This page is a list of topics in ancient philosophy.
A
Abas (sophist) - Abderites - Academic skepticism - Academy - Acatalepsy - Acrion - Active intellect - Actus et potentia - Acumenus - Adiaphora - Adrastus of Aphrodisias - Adrianus - Aedesia - Aedesius - Aeneas of Gaza - Aenesidemus - Aesara - Aeschines of Neapolis - Aether (classical element) - Aetius (philosopher) - Agapius of Athens - Agathobulus - Agathosthenes - Agrippa the Skeptic - Akrasia - Al-Khazini - Albinus (philosopher) - Alcinous (philosopher) - Alcmaeon of Croton - Alexamenus of Teos - Alexander of Aegae - Alexander of Aphrodisias - Alexandrian school - Alexicrates - Alexinus - Allegory of the Cave - Amafinius - Amelius - Amicus Plato, sed magis amica veritas - Ammonius Hermiae - Ammonius Saccas - Ammonius of Alexandria (Christian philosopher) - Ammonius of Athens - Amynomachus - Anacharsis - Analects - Analogy of the divided line - Anamnesis (philosophy) - Athanasius of Alexandria - Anaxagoras - Anaxarchus - Anaxilaus - Anaximander - Anaximenes of Miletus - Ancient commentators project - Ancient Egyptian philosophy - Ancient Greek philosophy - Ancient philosophy - Ancient Philosophy (journal) - Androcydes (Pythagorean) - Andronicus of Rhodes - Anima mundi (spirit) - Anniceris - Antigone (Sophocles) - Antiochus of Ascalon - Antipater of Cyrene - Antipater of Tarsus - Antiperistasis - Antiphon (person) - Antisthenes - Antoninus (philosopher) - Apatheia - Apeiron (cosmology) - Apodicticity - Apollodorus the Epicurean - Apollodorus of Seleucia - Apollonian and Dionysian - Apollonius Cronus - Apollonius of Tyre (philosopher) - Apology (Plato) - Apology (Xenophon) - Apology of Aristides - Aponia - Aporia - Aporime - Apuleius - Arab transmission of the Classics to the West - Arcesilaus - Arche - Archedemus of Tarsus - Archelaus (philosopher) - Archestratus (music theorist) - Archimedes - Archytas - Arete - Arete of Cyrene - Arignote - Arimneste - Aristides of Athens - Aristion - Aristippus - Aristippus the Younger - Aristo of Alexandria - Aristo of Ceos - Aristo of Chios - Aristobulus of Paneas - Aristoclea - Aristocles of Messene - Aristocreon - Aristonymus - Aristotelian ethics - Aristotelian physics - Aristotelian view of a god - Aristotelianism - Aristotle - Aristotle of Cyrene - Aristotle of Mytilene - Aristotle for Everybody - Aristotle the Dialectician - Aristotle's theory of universals - Aristotle's views on women - Aristotle's wheel paradox - Aristoxenus - Arius - Arius Didymus - Arnouphis - Arrian - Ars Poetica (Horace) - Asclepiades of Phlius - Asclepiades the Cynic - Asclepigenia - Asclepiodotus (philosopher) - Asclepiodotus of Alexandria - Asclepius of Tralles - Aspasius - Assertoric - Ataraxia - Athenaeus of Seleucia - Athenodoros Cordylion - Athenodorus of Soli - Attalus (Stoic) - Atticus (philosopher) - Titus Pomponius Atticus - Auctoritas - Augoeides - Augustine of Hippo - Aulus Egnatius Priscillianus - Axiochus (dialogue) - Axiothea of Phlius
B
Quintus Lucilius Balbus - Banausos - Barba non facit philosophum - Basilides (Stoic) - Basilides the Epicurean - Batis of Lampsacus - Becoming (philosophy) - Being - Bhagavad Gita - Bion of Borysthenes - Blossius - Boethius - Boethus of Sidon - Boethus of Sidon (Stoic) - Bolus of Mendes - Brontinus - Bryson of Achaea - Bryson of Heraclea
C
Calcidius - Calippus of Syracuse - Callicles - Calliphon - Calliphon of Croton - Callippus - Callistratus (sophist) - Athenodoros Cananites - Cappadocian Fathers - Cardinal virtues - Carneades - Carneiscus - Cassius Longinus (philosopher) - Categoriae decem - Categories (Aristotle) - Catius - Cato Maior de Senectute - Cato the Elder - Cato the Younger - Cebes - Celestial spheres - Celsus - Cercidas - Cercops - Chaeremon of Alexandria - Chaerephon - Chaeron of Pellene - Chaldean Oracles - Chamaeleon (philosopher) - Chanakya - Chandragomin - Chance (Ancient Greek concept) - Chariot Allegory - Charmadas - Charmides (dialogue) - Chion of Heraclea - Choricius of Gaza - Chrysanthius - Chrysippus - Chunyu Kun - Cicero - City of God (book) - Classical theism - Classics - Cleanthes - Clearchus of Soli - Cleinias of Tarentum - Clement of Alexandria - Cleobulus - Cleomedes - Cleomenes the Cynic - Clinamen - Clinomachus - Clitophon (dialogue) - Colotes - Commentaria in Aristotelem Graeca - Commentaries on Aristotle - Commentaries on Plato - Confucius - Consolatio Literary Genre - Constitution of the Athenians - Contra Celsum - Coriscus of Scepsis - Lucius Annaeus Cornutus - Corpus Aristotelicum - Theognostus of Alexandria - Theophilos Corydalleus - Theosophy (history of philosophy) - Crantor - Crates of Athens - Crates of Mallus - Crates of Thebes - Cratippus of Pergamon - Cratylism - Cratylus - Cratylus (dialogue) - Crescens the Cynic - Crinis - Critias (dialogue) - Crito - Critolaus - Cronius the Pythagorean - Cultural influence of Plato's Republic - Cyclic history - Cynic - Cynic epistles - Cyrenaics - Cyropaedia
D
Daemon (classical mythology) - Damascius - Damis - Damo (philosopher) - Dardanus of Athens - David (commentator) - De Brevitate Vitae (Seneca) - De Coelesti Hierarchia - De Divinatione - De Interpretatione - De Providentia - De Vita Beata - De Legibus - De Mysteriis Aegyptiorum - De Natura Deorum - De Officiis - De finibus bonorum et malorum - De re publica - De rerum natura - Decline of Greco-Roman polytheism - Demetrius Lacon - Demetrius of Phalerum - Demetrius of Amphipolis - Demetrius the Cynic - Demiurge - Democrates - Democritus - Demodocus (dialogue) - Demonax - Derveni papyrus - Dexippus (philosopher) - Diagoras of Melos - Diairesis - Dialogue of Pessimism - Dianoia - Dicaearchus - Dictum de omni et nullo - Dignitas (Roman concept) - Dio Chrysostom - Dio of Alexandria - Diocles of Cnidus - Diodorus Cronus - Diodorus of Adramyttium - Diodorus of Aspendus - Diodorus of Tyre - Diodotus the Stoic - Diogenes of Apollonia - Diogenes of Babylon - Diogenes Laërtius - Diogenes of Oenoanda - Diogenes of Seleucia (Epicurean) - Diogenes of Sinope - Diogenes of Tarsus - Dionysius of Cyrene - Dionysius the Renegade - Dionysius of Chalcedon - Dionysius of Lamptrai - Diotima of Mantinea - Diotimus the Stoic - Disciples of Confucius - Disciples of Plotinus - Discourses of Epictetus - Dissoi logoi - Divine apathy - Domninus of Larissa - Doxa - Doxography - Dulce et decorum est pro patria mori - Dunamis - Dyad (Greek philosophy) - Dynamics of the celestial spheres
E
Early life of Plato - Echecrates - Economics (Aristotle) - Ecphantus the Pythagorean - Eikasia - Ekpyrôsis - Eleatics - Elias (commentator) - Ellopion of Peparethus - Emanationism - Empedocles - Enchiridion of Epictetus - Endoxa - Energeia - Ephesian school - Epicharmus of Kos - Epictetus - Epicureanism - Epicurus - Epilogism - Epimenides - Epimenides paradox - Epinomis - Episteme - Epistles (Plato) - Epistulae morales ad Lucilium - Epoché - Erastus of Scepsis - Eratosthenes - Eretrian school - Eryxias (dialogue) - Essence - Eternity of the world - Euaeon of Lampsacus - Eubulides - Eubulus (banker) - Euclid - Euclid of Megara - Eudaimonia - Eudemian Ethics - Eudemus of Rhodes - Eudorus of Alexandria - Eudoxus of Cnidus - Euenus - Euhemerus - Euphantus - Euphraeus - Euphrates the Stoic - Eupraxis - Eurytus (Pythagorean) - Eusebius of Myndus - Eustathius of Cappadocia - Euthydemus (dialogue) - Euthymia (philosophy) - Euthyphro - Euthyphro dilemma - Evander (philosopher) - Evenus of Paros
F
Favorinus - Han Fei - Fifth Letter (Plato) - First Alcibiades - First Letter (Plato) - Form of the Good - Four causes - Michael Frede - Free will in antiquity
G
Gaius Marius Victorinus - Gaius the Platonist - Galen - Galenic corpus - Gaozi - Gargi Vachaknavi - Gaudapada - Geminus - Generation of Animals - Genshin - Ghosha - Glaucon - Glossary of Stoic terms - Gnaeus Claudius Severus - Gnaeus Claudius Severus Arabianus - Gnosiology - Golden mean (philosophy) - Gongsun Long - Gorgias - Gorgias (dialogue) - Gravitas - Great Year - Greek hero cult - Gregory of Nyssa - Gymnosophists
H
Hagnon of Tarsus - Halcyon (dialogue) - Han Feizi - Han Yu - Hecataeus of Abdera - Hecato of Rhodes - Hedone - Hegesias of Cyrene - Hegesias of Magnesia - Hegesinus of Pergamon - Hegias - Heliodorus (philosopher) - Heliodorus of Alexandria - Hellenistic philosophy - Hellenistic philosophy and Christianity - Helvidius Priscus - Henology - Henosis - Heraclides Lembus - Heraclides of Aenus - Heraclides Ponticus - Heraclitus - Heraclius the Cynic - Herillus - Hermagoras of Amphipolis - Hermarchus - Hermetica - Hermeticism - Hermias (philosopher) - Hermias of Atarneus - Herminus - Hermippus of Smyrna - Hermocrates (dialogue) - Hermodorus - Hermogenes (philosopher) - Hermotimus of Clazomenae - Hesiod - Hestiaeus of Perinthus - Hexis - Hicetas - Hierius - Hiero (Xenophon) - Hierocles (Stoic) - Hierocles of Alexandria - Hieronymus of Rhodes - Himerius - Hipparchia of Maroneia - Hipparchus (dialogue) - Hippasus - Hippias - Hippias Major - Hippias Minor - Hippo (philosopher) - Hippocrates - Hippocratic Oath - History of Animals - History of ethics in Ancient Greece - Homer - Homonoia - Horror vacui (physics) - Horus (athlete) - Humanitas - Hyle - Hylomorphism - Hypatia - Hypostasis (Neoplatonism) - Hypostasis (philosophy)
I
I know that I know nothing - I Ching - Iamblichus - Ichthyas - Idios kosmos - Idomeneus of Lampsacus - Illustrius Pusaeus - Inherence - Intellectualism - Intellectual virtue - Intelligible form - Introduction to Arithmetic - Ion (dialogue) - Ion of Chios - Ionian Enlightenment - Ionian School (philosophy) - Isagoge - Isidore of Alexandria - Isocrates - Isonomia
J
Jason of Nysa - Javelin argument - Jayarāśi Bhaṭṭa - Julian the Apostate - Junius Rusticus - Justin Martyr
K
Kalos kagathos - Katalepsis - Kathekon - Kenoma - Khôra - Kitāb al-Hayawān (Aristotle) - Clitomachus (philosopher) - Know thyself - Kūkai - Kumārila Bhaṭṭa - Kyklos
L
Laches (dialogue) - Lacydes of Cyrene - Laelius de Amicitia - Laozi - Lastheneia of Mantinea - Law of contraries - Law of excluded middle - Law of identity - Laws (dialogue) - Lazy argument - Legalism (Chinese philosophy) - Leonteus of Lampsacus - Leontion - Leucippus - Lexis (Aristotle) - Liber de Causis - Liezi - Life of Apollonius of Tyana - Linji school - List of Cynic philosophers - List of Epicurean philosophers - List of speakers in Plato's dialogues - List of Stoic philosophers - List of ancient Greek philosophers - List of ancient Platonists - List of philosophers born in the centuries BC - List of works by Lucian - List of writers influenced by Aristotle - Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers - Logos - Longinus (literature) - Lopamudra - Ocellus Lucanus - Lucian - Lucretius - Lyceum - Lyceum (classical) - Lyco of Iasos - Lyco of Troas - Lycophron (Sophist) - Lysis (dialogue) - Lysis of Taras
M
Ambrosius Theodosius Macrobius - Macrocosm and microcosm - Magna Moralia - Magnanimity - Mahavira - Maieutics - Maitreyi - Malakia - Proclus Mallotes - Marcus Aurelius - Marcus Favonius - Marinus of Neapolis - Material monism - Material substratum - Maximus of Ephesus - Maximus of Tyre - Claudius Maximus - Mazdak - Mechanics (Aristotle) - Meditations - Megalothymia and Isothymia - Megarian school - Meleager of Gadara - Meletus - Melissus of Samos - Memorabilia (Xenophon) - Mencius - Mencius (book) - Menedemus - Menedemus of Pyrrha - Menedemus the Cynic - Menexenus (dialogue) - Menippus - Meno - Meno's slave - Messius Phoebus Severus - Metakosmia - Metaphor of the sun - Metaphysics (Aristotle) - Metaxy - Metempsychosis - Meteorology (Aristotle) - Metrocles - Metrodorus of Athens - Metrodorus of Chios - Metrodorus of Cos - Metrodorus of Lampsacus (the elder) - Metrodorus of Lampsacus (the younger) - Metrodorus of Stratonicea - Middle Platonism - Milesian school - Mimesis - Mind's eye - Minos (dialogue) - Mnason of Phocis - Mnesarchus of Athens - Mochus - Moderatus of Gades - Mohism - Monad (Greek philosophy) - Monimus - Monogenēs - Moral status of animals in the ancient world - Movement of Animals - Mozi - Musica universalis - Myia - Myson of Chenae - Mystical philosophy of antiquity - Myth of Er - Mythos (Aristotle)
N
Nagarjuna - Natural slavery - Naturales quaestiones - Nausiphanes - Neleus of Scepsis - Nemesius - Neoplatonism - Neoplatonism and Christianity - Neoplatonism and Gnosticism - Neopythagoreanism - Nicarete of Megara - Nicolaus of Damascus - Nicomachean Ethics - Nicomachus - Nicomachus (son of Aristotle) - Nigidius Figulus - Ninth Letter (Plato) - Non-Aristotelian logic - Nous - Numenius of Apamea - Nyaya - Nymphidianus of Smyrna
O
Oeconomicus - Oenomaus of Gadara - Olympiodorus the Elder - Olympiodorus the Younger - On Divination in Sleep - On Dreams - On Generation and Corruption - On Indivisible Lines - On Length and Shortness of Life - On Marvellous Things Heard - On Melissus, Xenophanes, and Gorgias - On Memory - On Nature (Anaximander) - On Nature (Heraclitus) - On Nature (Epicurus) - On Nature (Parmenides) - On Nature (Empedocles) - On Plants - On Sleep - On the Heavens - On the Soul - On the Universe - On Things Heard - On Virtues and Vices - On Youth, Old Age, Life and Death, and Respiration - Onasander - Onesicritus - Onatas (philosopher) - Organic unity - Organon - Origen - Origen the Pagan - Orphism (religion) - Orthotes - Ousia - Gwilym Ellis Lane Owen
P
Paconius Agrippinus - Paired opposites - Palingenesis - Pamprepius - Panaetius - Pancrates of Athens - Panthoides - Paradox of the Court - Parmenides - Parrhesia - Parts of Animals - Pasicles of Thebes - Passive intellect - Patañjali - Pathos - Patro the Epicurean - Paulus Persa - Pelagius - Peregrinus Proteus - Perictione - Peripatetic school - Peritrope - Persaeus - Personal life of Marcus Tullius Cicero - Peter the Iberian - Phaedo - Phaedo of Elis - Phaedrus the Epicurean - Phaleas of Chalcedon - Phanias of Eresus - Phanto of Phlius - Pherecydes of Syros - Philebus - Philia - Philip of Opus - Philiscus of Aegina - Philiscus of Thessaly - Philistus - Philo - Philo the Dialectician - Philo of Larissa - Philo's Works - Philo's view of God - Philodemus - Philolaus - Philonides of Laodicea - John Philoponus - Philosopher king - Philostratus - Phintys - Phronesis - Physics (Aristotle) - Physiognomonics - Physis - Pietas (virtue) - Plank of Carneades - Plato - Plato's five regimes - Plato's four cardinal virtues - Plato's number - Plato's tripartite theory of soul - Platonic Academy - Platonic epistemology - Platonic idealism - Platonic love - Platonic realism - Platonism - Pleonexia - Pleroma - Pliny the Younger - Pliny the Elder - Plotinus - Pluralist school - Plutarch - Plutarch of Athens - Pneuma (Stoic) - Poetics (Aristotle) - Polemarchus - Polemon (scholarch) - Polemon of Athens - Polemon of Laodicea - Politeia - Politics (Aristotle) - Polity (Aristotle) - Polus - Polyaenus of Lampsacus - Polystratus the Epicurean - Porphyrian tree - Porphyry (philosopher) - Posidonius - Posterior Analytics - Potamo of Alexandria - Potentiality and actuality - Practical syllogism - Praxiphanes - Pre-Socratic philosophy - Primum movens - Principle of contradiction - Prior Analytics - Priscian of Lydia - Priscus of Epirus - Problems (Aristotle) - Proclus - Prodicus - Progression of Animals - Prohairesis - Protagoras - Protagoras (dialogue) - Proxenus of Atarneus - Pseudo-Aristotle - Pseudo-Demikristo - Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite - Pseudo-Plutarch - Ptolemy-el-Garib - Publius Clodius Thrasea Paetus - Publius Egnatius Celer - Pyrrho - Pyrrhonism - Pythagoras - Pythagoreanism - Python of Aenus
Q
R
Rabirius (Epicurean) - Rational animal - Rhetoric (Aristotle) - Rhetoric to Alexander - Ring of Gyges - Rival Lovers - Rota Fortunae - Gaius Musonius Rufus
S
Sage (Sophos) - Sallustius of Emesa - Samkhyakarika - Satyrus the Peripatetic - Scholarch - School of Names - Scythianus - Second Alcibiades - Second Letter (Plato) - Secundus the Silent - Seneca the Younger - Seneca's Consolations - Sense and Sensibilia (Aristotle) - Sensus communis - Seven Sages of Greece - Seventh Letter (Plato) - Quintus Sextius - Sextus Empiricus - Sextus of Chaeronea - Ship of state - Ship of Theseus - Prince Shōtoku - Simmias of Syracuse - Simmias of Thebes - Simon the Shoemaker - Simplicius of Cilicia - Siro the Epicurean - Sisyphus (dialogue) - Socrates - Socratic dialogue - Socratic method - Socratic paradox - Socratic problem - Socratici viri - Aeschines of Sphettus - Somnium Scipionis - Sopater of Apamea - Sophia (wisdom) - Sophism - Sophist (dialogue) - Sophistical Refutations - Sophos kagathos - Sophrosyne - Sosigenes the Peripatetic - Sosipatra - Sotades - Sotion (Pythagorean) - Species (metaphysics) - Speusippus - Sphaerus - Square of opposition - Statesman (dialogue) - Stephanus pagination - Stilpo - Stoa Poikile - Stoic categories - Stoic passions - Stoic physics - Stoicism - Stoicorum Veterum Fragmenta - Strato of Lampsacus - Structure of Plato's Republic - Substance theory - Substantial form - Successions of Philosophers - Sun Tzu - Symposium (Plato) - Symposium (Xenophon) - Synoecism - Syrianus
T
Table of Opposites - Tacitean studies - Tao Te Ching - Techne - Telauges - Telecles - Teles of Megara - Telos (philosophy) - Tenth Letter (Plato) - Terebinthus - Term logic - Terpsion - Tertullian - Tetractys - Tetrad (Greek philosophy) - Tetrapharmakos - Thales - The Art of War - The Golden Ass - The golden verses of Pythagoras - The Republic (Plato) - The Republic (Zeno) - The Situations and Names of Winds - The Theology of Aristotle - The True Word - Theaetetus (dialogue) - Theagenes of Patras - Theages - Theano (philosopher) - Theia mania - Themista of Lampsacus - Themistius - Theodorus of Asine - Theodorus of Byzantium - Theodorus the Atheist - Theon of Smyrna - Theophrastus - Theory of Forms - Theurgy - Third man argument - Thirteen Classics - Thrasymachus - Thrasymachus of Corinth - Thucydides - Thumos - Timaeus (dialogue) - Timaeus the Sophist - Timaeus of Locri - Timocrates of Lampsacus - Timolaus of Cyzicus - Timon of Phlius - Timycha - Tirukkuṛaḷ - Tiruvalluvar - Titus Albucius - Topics (Aristotle) - Topus Uranus - Tractatus coislinianus - Transmigration of the soul - Triad (Greek philosophy) - Trial of Socrates - Tusculanae Disputationes - Twelfth Letter (Plato) - Apollonius of Tyana - Antipater of Tyre
U
Udyotakara - Unit-point atomism - Unmoved mover - Upanishads
V
W
X
Xenarchus of Seleucia - Xeniades - Xenocrates - Xenophanes - Xenophilus - Xenophon - Ximen Bao - Xun Zi
Y
Z
Zeno of Citium - Zeno of Elea - Zeno of Sidon - Zeno of Tarsus - Zeno's paradoxes - Zenobius - Zenodotus (philosopher) - Zhuang Zhou - Zhuangzi (book) - Zoilus - Zoroaster - Zou Yan