Lakshmeshwar Singh
Maharaja of Darbhanga
Reign1860–1898
PredecessorMaharaja Maheshwar Singh
SuccessorMaharaja Rameshwar Singh
BornDarbhanga
Died1898
HouseRaj Darbhanga
FatherMaheshwar Singh Bahadur
ReligionHinduism

Maharaja Sir Lakshmeshwar Singh, Maharaja of Darbhanga GCIE (25 September 1858 – 16 November 1898) was the Zamindar and principal landowner of Darbhanga in the Mithila region, presently in the state of Bihar, India. His philanthropic works, administrative abilities and management of his estate (Raj Darbhanga) were highly appreciated and led to development of his estate.

Biography

Lakshmeshwar Singh was the eldest son of Maharaja Maheshwar Singh of Darbhanga, who died when Lakshmeshwar was aged two. The British Raj placed the estate of Darbhanga under the control of the Court of Wards because the heirs to the estate were minors.

For the next 19 years, till he attained majority, he was caught in political one-upmanship between his mother, who was supported by family priests, and the Tutors appointed by the British Government, who wanted him to be free from Zenana influence. He along with his younger brother Rameshwar Singh (who became Maharaja of Darbhanga after Lakshmeshwar Singh's death) received a western education from Government appointed tutors as well as a traditional Indian education from a Sanskrit Pandit, one of his uncles, a Maulvi and a Bengali gentleman. During the period when Lakshmeshwar Singh was under the guardianship of the Court of Wards, he received a monthly allowance of Rs.5 a month even though the annual income of his estate was equivalent to a six digit figure in pounds sterling.

On attaining his majority, Lakshmeshwar Singh devoted himself entirely to public duties of his position. He was appointed and served as a Member of the Legislative Council of the Viceroy. He was also one of nine members of the Royal Commission on Opium of 1895, formed by the British Government. Haridas Viharidas Desai, the Diwan of Junagadh, was the only other Indian member.[1]

Lakshmeshwar Singh championed freedom of speech, personal and political rights. In 1898, he and W. C. Banerjee, were the only prominent Indians to publicly criticise and fight against the proposed widening of scope of section 124-A and 153-A of the Indian Penal Code that was meant to suppress freedom of press in reporting news that could be deemed seditious in nature or against Government policy and insertion of section 108 in Indian Penal Code that gave right to postal authorities to seize any material that was suspected of containing matter obnoxious to section 124-A and 153-A of Indian Penal Code.[2]

Lakshmeshwar Singh died on 17 December 1898. He did not have any children and thus his younger brother, Rameshwar Singh, succeeded him as Maharaja.

Public charity

Lithograph Print of Maharaja Lakshmeshwar Singh published in Graphic Magazine, December 1888

He built an Anglo-vernacular school at a cost of £1490, which he maintained, as well as nearly thirty vernacular schools of different grades; and subsidised a much larger number of educational institutions.[3]

The Maharaja was also one of the founders of Indian National Congress as well as one of the main financial contributor thereto[4]

Other information

On the occasion of the Golden Jubilee of Great Queen Victoria, Lakshmeshwar Singh was created a Knight Commander of the Most Eminent Order of the Indian Empire, being promoted to Knight Grand Commander in 1887.[5]

The British Governor commissioned Edward Onslow Ford to make a statue of Lakshmeshwar Singh. This is installed at Dalhousie Square in Kolkata.[6]

References

  1. ↑ Royal Opium Commission, First Report of the Royal Commission on Opium: with Minutes of Evidence and Appendices, Eyre & Spottiswolde for HM Stationery Office, 1895
  2. ↑ All India Political Parties, (major groups, A-Z) at page 244. Author – O. P. Ralhan
  3. ↑ Non—fictional Indian prose in English, 1960–1990 By Hetukar Jha, Sahitya Akademi
  4. ↑ A Centenary history of the Indian National Congress, 1885–1985, Volume 1 by B. N. Pande, Indian National Congress (I). All India Congress Committee
  5. ↑ A Golden Book of India – A Genealogical and Biographical Dictionary of Ruling Princes, Chiefs, Nobles and Other Personages, Titled or Decorated, of the Indian Empire. Author – Sir Roper Lethbridge. First published 1893.
  6. ↑ A Handbook for Travellers in India, Pakistan, Burma and Ceylon at Page 121. Author – Laurence Frederic Rushbrook Williams
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