Hungarian diaspora in the world (includes people with Hungarian ancestry or citizenship).
  Hungary
  + 1,000,000
  + 100,000
  + 10,000
  + 1,000
Areas with ethnic Hungarian majorities in the neighboring countries of Hungary, according to László Sebők.[1]

The Hungarian diaspora (Hungarian: magyar diaszpóra) comprises the total ethnic Hungarian population located outside current-day Hungary.

There are two main groups of the diaspora. The first group includes those who are autochthonous to their homeland and live outside Hungary since the border changes of the post-World War I Treaty of Trianon of 1920.[2][note 1] The victorious forces redrew the borders of Hungary so that it runs through Hungarian-majority areas. As a consequence, 3.3 million Hungarians found themselves outside the new borders. Although those Hungarians are usually not counted into the term "Hungarian diaspora",[3] they are listed as such in this article. The other main group is the emigrants who left Hungary at various times (such as the Hungarian Revolution of 1956). There has been some emigration since Hungary joined the EU, especially to countries such as Germany,[4] but that has been less drastic than for certain other countries of Central Europe countries like Poland and Slovakia.

Additionally is the Magyarab people, a small ethnic group in Egypt and Sudan.[5]

Distribution by country

Country Hungarian population Note Article
Neighbor countries of Hungary
 Romania1,002,151 (2021)[6] (excluding Csángós)[7]Native to Transylvania,[8] Csángós in Western Moldavia (moved from Transylvania there in the past), and a very small community of Szeklers also in Bukovina (see also Székelys of Bukovina)Hungarians in Romania
 Slovakia456,154 (2021)[9]Autochthonous[10]Hungarians in Slovakia
 Serbia184,442 (2021)[11]Autochthonous in VojvodinaHungarians in Serbia
 Ukraine156,600 (2001)[12]Autochthonous in Zakarpattia OblastHungarians in Ukraine
 Austria94,436 (2021)[13]Autochthonous in BurgenlandHungarians in Austria
 Croatia10,315 (2021)[14]Autochthonous in Croatia, except Istria and DalmatiaHungarians in Croatia
 Slovenia10,500 (2021)[15]Autochthonous in PrekmurjeHungarians in Slovenia
Other countries
 United States1,563,081 (2006)[16]ImmigrantsHungarian Americans
 Canada348,085 (2016)[17]ImmigrantsHungarian Canadians
 Germany296,000 (2021)[18]ImmigrantsHungarians in Germany
 Israel200,000 to 250,000 (2000s)[19]Most immigrants are Hungarian Jews
 United Kingdom200,000 to 250,000 (2020)[20][21]ImmigrantsHungarians in the United Kingdom
 France200,000 to 250,000 (2021)[22][23]ImmigrantsHungarians in France
 Brazil80,000 (2002)[24]ImmigrantsHungarian Brazilians
 Russia76,500 (2002)ImmigrantsHungarians in Russia
 Australia69,167 (2011)[25]ImmigrantsHungarian Australians
 Chile50,000 (2012)[26]ImmigrantsHungarians in Chile
 Argentina40,000 to 50,000 (2016)[27]ImmigrantsHungarian Argentines
 Sweden33,018 (2018)[28]ImmigrantsHungarians in Sweden
  Switzerland27,000 (2019)[29]Immigrants
 Netherlands26,172 (2020)[30]Immigrants
 Czech Republic20,000 (2013)[31]Immigrants; people of Hungarian descent forcibly relocated from the Slovak part of the Third Czechoslovak Republic
 Belgium15,000 (2013)[31]Immigrants
 Italy14,000 (2019)[29]Immigrants
 Spain10,000 (2019)[29]Immigrants
 Ireland9,000 (2019)[29]Immigrants
 Norway8,316 (2015)[32]Immigrants
 New Zealand7,000 (2013)[31]ImmigrantsHungarian New Zealander
 Turkey6,800 (2001)ImmigrantsHungarians in Turkey
 Denmark6,000 (2019)[29]Immigrants
 Japan5,600 (2022)[29]Immigrants
 Bosnia and Herzegovina4,000 (2021)[33]Immigrants
 South Africa4,000 (2013)[31]Immigrants
 Venezuela4,000 (2013)[31]ImmigrantsHungarian Venezuelans
 Mexico3,500 (2006)ImmigrantsHungarian Mexicans
 Finland3,000 (2019)[29]ImmigrantsHungarians in Finland
 Uruguay3,000 (2013)[31]ImmigrantsHungarian Uruguayans
 Greece2,387 (2018)[21]Immigrants
 Luxembourg2,000 (2019)[29]Immigrants
 Poland1,728 (2011)[34]ImmigrantsHungarians in Poland
 Portugal1,059 (2021)[35]Foreign citizens only; for instance, excludes 85 Luso-Hungarians who have acquired Portuguese citizenship since 2008[36]
 Jordan1,000 (2019)[29]Immigrants
 Cyprus620 (2018)[21]Immigrants
 Kazakhstan500 (2021)[37][38]Immigrants
 Montenegro400 (2021)[38]Immigrants
 Latvia300 (2021)[38]Immigrants
 Uzbekistan300 (2021)[38]Immigrants
 Philippines206 (2010)[39]Immigrants
 Iceland200 (2015)[32]Immigrants
 North Macedonia200 (2021)[38]Immigrants
 Estonia173 (2018)[21]Immigrants
 Bulgaria153 (2015)[32]Immigrants
 Vietnam100 (2015)[40]Immigrants
 Liechtenstein44 (2015)[32]Immigrants
 Lithuania23 (2015)[32]Immigrants
Total5.2–5.5 millionHungarians

Hungarian immigration patterns to Western Europe increased in the 1990s and especially since 2004, after Hungary's admission in the European Union. Thousands of Hungarians from Hungary sought available work through guest-worker contracts in the United Kingdom, Ireland, Finland, Sweden, Spain, and Portugal.

Hungarian citizenship

Flag of Hungary

A proposal supported by the DAHR to grant Hungarian citizenship to Hungarians living in Romania but without meeting Hungarian-law residency requirements was narrowly defeated at a 2004 referendum in Hungary.[41] The referendum was invalid because of not enough participants. After the failure of the 2004 referendum, the leaders of the Hungarian ethnic parties in the neighboring countries formed the HTMSZF organization in January 2005, as an instrument lobbying for preferential treatment in the granting of Hungarian citizenship.[42]

In 2010 some amendments were passed in Hungarian law facilitating an accelerated naturalization process for ethnic Hungarians living abroad; among other changes, the residency-in-Hungary requirement was waived.[43] Between 2011 and 2012, 200,000 applicants took advantage of the new, accelerated naturalization process;[44] there were another 100,000 applications pending in the summer of 2012.[45] As of February 2013, the Hungarian government has granted almost 400,000 citizenships to Hungarians ‘beyond the borders’.[46] In June 2013, Deputy Prime Minister Zsolt Semjén announced that he expects the number to reach about half a million by the end of the year.[47]

The new citizenship law, which took effect on 1 January 2011, did not grant however the right to vote, even in national elections, to Hungarian citizens unless they also reside in Hungary on a permanent basis.[48] A month later however, the Fidesz government announced that it intended to grant the right to vote to its new citizens.[49] In 2014, the Hungarian citizens from abroad are able to participate in the parliamentary elections without Hungarian residency, however they can not vote for a candidate running for the seat in the single-seat constituency but for a party list.

In May 2010, Slovakia announced it would strip Slovak citizenship from anyone applying for the Hungarian one.[50] Romania's President Traian Băsescu declared in October 2010 that "We have no objections to the adoption by the Hungarian government and parliament of a law making it easier to grant Hungarian citizenship to ethnic Hungarians living abroad."[51]

Famous people of Hungarian descent

Country Name Occupation Source
Austria AustriaFerenc AnisitsEngineer
United States United StatesAlbert-László BarabásiScientist scale-free networks
United States United StatesDrew BarrymoreEntertainer/actress[52]
Austria AustriaBéla BarényiInventor: Most patents in Europe +2500
Germany GermanyJosef von BákyFilm director
United States United StatesBéla BartókComposer
United States United StatesZoltán BayScientist
United States United StatesGyörgy von BékésyScientist-Nobel Prize winner
United States United StatesPal BenkoChessplayer - won the U.S. Open a record 8 times
United States United StatesAdrien BrodyEntertainer/actor: Youngest ever AA winner in his category[53]
United States United StatesGyörgy Buzsáki[54]Scientist-"Brain Prize" winner (1st time)
United States United StatesMihály CsíkszentmihályiScientist: Concept: Flow (psychology)
United States United StatesLarry CsonkaAmerican football fullback
United States United StatesTony CurtisEntertainer/actor[55]
France FranceGyörgy CziffraPianist
United States United States
Mexico Mexico		Louis C.K.Entertainer/comedian[56]
United States United StatesRodney DangerfieldEntertainer/comedian[57]
United States United StatesFrank DarabontFilm-director/screenplaywriter (Shawshank Redemption: IMDb No. 1)
United States United StatesErnst von DohnányiComposer/pianist/conductor
United States United StatesBobby Fischer (Neményi)Chessplayer
Germany GermanyFerenc FricsayConductor
United Kingdom United KingdomStephen FryEntertainer/comedian[58]
United States United StatesZsa Zsa GaborEntertainer/actress[59]
United States United StatesAndrew GroveBusiness/entrepreneur
United States United StatesPeter Carl GoldmarkScientist/inventor
United States United StatesMickey HargitayArtist/bodybuilder
United States United StatesHarry HoudiniEscapologist & Magician
United States United StatesTim HowardSoccer goalkeeper
Sweden Sweden
Germany Germany		George de HevesyScientist/inventor[60]
United States United StatesJohn George KemenyScientist/inventor[61]
United States United StatesLaszlo B. KishScientist
Sweden SwedenGeorge Klein (biologist)Scientist and author
Austria AustriaFerenc KrauszScientist-Nobel Prize winner
Belgium BelgiumAlexandre LamfalussyEconomist
Germany GermanyPhilipp LenardScientist-Nobel Prize winner
United States United StatesBela LugosiActor-"Dracula"
Mexico MexicoLuis MandokiFilm director
United States United StatesIlona MasseyActress
United States United StatesPaul NeményiScientist/mathematician[62]
United States United StatesJohn von NeumannMathematician Father of the Computer.[63][64]
United States United StatesThomas PeterffyEngineer/NASDAQ-founder
United States United StatesJoaquin PhoenixEntertainer/actor[65]
United States United StatesJoseph PulitzerJournalist[66]
United Kingdom United KingdomÁrpád PusztaiScientist - Leader on plant lecitins.
Slovakia SlovakiaĽudovít RajterConductor
Austria AustriaFranz SchmidtComposer
United States United StatesMonica SelesTennis player
United States United StatesGene SimmonsEntertainer/musician[67]
United States United StatesJerry SeinfeldEntertainer/comedian[68]
France FranceNicolas Sarkozy23rd President of the French Republic[69]
Canada CanadaHans SelyeScientist
United States United StatesCharles SimonyiScientist
United Kingdom United KingdomPéter Somogyi[70]Scientist (1st "Brain" Prize)
United States United StatesVictor SzebehelyScientist
United States United StatesAlbert Szent-GyörgyiScientist-Nobel Prize winner
United States United StatesMária TelkesScientist
United Kingdom United KingdomKálmán TihanyiScientist/Inventor Television
France FranceVictor VasarelyArtist-Founder of OP-art
United States United StatesGabriel von WayditchComposer: 14 Grand operas, the longest ever
Germany GermanyRichárd ZsigmondyScientist-Nobel Prize winner
Czech Republic Czech RepublicTomáš UjfalušiFootball player
United States United StatesLeó SzilárdScientist/inventor "Father of A-bomb"[71]
United States United StatesEdward TellerScientist/inventor "Father of H-bomb"[72]
United States United StatesKatalin KarikóScientist/inventor mRNA vaccine-Nobel Prize winner

Politics

Ever since the Hungarian diaspora can vote in elections in Hungary in 2012,[73] they have supported the ruling Fidesz with major records, in the 2014 Hungarian parliamentary election Fidesz won over 95% of the vote,[74] in the 2018 Hungarian parliamentary election over 96% while in the 2019 European Parliament election in Hungary Fidesz got 96%.[75]

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ During World War II, some areas were regained by Hungary but later lost after the 1947 Treaty of Paris.

References

  1. ↑ "Sebők László's ethnic map of Central and Southeastern Europe". Archived from the original on 2009-02-26.
  2. ↑ Mathey, Éva (2012-09-14). "Chasing a Mirage: Hungarian Revisionist Search for U.S. Support to Dismantle the Trianon Peace Treaty, 1920–1938" (PDF). The Trianon Syndrome and Treaty Revision. University of Debrecen. pp. 38–39. Retrieved 2021-05-08. Since the Great Powers who dictated the peace terms disregarded the principle of national self-determination in Hungary's case and did not draw the new borders of Hungary to follow ethnic and linguistic lines, 3.3 million ethnic Hungarians were lost to the successor states.
  3. ↑ "Diaspora and scattering" (in Hungarian). Retrieved 2021-05-05. Hungarian communities abroad can be divided into at least two major categories. On the one hand, the so-called indigenous (autochthonous) minority communities – established as a result of border changes, mainly the new state borders set out in the Treaty of Trianon. On the other hand, diaspora communities of migratory (allochthonous) origin.
  4. ↑ "See page 21 of this report" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-10-25. Retrieved 2014-04-26.
  5. ↑ huconedit (2023-06-19). "Magyarabs, the Descendants of Hungarians in Africa | Hungarian Conservative". www.hungarianconservative.com. Retrieved 2023-08-24.
  6. ↑ Széchely, István (3 January 2023). "Mintha városok ürültek volna ki" [As if cities had been emptied]. Székelyhon (in Hungarian). Retrieved 24 January 2023.
  7. ↑ 1,370 persons Archived March 2, 2009, at the Wayback Machine declared themselves Csángós at the 2002 Romanian census. Some estimates of the Csángó population run higher. For instance, the Council of Europe Archived 2008-10-02 at the Wayback Machine suggests a figure as high as 260,000.
  8. ↑ Patrick Heenan, Monique Lamontagne (1999). The Central and Eastern Europe Handbook. Taylor & Francis. p. 70. ISBN 978-1-57958-089-6.
  9. ↑ "Népszámlálás, 2021: nézzünk szét a "házunk tájékán"!". felvidek.ma. January 21, 2021.
  10. ↑ Roseann Duenas Gonzalez, Ildiko Melis (2001). Language Ideologies: Critical Perspectives on the Official English Movement. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. p. 302. ISBN 978-0-8058-4054-4.
  11. ↑ "2011 Census of Population, Households and Dwellings in the Republic of Serbia" (PDF). Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 August 2014.
  12. ↑ https://mek.oszk.hu/12300/12394/12394.pdf
  13. ↑ "Population at the beginning of 2002-2022 by detailed citizenship (Bevölkerung zu Jahresbeginn 2002-2022 nach detaillierter Staatsangehörigkei)". Statistics Austria. Archived from the original on 21 Feb 2022.
  14. ↑ "World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples - Croatia : Overview (2001 census data)". United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. July 2008. Retrieved 2009-03-16.
  15. ↑ "PeopleGroups.org - Hungarians of Slovenia". peoplegroups.org.
  16. ↑ Bureau, U.S. Census. "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2017-10-19.
  17. ↑ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (October 25, 2017). "Ethnic Origin (279), Single and Multiple Ethnic Origin Responses (3), Generation Status (4), Age (12) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data". www12.statcan.gc.ca.
  18. ↑ "Bevölkerung in Privathaushalten nach Migrationshintergrund im weiteren Sinn nach Geburtsstaat in Staatengruppen". Statistisches Bundesamt (in German). Retrieved 2022-02-04.
  19. ↑ "MAGYAR NEMZETISMERET". nemzetismeret.hu.
  20. ↑ "It has been officially recognized: far more Hungarians live in the United Kingdom than previously thought". portfolio.hu. 16 February 2020. Retrieved 1 March 2021.
  21. 1 2 3 4 Sándor, Joób (April 21, 2018). "Hány magyar dolgozik külföldön és hol?". index.hu.
  22. ↑ "Hungarians in France". Archived from the original on February 4, 2007.
  23. ↑ "PeopleGroups.org - Hungarians of France". peoplegroups.org.
  24. ↑ "Hungarians in Brazil". Archived from the original on September 22, 2007.
  25. ↑ Hungary, About (November 19, 2019). "Prime Minister Viktor Orbán's address at the 9th meeting of the Hungarian Diaspora Council". Prime Minister Viktor Orbán’s address at the 9th meeting of the Hungarian Diaspora Council.
  26. ↑ "Los obreros húngaros emigrados en América Latina entre las dos guerras mundiales. Ilona Varga" (PDF). webcache.googleusercontent.com.
  27. ↑ "Thursday Top Ten: Top Ten Countries With The Largest Hungarian Diaspora In The World". December 1, 2016.
  28. ↑ Befolkning efter födelseland och ursprungsland 31 december 2018
  29. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 "Immigrant and Emigrant Populations by Country of Origin and Destination". migrationpolicy.org. February 10, 2014.
  30. ↑ "Bevolking; geslacht, leeftijd, generatie en migratieachtergrond, 1 januari". CBS StatLine. Retrieved 2021-03-14.
  31. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "A diaszpóra tudományos megközelítése". Kőrösi Csoma Sándor program. July 3, 2015.
  32. 1 2 3 4 5 https://sefstat.sef.pt/Docs/Rifa2020.pdf
  33. ↑ "Hungarian in Bosnia-Herzegovina". joshuaproject.net.
  34. ↑ Ludność. Stan i struktura demograficzno-społeczna. Narodowy Spis Ludności i Mieszkań 2011 (National Census of Population and Housing 2011). GUS. 2013. p. 264.
  35. ↑ "Sefstat 2022" (PDF).
  36. ↑ "Acquisition of citizenship statistics". ec.europa.eu. Retrieved 2023-05-28.
  37. ↑ April 2018, Assel Satubaldina in People on 19 (April 19, 2018). "Hungarians, Kazakhs are almost relatives, says Hungarian cultural centre head".{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  38. 1 2 3 4 5 "Hungarian | Joshua Project". joshuaproject.net.
  39. ↑ "Foreign Citizens in the Philippines (Results from the 2010 Census)". psa.gov.ph. Philippine Statistics Authority. November 19, 2012. Retrieved April 7, 2021.
  40. ↑ Sain, Adrienn (December 20, 2015). "Hungarians in Vietnam – VIDEO". Daily News Hungary.
  41. ↑ Rogers Brubaker (2006). Nationalist Politics and Everyday Ethnicity in a Transylvanian Town. Princeton University Press. p. 328. ISBN 978-0-691-12834-4.
  42. ↑ Tristan James Mabry; John McGarry; Margaret Moore; Brendan O'Leary (30 May 2013). Divided Nations and European Integration. University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 112. ISBN 978-0-8122-4497-7.
  43. ↑ Mária M. Kovács, Judit Tóth, Country report: Hungary Archived 2018-08-30 at the Wayback Machine, Revised and updated April 2013, EUDO Citizenship Observatory, page 1 and 7
  44. ↑ Mária M. Kovács, Judit Tóth, Country report: Hungary Archived 2018-08-30 at the Wayback Machine, Revised and updated April 2013, EUDO Citizenship Observatory, page 11
  45. ↑ Mária M. Kovács, Judit Tóth, Country report: Hungary Archived 2018-08-30 at the Wayback Machine, Revised and updated April 2013, EUDO Citizenship Observatory, page 18
  46. ↑ Hungary and Romania. Flag wars, 21 Feb 2013, The Economist
  47. ↑ Open wound. Trianon remembered 93 years on Archived 2013-06-14 at the Wayback Machine, Budapest Times, 12 June 2013
  48. ↑ New double citizenship law does not change voting rights, EUobserver, 28.05.2010
  49. ↑ Dual citizenship at its logical conclusion. Policy Solutions’ analysis: A vote for lost Hungarians is a vote for the right Archived 2016-08-10 at the Wayback Machine, Budapest Times, 7 February 2011
  50. ↑ Slovaks retaliate over Hungarian citizenship law, BBC, 26 May 2010
  51. ↑ Romania backs Hungarian citizenship law, 18 October 2010, AFP text syndicated to eubusiness.com.
  52. ↑ her mother is a Hungarian immigrant."Drew Barrymore News and Trivias at CelebrityWonder.com". Archived from the original on 2006-12-08. Retrieved 2006-06-10. "She is half Hungarian on her mother's side" "Drews Mother - Jaid Barrymore (nee Ildiko Jaid Mako) [was] Born on 8 May 1946 in Brannenburg, West Germany in a camp for displaced persons. Jaids parents (Drew's grandparents) were Hungarian."
  53. ↑ Fox, Chloe (November 12, 2006). "The prime of Adrien Brody". London: Guardian Unlimited. Retrieved December 13, 2006.
  54. ↑ "The Brain Prize Winners 2017 - Lundbeckfonden - The Brain Prize". www.thebrainprize.org.
  55. ↑ "Ananova - Tony Curtis to promote Hungarian tourism". Archived from the original on 2007-04-30. Retrieved 2016-07-24. "Born Bernard Schwartz in 1925 to Jewish-Hungarian parents, Curtis grew up in New York’s matinee movie-palaces..."
  56. ↑ Vogel, Laura (May 27, 2007). "Louis C.K." New York Post. Archived from the original on December 8, 2012. Retrieved November 10, 2010.
  57. ↑ Rodney Dangerfield: A Lifetime of No Respect but Plenty of Sex and Drugs by Rodney Dangerfield "The whole family had come to America from Hungary when my mother was four. My mother's father--my grandfather--was almost never referred to in that house. Rumor has it he's still in Hungary--and still drinking."
  58. ↑ "BBC - Family History - WDYTYA? Series Two: Celebrity Gallery". www.bbc.co.uk.
  59. ↑ "Zsa Zsa Gabor born, Budapest Hungary. Though some sources say 1918, 1919, or 1920. 1936 Elected Miss Hungary."
  60. ↑ George de Hevesy: life and work : a biography, Hilde Levi, A. Hilger, 1985
  61. ↑ Weibel, Peter (2005). Beyond Art - A Third Culture : a Comparative Study in Cultures, Art, and Science in 20th Century Austria and Hungary. Springer. p. 350. ISBN 3-211-24562-6.
  62. ↑ Nicholas, Peter (September 21, 2009). "Chasing the king of chess". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on September 25, 2009. Retrieved September 21, 2009.
  63. ↑ Doran, p. 1
  64. ↑ Nathan Myhrvold, "John von Neumann". Time, March 21, 1999. Accessed September 5, 2010
  65. ↑ Naomi Pfefferman (2002-04-12). "The Days of Summer". Jewish Journal. Retrieved 2007-09-01.
  66. ↑ András Csillag, "Joseph Pulitzer's Roots in Europe: A Genealogical History," American Jewish Archives, Jan 1987, Vol. 39 Issue 1, pp 49–68
  67. ↑ Biography Archived 2012-09-06 at archive.today. GeneSimmons.com. Retrieved on February 1, 2011.
  68. ↑ "Jerry Seinfeld's Biography". Movies & TV Dept. The New York Times. 2008. Archived from the original on June 6, 2008. Retrieved July 18, 2010.
  69. ↑ Schmemann, Serge (15 May 2007). "Opinion - The New French President's Roots Are Worth Remembering". The New York Times.
  70. ↑ "The Brain Prize Winners 2017 - Lundbeckfonden - The Brain Prize". www.thebrainprize.org.
  71. ↑ Blumesberger, Susanne; et al. (2002). Handbuch österreichischer Autorinnen und Autoren jüdischer Herkunft. Vol. 1. K. G. Saur. ISBN 3-598-11545-8.
  72. ↑ Video in which Teller recalls his earliest memories.
  73. ↑ "Hungary's Orban courts diaspora for election boost". France 24. 28 March 2018. Retrieved 7 December 2021.
  74. ↑ "Viktor Orbán courts voters beyond 'fortress Hungary'". POLITICO. August 22, 2017.
  75. ↑ "Hungarians Outside EU Cast Votes for Fidesz". May 29, 2019.

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