again declared ready for operations.[53]

In November 2018, Astute took part in anti-submarine warfare exercises alongside Type 23 frigate HMS St Albans in an undisclosed Scottish loch.[54]

References

  1. 1 2 "UK's most powerful submarine joins the Navy". Ministry of Defence. 27 August 2010.
  2. 1 2 "HMS Astute". Royal Navy. Retrieved 2 June 2013.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Bush, Steve (2014). British Warships and Auxiliaries. Maritime Books. pp. 10–11. ISBN 978-1904459552.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Astute-class attack submarines". royalnavy.mod.uk. Royal Navy. Retrieved 27 July 2016.
  5. ↑ Kuperman, Alan; von Hippel, Frank (10 April 2020). "US study of reactor and fuel types to enable naval reactors to shift from HEU fuel". International Panel on Fissile Materials. Retrieved 16 September 2022.
  6. 1 2 "BAE Systems – Astute class submarines". baesystems.com. BAE Systems. Retrieved 25 July 2016.
  7. ↑ "UK's most powerful submarine joins the Navy". Ministry of Defence. 27 August 2010. Retrieved 11 April 2011.
  8. ↑ "HMS Astute recovers from shaky start". BBC News. 10 December 2012. Retrieved 2 June 2013.
  9. ↑ "New submarine in a class of its own". BBC News. 3 December 2010. Retrieved 2 June 2013.
  10. ↑ "House of Commons Hansard – Written Answers for Daily Hansard – Written Answers 17 May 2011". UK Parliament. 17 May 2011. Retrieved 6 November 2011.
  11. ↑ "HRH visits HMS Astute in Barrow-in-Furness". Clarence House. Retrieved 2 June 2013.
  12. ↑ "This week". The Daily Telegraph. London. 4 June 2007. Archived from the original on 28 January 2008. Retrieved 4 June 2007.
  13. ↑ "Royal Launch for First of Class Astute Submarine (News Release)". BAE Systems. 8 June 2007. Archived from the original on 13 July 2007. Retrieved 24 July 2007.
  14. ↑ "The Astute Launch – The Need". BAE Systems. 2007. Retrieved 6 November 2011.
  15. ↑ "Astute leaves Barrow". North West Evening Mail. 16 November 2009. Archived from the original on 30 September 2014. Retrieved 16 November 2009.
  16. ↑ "Astute Submarine Arrives at Faslane on the Clyde". BBC News. 20 November 2009. Retrieved 20 November 2009.
  17. ↑ "Astute's First Dive". Royal Navy. Retrieved 18 March 2010.
  18. ↑ "New UK nuclear submarine launched". BBC. 8 June 2007. Retrieved 3 June 2013.
  19. ↑ "Sixth Astute Class submarine keel laid". gov.uk. 18 July 2013. Retrieved 19 July 2013. It comes as MOD announces that the first 2 of the 7 Astute Class submarines, HMS Astute and HMS Ambush, are nearing completion of their extensive sea trials and have been handed over to the Royal Navy to begin to prepare for operations
  20. ↑ "HMS Astute". Royal Navy. Retrieved 19 May 2014.
  21. ↑ "Nuclear submarine HMS Astute runs aground off Skye". BBC News. 22 October 2010. Retrieved 22 October 2010.
  22. ↑ Harding, Thomas (22 October 2010). "HMS Astute: world's most advanced nuclear submarine runs aground". The Daily Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on 24 October 2010. Retrieved 22 October 2010.
  23. ↑ Grounded nuclear sub dragged free. (22 October 2010) BBC News. Retrieved 22 October 2010
  24. ↑ "Scrap-threatened tug sent to submarine HMS Astute". BBC News. 22 October 2010. Archived from the original on 25 October 2010. Retrieved 22 October 2010.
  25. ↑ "Grounded nuclear submarine HMS Astute returns to base". BBC. 25 October 2010. Retrieved 8 November 2010.
  26. ↑ "Service Inquiry Report Into the Grounding of HMS ASTUTE on 22 October 2010". Ministry of Defence. 1 January 2011. Retrieved 16 July 2013. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  27. ↑ "Grounded HMS Astute nuclear sub chief loses command". BBC. 27 October 2010. Retrieved 27 November 2010.
  28. ↑ "State-of-the-art Astute visits Southampton". Navy News. 5 April 2011. Retrieved 11 April 2011.
  29. ↑ "Grounded nuclear submarine HMS Astute 'breaks down'". BBC. 11 December 2010. Retrieved 12 December 2010.
  30. ↑ "Fatal shooting on HMS Astute in Southampton docks". 8 April 2011. Retrieved 8 April 2011.
  31. ↑ Thomas Harding, Gordon Rayner & Victoria Ward (8 April 2011). "HMS Astute shooting: Nuclear submarine guard kills officer in rifle rampage". The Daily Telegraph. London. Retrieved 11 April 2011.
  32. ↑ "Binge drinking on submarine shocks police investigating fatal shooting". The Guardian. London. 9 January 2013. Retrieved 10 January 2013.
  33. ↑ "BBC News – Submariners punished for drunken misconduct". BBC Online. 15 February 2013. Retrieved 15 February 2013.
  34. ↑ "Council boss 'disarmed gunman' on nuclear submarine". BBC. 8 April 2011. Retrieved 8 April 2011.
  35. ↑ Harding, Thomas; Rayner, Gordon; Ward, Victoria (8 April 2011). "HMS Astute shooting: Nuclear submarine guard kills officer in rifle rampage". The Daily Telegraph. London. Retrieved 8 April 2011.
  36. ↑ "One killed in HMS Astute nuclear submarine shooting". BBC. 8 April 2011. Retrieved 8 April 2011.
  37. ↑ "Officer is shot dead on Royal Navy nuclear submarine". Evening Standard. London. 8 April 2011. Retrieved 8 April 2011.
  38. ↑ "Nuclear submarine sailor charged with murder". BBC News. 10 April 2011. Retrieved 10 April 2011.
  39. ↑ "Sailor who murdered officer on submarine HMS Astute jailed for life". BBC News. 19 September 2011. Retrieved 19 September 2011.
  40. ↑ "Posthumous George Medal for shot submariner Ian Molyneux". BBC News. 23 March 2012. Retrieved 23 March 2012.
  41. ↑ "No. 60095". The London Gazette (Supplement). 23 March 2012. p. 5852.
  42. ↑ "No. 60096". The London Gazette (Supplement). 23 March 2012. p. 5855.
  43. ↑ "Wife of shot submariner Ian Molyneux accepts Elizabeth Cross". BBC Online. 26 April 2013. Retrieved 12 November 2016.
  44. ↑ Muradian, Vago; Cavas, Christopher P. (17 October 2011). "Adm. Sir Mark Stanhope Britain's First Sea Lord". Defense News. Retrieved 6 November 2011.
  45. ↑ "Navy News – Reporting from the Fleet". Retrieved 30 July 2016.
  46. ↑ "Navy News – Reporting from the Fleet". Retrieved 30 July 2016.
  47. ↑ "North West Evening Mail | News | BAE Systems Barrow built Astute in battle with USS New Mexico". Nwemail.co.uk. 10 February 2012. Retrieved 16 February 2013.
  48. ↑ "HMS Astute arrives home from US sea trials". gov.uk.
  49. ↑ "Awesome Astute "Surpassed Every Expectation" on Her Toughest Test Yet". royalnavy.mod.uk.
  50. ↑ "Astute's trials draw to a close as new boat prepares for front-line duties". mod.uk.
  51. ↑ Nick Hopkins (15 November 2012). "Slow, leaky, rusty: Britain's 10bn submarine beset by design flaws". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 20 November 2012.
  52. ↑ "Joseph Dempsey: HMS Astute – a special deployment?". iiss.org.
  53. ↑ "HMS Astute ready for operations". Royal Navy. 27 July 2017. Retrieved 10 August 2021.
  54. ↑ "Navy's Vessels Practise Anti-Submarine Warfare in Scottish Loch". BFBS. 30 November 2018. Retrieved 10 August 2021.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to HMS Astute (S119).
External videos
video icon HMS Astute test-firing her first Tomahawk Land Attack Missiles
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.