KTNV-TV
Inside a rounded rectangle, a white numeral 13. The digit 1 divides the rectangle into red on the left and blue on the right. To the left of the 1, slightly overlapping outside the rectangle, is the ABC network logo, a black disk with the lowercase letters "a b c".
Channels
BrandingChannel 13; Channel 13 News
Programming
Affiliations
Ownership
Owner
KMCC
History
First air date
May 4, 1956 (1956-05-04)
Former call signs
  • KSHO-TV (1956–1980)
  • KTNV-TV (1980–1988)
  • KTNV (1988–2009)
Former channel number(s)
  • Analog: 13 (VHF, 1956–2009)
  • Digital: 12 (VHF, 2002–2009)
Independent (1956–1957)
Call sign meaning
"Television Nevada"[3]
Technical information[4]
Licensing authority
FCC
Facility ID74100
ERP
  • 30.5 kW
  • 107 kW (CP)
  • 1,000 kW (app)[1]
HAAT
  • 606 m (1,988 ft)
  • 605 m (1,985 ft) (CP)
  • 606 m (1,988 ft) (app)[1]
Transmitter coordinates35°56′44.7″N 115°2′37.6″W / 35.945750°N 115.043778°W / 35.945750; -115.043778
Links
Public license information
Websitewww.ktnv.com

KTNV-TV (channel 13) is a television station in Las Vegas, Nevada, United States, affiliated with ABC. It is owned by the E. W. Scripps Company alongside Laughlin-licensed independent station KMCC (channel 34). The two stations share studios on South Valley View Boulevard in the nearby unincorporated community of Paradise (though with a Las Vegas mailing address); KTNV-TV's transmitter is located atop Mount Arden in Henderson.

Channel 13 was the third station to be activated in Southern Nevada, beginning broadcasting in May 1956 as KSHO-TV. The station originally operated on a 24-hour basis, unique for the time, with a rotating schedule of movies and minimal news coverage; it remained an independent station until affiliating with ABC in December 1957. Amid financial difficulties, multiple stock sales and ownership transfers occurred from 1957 until 1961, when the licensee, Television Company of America, declared bankruptcy, and a receiver was appointed. In 1963, the Federal Communications Commission opened an investigation into an unauthorized transfer of control of the station, which resulted in a decision to deny renewal of its broadcast license. KSHO-TV continued to operate on an interim basis while seven applicants fought for the permanent license; Talmac, Inc., owned the station from then until 1972, followed by Arthur Powell Williams.

The Journal Company acquired KSHO-TV in 1979 and relaunched it as KTNV-TV in March 1980. Journal made technical investments at the station, and the news department also grew, but KTNV-TV has not been able to substantially rise from third place in the market despite several overhauls and tweaks to the station's newscasts. Scripps acquired Journal, including KTNV, in 2015.

History

Channel 13 in Las Vegas was first applied for in 1951 by the Desert Television Company, a consortium of local businessmen associated with local radio station KRAM, which was in turn sold to Huntridge Theaters in 1952.[5] Another application was filed by the Western Television Company,[6] but while Western withdrew its application in February 1954 and left Desert Television unopposed,[7] a Federal Communications Commission (FCC) hearing examiner denied the application because the group failed to prove its financial qualifications.[8]

Early years

On September 28, 1955, Moritz Zenoff, owner of radio station KBMI in nearby Henderson as well as the Boulder City News and Henderson Home News, was granted a construction permit to build channel 13 in Las Vegas.[9] Zenoff built the station and signed on KSHO-TV on May 4, 1956. It was an independent station with a 24-hour schedule—possibly the only one at that time[10]—consisting of four rotating six-hour movie blocks, interrupted in the evening for brief five-minute news breaks that were the station's only local programming.[11] The studios were located in the Fremont Hotel and Casino, from which the station broadcast with a mere 250 watts of power; low-budget advertisements were a major draw, as was a classified advertising feature aired throughout the day.[10][12][11] KSHO-TV was built for $70,000, a fraction of the cost of most new-build TV stations, and run by just two technical employees per shift, but its low-cost programming made the small operation profitable.[10]

Zenoff sold the station and KBMI radio to the Television Company of America (TCA) in September 1956, four months after putting it on the air. TCA was owned by a number of TV and radio investors in the western United States, including Albert Zugsmith.[13] It was the second attempt to sell the station that year after a previous application to sell the outlet to Wilbur Clark, developer and owner of the Desert Inn, was withdrawn.[14] Stock in Television Company of America changed hands multiple times in the late 1950s. In March 1957, Morton Sidley and Ira Laufer, both radio executives in Los Angeles, bought stock in TCA,[15] as did Nathan and Merv Adelson and Irwin Molasky.[16]

That fall, the station relocated to El Rancho Vegas and applied to increase its power,[17] and on December 15, it became an ABC affiliate, the 81st primary outlet of the network nationally.[18] However, financial trouble and continued ownership turnover remained as hallmarks. In February 1959, the sale of the station to Rube Jolley, the founder of KLAS-TV, was announced.[19] The FCC granted the $137,500 purchase of TCA stock by Jolley's company, the Nevada Broadcasters Fund, in November.[20] Jolley was president but did not own any of the stock; among the notable stockholders was Howard D. Johnson, owner of radio and television interests in Idaho and Utah.[21] The Television Company of America, meanwhile, had to obtain a court order to prevent it from being evicted from El Rancho Vegas.[22]

License revocation and re-award

Television Company of America filed for bankruptcy protection in May 1961, and it asked for permission to transfer the license to a court-appointed receiver.[23] However, in March 1963, the FCC instead designated its license renewal as well as a proposed transfer of the license to Arthur Powell Williams, a businessman from Los Angeles, for hearing. The commission ordered the hearings over complications in ownership.[24] The FCC alleged that, over two years of what Variety called "financial gamesmanship", ownership had passed from Television Company of America to Nevada Broadcasters' Fund to a company controlled by Johnson, who advanced funds to keep the station in business; that there was an unauthorized contract for a transfer of control to Johnson; and that Nevada Broadcasters' Fund had disclosed in stock sales that it acquired control of KSHO-TV before even filing the application with the FCC, which must approve all transfers of control of radio and television stations.[16] Hearings were held in Las Vegas before an FCC examiner over the various unauthorized transfers and attempts to solicit public investment.[25] KSHO-TV's weakened position also was revealed by testimony in a concurrent FCC battle over the licensing of channel 4 in Boulder City, wherein applicants for that station—including KSHO-TV's station manager—were found to have discussed how to seek a network affiliation and "what part Channel 13 would play if it became dead".[26]

FCC hearing examiner Millard French handed down an initial decision in November 1964 against the license renewal and proposed transfers of control to Williams, citing Nevada Broadcasters' Fund's "misrepresentations and statements that were calculated to deceive", that stakeholders were selling stock they no longer owned, and that Johnson's company, KBLI Inc., attempted to raise stock only to be told by the securities commissioner in Idaho that it could not invest any of the money it raised outside the state.[27] In July 1965, the FCC ruled against Television Company of America.[28] It represented the first time the commission had denied renewal of a television license at hearing; even though the FCC held that some innocent creditors and others would be punished, it rebuked the "most incredibly lax manner" in which KSHO-TV was operated and noted that concealing the Johnson ownership interest was "outstanding and willful".[29]

Arthur Powell Williams lodged an appeal, noting that the commission found him to be of "blameless character".[30] However, a federal appeals court upheld the commission's action in June 1966,[31] and the Supreme Court refused to take up the case in February 1967.[32]

Talmac and Williams ownership

On June 9, 1967, KSHO-TV's operating authority expired; the same day, the FCC granted interim operating authority to a group consisting of five of the seven applicants seeking to operate the station on a permanent basis.[33] Channel 13 of Las Vegas, Inc., consisted of five of the groups: Williams, Desert Broadcasting Corporation, Ettlinger Broadcasting, Clark County Communications, and Talmac, Inc. The other two, not part of the interim operator, were Lotus Television of Las Vegas and Diller Broadcasting Corporation, owned by Phyllis Diller.[34]

The application of Talmac, Inc., attracted the most immediate attention because it had ripple effects in Carson City. Alan Abner, one of Talmac's principals, sat on the Nevada Gaming Control Board, and conflict-of-interest questions prompted him to tender his resignation.[35] Two gamblers—whose business Abner regulated on the Gaming Control Board—were stakeholders in competing applicant Clark County Communications, thus the issue.[36] Even during the interim operation period, KSHO-TV moved into its present Valley View Drive studios in 1968 and simultaneously began high-power broadcasting for the first time in its history.[37]

The seven applicants reached a settlement in April 1969, with Talmac being named the winner of permanent authority to operate KSHO-TV and some of Ettlinger Broadcasting's principals buying stakes in Talmac.[38] Arthur Powell Williams—the same man who was to have bought the station a decade earlier—filed to acquire KSHO-TV from Talmac in April 1971, a transaction approved by the FCC in January 1972.[39]

Journal and Scripps ownership

In 1979, The Journal Company purchased KSHO-TV from Williams, adding its first television station outside of the state of Wisconsin.[40] The move came at a time when The Journal Company wanted to diversify in order to relieve antitrust pressures on its combination of a newspaper, AM and FM radio stations, and a television station in Milwaukee.[41] A total overhaul was necessary at channel 13, which had become the fourth-rated station locally even though it was affiliated with ABC, then the top network nationally. The general manager of KLAS-TV noted that the syndicated early evening offerings of independent KVVU-TV had provided stiffer competition for their newscasts than KSHO-TV's news offerings.[42] The result was a total image overhaul, including new KTNV-TV call letters on March 2, 1980.[3] Journal also invested in new live mobile reporting equipment and moved the transmitter to Black Mountain;[42] in 1985, KTNV was the first Las Vegas-area station to broadcast in stereo.[43]

On July 30, 2014, it was announced that the E. W. Scripps Company would buy Journal Communications in an all-stock transaction. Scripps would retain the two companies' broadcast properties, including KTNV, and spin off its print properties as part of Journal Media Group.[44] The FCC approved the deal on December 12, 2014. It was approved by shareholders on March 11, 2015. The merger was completed on April 1, 2015.[45][46]

Scripps acquired Ion Media and most of its stations, including KMCC (channel 34) in the Las Vegas market, in 2020.[47] As part of its acquisition of broadcast rights to local Vegas Golden Knights hockey games, Scripps announced on May 4, 2023, that Ion programming would relocate and KMCC would become an independent station featuring the Golden Knights and newscasts from KTNV.[48]

Local programming

News operation

As KSHO-TV, the station aired local news programming, though it rarely found much ratings success. When Journal took over, the main early evening newscast was moved from 6 to 5:30 p.m. to avoid direct competition with KLAS-TV, which commanded half of all TV viewership at the 6 p.m. hour in February 1980.[49][50] The station was lifted into second place for a time but had sunk back down to third by 1989; in the Las Vegas Review-Journal, Ken White described the newsroom as having "more news directors hired and fired the last few years than managers for the New York Yankees".[51] In 1989, the station launched its first morning newscast, Good Morning Las Vegas.[52]

Much of the station's history in news has been spent making attempts to improve the ratings and move the station up from third place. In 1992, the station rebranded its newscasts as News 13: Inside Las Vegas, including an image overhaul.[53] Another shakeup was made in late 2001, two years before the Action News brand was instituted.[54]

In 2014, Journal was fined $115,000 by the FCC for airing so-called "special reports" about liquidations at car dealerships that were actually commercials for the dealerships, failing to disclose that they were paid advertisements.[55] This was the second ethics problem for the KTNV newsroom within five years. In 2009, reporter Nina Radetich was recorded telling the owner of an automotive repair business that her boyfriend's public relations company could help counter the negative press being generated by KTNV's own reporting.[56]

Morning Blend

In 2010, following the lead of several other Journal stations, KTNV launched a lifestyle-oriented program, The Morning Blend, on July 6, 2010. The program, produced by KTNV's creative services department, features advertorial segments.[57]

Notable former on-air staff

Technical information

Subchannels

The station's digital signal is multiplexed:

Subchannels of KTNV-TV[61]
Channel Res. Aspect Short name Programming
13.1 720p16:9KTNV-HDMain KTNV-TV programming / ABC
13.2 480iLAFFLaff
13.3 GRITGrit
13.4 HSNHSN
13.5 ShopLCShop LC
33.1 1080i16:9TheCWLVThe CW (KVCW)
  Broadcast on behalf of another station

KTNV-TV is a participating station in Las Vegas's ATSC 3.0 (NextGen TV) deployment on KVCW and in turn hosts that station's main subchannel in 1.0 format.[62]

Analog-to-digital conversion

KTNV-TV shut down its analog signal, over VHF channel 13, on June 12, 2009, the official date on which full-power television stations in the United States transitioned from analog to digital broadcasts under federal mandate. The station's digital signal relocated from its pre-transition VHF channel 12 to channel 13 for post-transition operations.[63] In 2021, Scripps filed to move KTNV-TV from the VHF band on channel 13 to the UHF band on channel 26.[1]

Translators

KTNV-TV's signal is additionally rebroadcast over the following translators:[64]

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 "Channel Substitution/Community of License Change". Licensing and Management System. Federal Communications Commission. May 12, 2021. Archived from the original on May 12, 2021. Retrieved May 12, 2021.
  2. ↑ "Report & Order" (PDF). Media Bureau, Federal Communications Commission. October 18, 2023. Retrieved October 19, 2023.
  3. 1 2 "Good Morning (advertisement)". Las Vegas Review-Journal. March 2, 1980. p. 6E. Archived from the original on December 25, 2022. Retrieved December 25, 2022.
  4. ↑ "Facility Technical Data for KTNV-TV". Licensing and Management System. Federal Communications Commission.
  5. ↑ "Buys KRAM, TV Firm Control: Theatre Owners Enter New Field". Las Vegas Morning Review-Journal. February 29, 1952. p. 1. Archived from the original on January 10, 2023. Retrieved December 25, 2022.
  6. ↑ "Clear Status Of Television For Las Vegas". Las Vegas Review-Journal. March 8, 1953. pp. 1, 3. Archived from the original on December 25, 2022. Retrieved December 25, 2022.
  7. ↑ "Dismiss Western TV Application". Las Vegas Morning Review-Journal. United Press. March 3, 1954. p. 1. Archived from the original on January 10, 2023. Retrieved December 25, 2022.
  8. ↑ "Desert TV Plea For Channel 13 May Be Denied". Las Vegas Review-Journal. United Press. p. 2. Archived from the original on December 25, 2022. Retrieved December 25, 2022.
  9. ↑ "Philadelphia, Las Vegas Tv Permits Granted by FCC" (PDF). Broadcasting. October 3, 1955. p. 78. ProQuest 1285733033. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 6, 2022. Retrieved December 25, 2022.
  10. 1 2 3 "Station Programming: Unique Program Set-Up Puts Low-Budget Outlet in Black". The Billboard. July 21, 1956. p. 4. ProQuest 1040113490.
  11. 1 2 "Hottest Buy in Vegas: TV Spot". Variety. May 16, 1956. p. 27. ProQuest 963032941.
  12. ↑ "Channel 13 Begins Friday Night". Las Vegas Review-Journal. May 3, 1956. p. 3. Archived from the original on December 25, 2022. Retrieved December 25, 2022.
  13. ↑ "TV Co. of America Buys Two Stations". The Hollywood Reporter. September 21, 1956. p. 12. ProQuest 2338316028.
  14. ↑ "Tv Corp. of America Adds Two More Buys" (PDF). Broadcasting. September 24, 1956. p. 104. ProQuest 1285733163. Archived (PDF) from the original on November 8, 2021. Retrieved December 25, 2022.
  15. ↑ "Sidley, Laufer Get Stock in 2 Las Vegas Stations". The Hollywood Reporter. March 20, 1957. p. 14. ProQuest 2338219749.
  16. 1 2 "Vegas TV License: A Crap Game". Variety. March 20, 1963. p. 35, 56. ProQuest 1017097945.
  17. ↑ "KSHO Applies For Change of Location, Power". Las Vegas Review-Journal. September 10, 1957. p. 3. Archived from the original on December 26, 2022. Retrieved December 25, 2022.
  18. ↑ "KSHO-TV Joins ABC-TV" (PDF). Broadcasting. December 16, 1957. p. 10. ProQuest 1285737914. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 7, 2022. Retrieved December 25, 2022.
  19. ↑ "Rube Jolley Purchases KSHO-TV For Half Million". Las Vegas Review-Journal. February 10, 1959. p. 1. Archived from the original on January 10, 2023. Retrieved December 25, 2022.
  20. ↑ "For the Record" (PDF). Broadcasting. November 16, 1959. p. 112. ProQuest 1014445834. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 6, 2022. Retrieved December 25, 2022.
  21. ↑ "Changing hands" (PDF). Broadcasting. October 26, 1959. p. 76. ProQuest 963312131. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 6, 2022. Retrieved December 25, 2022.
  22. ↑ "TV Station in Court Order at Katleman". Las Vegas Review-Journal. September 28, 1959. p. 1. Archived from the original on January 10, 2023. Retrieved December 25, 2022.
  23. ↑ "Legal Notice". Las Vegas Review-Journal. July 28, 1962. p. 9. Archived from the original on December 25, 2022. Retrieved December 25, 2022.
  24. ↑ "Who owns KSHO-TV? FCC wants to find out" (PDF). Broadcasting. March 18, 1963. p. 66. ProQuest 1014485740. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 6, 2022. Retrieved December 25, 2022.
  25. ↑ Kent, Gordon (January 16, 1964). "FCC Investigates KSHO-TV Operations at LV Hearing: Broadcast License Is At Stake". Las Vegas Review-Journal. p. 11. Archived from the original on December 25, 2022. Retrieved December 25, 2022.
  26. ↑ "Local Video Cut Up Scheme Bared During FCC Session: KSHO-TV Manager Involved". Las Vegas Review-Journal. April 9, 1965. p. 13. Archived from the original on December 25, 2022. Retrieved December 25, 2022.
  27. ↑ "Examiner against KSHO-TV bids" (PDF). Broadcasting. November 16, 1964. pp. 120–121. ProQuest 1014476331. Archived (PDF) from the original on November 8, 2021. Retrieved December 25, 2022.
  28. ↑ "FCC Refuses to License Vegas Television Station". Las Vegas Review-Journal. July 30, 1965. p. 1. Archived from the original on December 25, 2022. Retrieved December 25, 2022.
  29. ↑ "FCC says no to KSHO-TV renewal" (PDF). Broadcasting. August 2, 1965. p. 60. ProQuest 1014512180. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 25, 2022. Retrieved December 25, 2022.
  30. ↑ "Williams appeals KSHO-TV denial" (PDF). Broadcasting. September 6, 1965. pp. 60–61. ProQuest 1014485977. Archived (PDF) from the original on November 8, 2021. Retrieved December 25, 2022.
  31. ↑ "Court upholds denial of KSHO-TV renewal" (PDF). Broadcasting. June 27, 1966. p. 71. ProQuest 1014511879. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 25, 2022. Retrieved December 25, 2022.
  32. ↑ "KSHO-TV denial stands" (PDF). Broadcasting. February 27, 1967. p. 92. ProQuest 1014502333. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 6, 2022. Retrieved December 25, 2022.
  33. ↑ "Vegas KSHO-TV Gets Interim 'Go'". Variety. June 14, 1967. p. 33. ProQuest 963104534.
  34. ↑ "Joint interim permit given for KSHO-TV" (PDF). Broadcasting. August 14, 1967. p. 53. ProQuest 1014505082. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 25, 2022. Retrieved December 25, 2022.
  35. ↑ "List of Candidates Grows For Gaming Board Position: Replacement For Abner Under Study". Las Vegas Review-Journal. Associated Press. June 14, 1967. p. 13. Archived from the original on December 25, 2022. Retrieved December 25, 2022.
  36. ↑ LeRude, Warren (May 26, 1967). "'No Comment' in Carson City—Abner-Gaming Competition: State Official, Gamblers Vie for Business". Reno Gazette-Journal. pp. 1, 6. Archived from the original on January 10, 2023. Retrieved December 25, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  37. ↑ "KSHO-TV Begins Power Operation With All-new Color Transmitter". Las Vegas Review-Journal. June 17, 1968. p. 8. Archived from the original on December 26, 2022. Retrieved December 25, 2022.
  38. ↑ "Las Vegas channel goes to Talmac Inc" (PDF). Broadcasting. April 21, 1969. p. 48. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 6, 2022. Retrieved December 25, 2022.
  39. ↑ "FCC Gives Nod: Californian Gets Approval To Purchase KSHO-TV". Las Vegas Sun. January 29, 1972. p. 3. Archived from the original on December 26, 2022. Retrieved December 25, 2022.
  40. ↑ "Changing Hands" (PDF). Broadcasting. July 16, 1979. pp. 44–45. ProQuest 1014699306. Archived (PDF) from the original on January 21, 2022. Retrieved December 25, 2022.
  41. ↑ "KSHO-TV sale offer confirmed". Las Vegas Review-Journal. February 9, 1979. p. 1B. Archived from the original on December 25, 2022. Retrieved December 25, 2022.
  42. 1 2 Dahlberg, Tim (February 18, 1980). "TV stations fight to steal the show". Las Vegas Review-Journal. p. 1B. Archived from the original on December 25, 2022. Retrieved December 25, 2022.
  43. ↑ Morgan, Patricia (January 8, 1985). "Sound judgment: Las Vegas TV station opts to go stereo". Las Vegas Review-Journal. p. 1C. Archived from the original on December 25, 2022. Retrieved December 25, 2022.
  44. ↑ Glauber, Bill (July 30, 2014). "Journal, Scripps deal announced". Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. Archived from the original on July 31, 2014. Retrieved July 30, 2014.
  45. ↑ Malone, Michael (April 1, 2015). "Scripps, Journal Merger Complete". Broadcasting & Cable. Archived from the original on July 4, 2015.
  46. ↑ "Scripps, Journal Communications Complete Merger And Spinoff". NetNewsCheck. Archived from the original on July 18, 2018. Retrieved April 1, 2015.
  47. ↑ Cimilluca, Dana. "E.W. Scripps Agrees to Buy ION Media for $2.65 billion in Berkshire-Backed Deal". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on April 12, 2021. Retrieved September 24, 2020.
  48. ↑ Ourand, John (May 4, 2023). "Scripps gets Golden Knights local broadcast rights". Sports Business Journal.
  49. ↑ Dahlberg, Tim (March 24, 1980). "Arbitron ratings show Channel 8 news leader". Las Vegas Review-Journal. p. 8B. Archived from the original on December 26, 2022. Retrieved December 25, 2022.
  50. ↑ Dahlberg, Tim (June 19, 1980). "TV-8 widens ratings lead". Las Vegas Review-Journal. p. 2D. Archived from the original on December 25, 2022. Retrieved December 25, 2022.
  51. ↑ White, Ken (March 19, 1989). "KLAS newscast gets best grade for presentation, content". Las Vegas Review-Journal. p. 8D. Archived from the original on December 25, 2022. Retrieved December 25, 2022.
  52. ↑ White, Ken (September 10, 1989). "KTNV's Kyle Meenan to divide time between anchoring, reporting". Las Vegas Review-Journal. p. 3D. Archived from the original on December 25, 2022. Retrieved December 25, 2022.
  53. ↑ White, Ken (February 16, 1992). "KTNV tries to close the gap in television news ratings". Las Vegas Review-Journal. p. 1J. ProQuest 260019336 – via ProQuest.
  54. ↑ Davis Hudson, Eileen (April 7, 2003). "Las Vegas". Mediaweek. pp. 12–18. ProQuest 213657354.
  55. ↑ Eggerton, John (December 5, 2014). "KTNV Settles FCC Fake News Report Investigation". Broadcasting & Cable. Archived from the original on December 25, 2022. Retrieved December 25, 2022.
  56. ↑ Bornfeld, Steve (September 17, 2009). "Radetich scandal compounds KTNV's credibility problem". Las Vegas Review-Journal. p. E3. ProQuest 260275506.
  57. ↑ Bornfeld, Steve (August 16, 2010). "Advertisers gain traction on Channel 13 shows". Las Vegas Review-Journal. p. E3. ProQuest 747901792.
  58. ↑ Clarke, Norm (December 3, 2004). "Barry Manilow set to hit town?". Las Vegas Review-Journal. p. 3A. ProQuest 260166163.
  59. ↑ Egerton, Brooks (August 26, 1985). "WMTV's Paula Dilworth takes Vegas job". The Capital Times. pp. 21, 23. Archived from the original on December 24, 2022. Retrieved December 24, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  60. ↑ Shister, Gail (April 30, 1997). "Jay Leno is philosophical about not being on list of the 50 funniest". The Philadelphia Inquirer. p. D8. Archived from the original on January 10, 2023. Retrieved December 25, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  61. ↑ "RabbitEars TV Query for KTNV". RabbitEars. Archived from the original on December 25, 2022. Retrieved December 25, 2022.
  62. ↑ Hayes, Dade (May 26, 2020). "Top Local TV Groups Upgrade To "Next-Generation" TV Technology In Las Vegas". Deadline. Archived from the original on December 25, 2022. Retrieved December 25, 2022.
  63. ↑ "DTV Tentative Channel Designations for the First and the Second Rounds" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on August 29, 2013. Retrieved March 24, 2012.
  64. ↑ "List of TV Translator Input Channels". Federal Communications Commission. July 23, 2021. Archived from the original on December 9, 2021. Retrieved December 17, 2021.
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