A condemned prisoner's last meal is a customary ritual preceding execution. In many countries, the prisoner may, within reason, select what the last meal will be.
Contemporary restrictions in the United States
In the United States, most states give the meal a day or two before execution and use the euphemism "special meal". Alcohol and tobacco are usually, but not always, denied. Unorthodox or unavailable requests are replaced with similar substitutes. Some states place tight restrictions. Sometimes, a prisoner asks to share the last meal with another inmate (as Francis Crowley did with John Resko in 1932) or has the meal distributed among other inmates (as requested by Raymond Fernandez in 1951).[1]
In Florida, the food for the last meal must be purchased locally and the cost is limited to $40.[2] In Oklahoma, the cost is limited to $25. In Louisiana, the prison warden traditionally joins the condemned prisoner for the last meal. On one occasion, the warden paid for an inmate's lobster dinner.[3]
In Texas, the tradition of customized last meals is thought to have been established around 1924.[4] However, in September 2011, the state of Texas abolished all special meal requests after condemned prisoner Lawrence Russell Brewer requested a large and expensive last meal. Brewer did not eat any of it, stating that he was not hungry.[5][6][3][7] Since then, the prisoner's last meal is whatever is being served in the Huntsville Unit cafeteria on the day of execution.[8]
Documented last meal requests
This represents the items requested, as reported, but does not in all cases represent what the prisoner actually received.
Europe
Name | Crime | Country | Year | Method of execution | Requested meal |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Roger Casement | Treason (enlisting help from the German Empire for the Easter Rising) | UK | 1916 | Hanging | Sacramental bread. Casement converted to Catholicism before his execution and stated he intended to go "to my death with the body of my God as my last meal."[9] |
Ruth Ellis | Murder | UK | 1955 | Hanging | Scrambled egg.[10] |
Véronique Frantz | Serial murder | France | 1854 | Decapitation by guillotine | Café au lait and a bread roll.[11] |
Fritz Haarmann | Serial murder | Germany | 1925 | Decapitation by guillotine | An expensive cigar and a cup of Brazilian coffee.[12] |
Karl Hopf | Serial murder | Germany | 1914 | Decapitation by hatchet | Sausages, bread and beer.[13] |
Mathias Kneißl | Murder and robbery | Germany | 1902 | Decapitation by guillotine | Six glasses of beer.[14] |
Peter Kürten | Serial murder and rape | Germany | 1931 | Decapitation by guillotine | Wiener schnitzel, fried potatoes and a bottle of white wine. He requested a second helping and received it.[15] |
Louis XVI | High treason | France | 1792 | Decapitation by guillotine | A pan-fried chicken, some pastries, boiled beef and puréed turnips. He additionally received a dessert consisting of two chicken wings, vegetables, two glasses of wine cut with water, a piece of sponge cake and a glass of Malaga wine.[16] |
Charles Peace | Serial murder | UK | 1879 | Hanging | Eggs and a large amount of salty bacon.[17] |
Karl Ludwig Sand | Manslaughter | Germany | 1820 | Decapitation by sword | Gruel.[18] |
Friedrich Schumann | Serial murder | Germany | 1921 | Decapitation by hatchet | Frikadellen and Teltow turnips.[19] |
Adolf Seefeldt | Serial murder | Nazi Germany | 1936 | Decapitation by guillotine | A roast chicken.[20] |
Asia
Name | Crime | Country | Year | Method of execution | Requested meal |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Amrozi and Huda bin Abdul Haq | Terrorism; involved in the 2002 Bali bombings | Indonesia | 2008 | Firing squad | Roti canai and chips made from Indian three-leaved yam. The two were brothers and shared the same last meal, which was provided by their family.[21] |
Freddy Budiman | Possession of narcotic drugs | Indonesia | 2016 | Firing squad | Homemade meals made by his former mother-in-law: Otak-otak fish cakes, and rendang.[22] |
Andrew Chan and Myuran Sukumaran | Australian ringleaders of the Bali Nine | Indonesia | 2015 | Firing squad | KFC. Although Indonesia does not normally grant last meal requests, Sukumaran and Chan were granted their KFC feast via officials.[23] |
Cheng Chieh | Mass murder; involved in the 2014 Taipei Metro attack | Taiwan | 2016 | Gunshot | Bento, consisting of stewed pork, rice and vegetables.[24] |
Leo Echegaray | Rape of his 10-year-old stepdaughter | Philippines | 1999 | Lethal injection | Sardines and dried fish. When the reprieve was announced, he shared the food with relatives who had gathered at the prison.[25] |
Adolf Eichmann | Holocaust perpetrator | Israel | 1962 | Hanging | Declined a special meal, instead requesting a bottle of Carmel red wine with the usual prison food of cheese, bread, olives, and tea. He drank about half of the bottle.[26] |
Mona Fandey | Murder | Malaysia | 2001 | Hanging | Declined a last meal; she was instead given a dinner from KFC.[27][28] |
Saddam Hussein | Crimes against humanity | Iraq | 2006 | Hanging | The Times states that "he refused their offers of cigarettes and a last meal of chicken and shawarma rice."[29] Other sources state Hussein ate his last meal of chicken and rice, and had a cup of hot water with honey. However, regardless of the source, whatever Hussein actually had for his last meal remains a mystery.[30] |
Ajmal Kasab | Terrorism; involved in the 2008 Mumbai attacks | India | 2012 | Hanging | A tomato along with "jail food", and two cups of masala tea. He also drank four bottles of mineral water.[31][32] |
Yakub Memon | Terrorism; involved in the 1993 Bombay bombings | India | 2015 | Hanging | Declined a special meal; he was given a breakfast of upma, which he did not eat.[33] |
Imam Samudra | Terrorism; involved in the 2002 Bali bombings | Indonesia | 2008 | Firing squad | Emping mlinjo, sagon (Javanese coconut cookies), and pepes made from mackerel.[21] |
John Martin Scripps | Murder spree | Singapore | 1996 | Hanging | A pizza and a cup of hot chocolate.[34] |
Tangaraju Suppiah | Drug trafficking | Singapore | 2023 | Hanging | Chicken rice, nasi biryani, ice cream soda, and Milo-flavoured sweets,[35] and a bowl of wanton noodles.[36] |
Sekarmadji Maridjan Kartosuwiryo | Rebellion, waging war against Indonesia | Indonesia | 1962 | Firing squad | Rendang and rice. He shared the meal with his wife and children, but he personally did not eat it.[37] |
Astini Sumiasih | Murder | Indonesia | 2005 | Firing squad | Bread, squid, and assorted fruits.[38] |
D. N. Aidit | 30 September Movement | Indonesia | 1965 | Firing squad (extrajudicial killing by army) | Bentoel cigarettes unsympathetically given by an army colonel upon request.[39] |
Hideki Tojo | Japanese War crimes | Japan | 1948 | Hanging | Rice, soy soup, and grilled fish.[40] |
Canada
Name | Crime | Province | Year | Method of execution | Requested meal |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Arthur Lucas and Ronald Turpin | Murder | Ontario | 1962 | Hanging | Steak, potatoes, vegetables and pie.[41] |
United States
California
Name | Crime | Year | Method of execution | Requested meal |
---|---|---|---|---|
Juanita Spinelli | Murder | 1941 | Gas chamber | Turkey meat and a hamburger.[42] |
Aaron Mitchell | Murder | 1967 | Gas chamber | Fried chicken, bread and butter, and milk.[42] |
Caryl Chessman | Kidnapping, rape and robbery | 1960 | Gas chamber | A sandwich and Coca-Cola.[42] |
Stanley Tookie Williams III | Murder | 2005 | Lethal injection | Declined a special meal,[43] but had some oatmeal and milk before his execution.[44] |
Keith Daniel Williams | Murder | 1996 | Lethal injection | Fried pork chops, a baked potato with butter, asparagus, salad with blue cheese dressing, apple pie, and whole milk.[45] |
Thomas Martin Thompson | Murder | 1998 | Lethal injection | Alaskan king crab with melted butter, spinach salad, pork fried rice, Mandarin-style spare ribs, hot fudge sundae and a six-pack of Coca-Cola.[46] |
Jaturun Siripongs | Murder | 1999 | Lethal injection | Two cans of Lucky Arctic iced tea and two cups of Mission Pride canned peaches.[47] |
Robert Lee Massie | Murder | 2001 | Lethal injection | Two vanilla milkshakes, extra crispy french fries, extra crispy fried oysters, and soft drinks.[48] |
David Mason | Murder | 1993 | Gas chamber | Declined a special meal, but chose to have some ice water while waiting in his cell. |
Robert Alton Harris | Murder | 1992 | Gas chamber | A 21-piece bucket of Kentucky Fried Chicken, two large Domino's Pizzas, ice cream, a bag of jelly beans, a six-pack of Pepsi, and a pack of Camel cigarettes.[49][50] The pizzas were actually Tombstone Pizzas, per Vernell Crittendon's orders.[51] Crittendon worked at the prison and was responsible for dealing with the condemned person before his execution. |
Barbara Graham | Murder | 1955 | Gas chamber | A milkshake and a chocolate sundae.[52] |
Elizabeth Ann Duncan | Proxy murder | 1962 | Gas chamber | A steak and a salad.[53] |
William Bonin | Serial murder and rape | 1996 | Lethal injection | Two pepperoni and sausage pizzas, three servings of chocolate ice cream, and three six-packs of Coca-Cola and Pepsi.[54] |
Burton Abbott | Murder and rape | 1957 | Gas chamber | French fried butterfly jumbo prawns with cocktail sauce, one order of Ravioli, tossed green salad (mainly composed of romaine lettuce) with vinegar-and-oil dressing, chocolate cake, and a pack of Salem cigarettes.[42] |
Clarence Ray Allen | Proxy murder[lower-alpha 1] | 2006 | Lethal injection | Buffalo steak, frybread, Kentucky Fried Chicken, sugar-free pecan pie, sugar-free black walnut ice cream, and whole milk. He let the ice-cream thaw out for an hour and turned it into a milkshake by hand.[55] |
Stephen Wayne Anderson | Murder | 2002 | Lethal injection | Two grilled cheese sandwiches, one pint of cottage cheese, a hominy-corn mixture, radishes, one slice of peach pie and one pint of chocolate chip ice cream.[56] |
Donald Jay Beardslee | Murder | 2005 | Lethal injection | Refused a special meal and had regular prison fare of chili macaroni, salad and cake.[57] |
- ↑ This is the last execution in California, 18 years ago.
Alabama
Name | Crime | Year | Method of execution | Requested meal |
---|---|---|---|---|
John Louis Evans | Murder | 1983 | Electrocution | A shrimp dinner.[42] |
Matthew Reeves | Murder | 2022 | Lethal injection | Declined a special meal, but asked for a bottle of Sprite before his execution.[58] |
Domineque Ray | Murder and rape | 2019 | Lethal injection | Declined a special meal, but had the regular breakfast meal for that day consisting of milk, eggs, jelly, two biscuits, prunes and potatoes.[59] |
Walter Moody | Murder | 2018 | Lethal injection | Declined a special meal, but shared two philly cheesesteak sandwiches, a bag of chips, two Dr. Pepper sodas, one bag of M&M's and an almond Hershey bar with two attorneys and three friends before the execution.[60] |
Nathaniel Woods | Murder | 2020 | Lethal injection | Sweet potatoes, spinach, chicken patty, chicken leg quarter, cooked apples, fries, two oranges and orange flavored drink.[61] |
Thomas Warren Whisenhant | Serial murder | 2010 | Lethal injection | Chicken leg quarters, french fries, American cheese, orange drink, coffee and chocolate pudding.[62] |
James Barney Hubbard | Murder | 2004 | Lethal injection | Two fried eggs over-medium, four slices of bacon, sliced tomatoes, fried green tomatoes, pineapple slices with mayonnaise, white bread, a banana and a medium-sized bottle of V8 juice. |
Andrew Reid Lackey | Murder | 2013 | Lethal injection | Turkey bologna, french fries, and grilled cheese. |
Rhonda Belle Martin | Serial murder | 1957 | Electrocution | A hamburger, mashed potatoes, cinnamon rolls and coffee.[63] |
Texas
Before 2011
Texas abolished last meal requests in 2011, so all death row inmates in Texas after 2011 have been given normal prison food.[64]
Name | Crime | Year | Method of execution | Requested meal |
---|---|---|---|---|
James David Autry | Murder | 1984 | Lethal injection | A hamburger, french fries and a Dr Pepper.[65] |
Odell Barnes Jr. | Murder | 2000 | Lethal injection | "Justice, Equality, World Peace."[66] |
Lawrence Russell Brewer | Murder | 2011 | Lethal injection | Two chicken fried steaks smothered in gravy with sliced onions, a triple meat bacon cheeseburger with fixings on the side, a cheese omelet with ground beef, tomatoes, onions, bell peppers and jalapeños, a large bowl of fried okra with ketchup, one pound of barbecue with half a loaf of white bread, three fajitas with fixings, a Meat Lovers pizza, three root beers, one pint of Blue Bell vanilla ice cream, and a slab of peanut butter fudge with crushed peanuts.[67] Brewer's request was granted, but he refused the meal when it arrived saying that he was simply not hungry, prompting Texas to stop granting last meal requests to condemned inmates.[68] |
Charles Brooks Jr. | Murder | 1982 | Lethal injection | A T-bone steak, french fries, ketchup, Worcestershire sauce, biscuits, peach cobbler and iced tea.[69] Originally Brooks wanted fried shrimp and oysters, but the prison chef told him shellfish was not an option.[70] |
Ruben Cantu | Murder | 1993 | Lethal injection | Fried chicken and rice.[71] |
Richard Cartwright | Murder | 2005 | Lethal injection | Fried chicken, a cheeseburger, onion rings, french fries, bacon, sausage, cheesecake and cinnamon rolls.[72] |
Ignacio Cuevas | Perpetrator of the 1974 Huntsville Prison Siege | 1991 | Lethal injection | Chicken and dumplings, steamed rice, sliced bread, black-eyed peas, and iced tea.[73] |
Humberto Leal Garcia | Murder and rape | 2011 | Lethal injection | Fried chicken, Pico de gallo, tacos, two colas and a bowl of fried okra.[74] |
Johnny Frank Garrett | Murder | 1992 | Lethal injection | Ice cream.[75] |
Kenneth Edward Gentry | Murder | 1997 | Lethal injection | Butter beans, mashed potatoes, onions, tomatoes, biscuits, chocolate cake and Dr Pepper.[76] |
Stephen Albert McCoy | Serial murder | 1989 | Lethal injection | A cheeseburger, french fries, and a strawberry milkshake.[77] |
Kenneth Allen McDuff | Serial murder | 1998 | Lethal injection | Two T-bone steaks (well done) with all the fixings.[78] |
Stephen Peter Morin | Serial murder | 1985 | Lethal injection | A T-bone steak, a baked potato, butter, sweet green peas, bread rolls, banana pudding and coffee.[79] |
Eric Charles Nenno | Murder and rape | 2008 | Lethal injection | A grilled cheeseburger, four fish patties, six hard boiled eggs and coffee.[80] |
Ronald Clark O'Bryan | Murder | 1984 | Lethal injection | T-bone steak (medium to well done), french fries with ketchup, whole kernel corn, sweet peas, a lettuce and tomato salad with sliced egg and French dressing, iced tea, sweetener, saltines, Boston cream pie, and rolls.[66] |
James Emery Paster | Serial murder | 1989 | Lethal injection | Steak, salad, french fried potatoes, and watermelon.[81] |
James Edward Smith | Murder | 1990 | Lethal injection | A lump of dirt, which was denied. He settled for a cup of yogurt.[82] |
Karla Faye Tucker | Murder | 1998 | Lethal injection | A banana, a peach and a salad with either Ranch or Italian dressing.[83] |
Other states
Name | Crime | State | Year | Method of execution | Requested meal |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Charles Albanese | Serial murder | Illinois | 1995 | Lethal injection | Prime rib, baked potato, garlic bread, coffee, Coca-Cola and pistachio ice cream.[84] |
Jack Alderman | Murder | Georgia | 2008 | Lethal injection | Declined a special meal and was given the regular prison meal of the day consisting of baked fish, peas, cole slaw, carrots, cheese grits, buns, fruit juice, and chocolate cake.[85] Alderman originally chose fried chicken, fried shrimps and a pint of cherry or strawberry ice cream as a last meal, but did not receive it since his execution was stayed.[86] |
Wanda Jean Allen | Murder | Oklahoma | 2001 | Lethal injection | A bag of chips.[87] |
Lowell Lee Andrews | Murder | Kansas | 1962 | Hanging | Two fried chickens with sides of mashed potatoes, green beans and Pie a la Mode.[88] |
John Arnold | Murder | South Carolina | 1998 | Lethal injection | A sub sandwich, tossed salad, French fries and a vanilla milkshake, shared with his attorneys.[89] |
Joe Arridy | Falsely accused of rape and murder | Colorado | 1939 | Gas chamber | Ice cream.[90] |
Mark James Asay | Murder | Florida | 2017 | Lethal injection | Fried pork chops, fried ham, French fries, vanilla swirl ice cream, and a can of Coca-Cola.[91] |
Herman Dale Ashworth | Murder | Ohio | 2005 | Lethal injection | Two cheeseburgers with lettuce and mayonnaise, french fries with ketchup, one Dr Pepper and one Mountain Dew.[92] |
Frank Jarvis Atwood | Murder and kidnapping | Arizona | 2022 | Lethal injection | Declined a last meal, saying that he was fasting, then changed his mind and accepted a meal tray consisting of salami, mustard, peanut butter, jelly, wheat bread, a snack bag of tortilla chips, and a drink of water with a juice packet.[93] |
Billy Bailey | Murder | Delaware | 1996 | Hanging | A steak (well-done), a baked potato with sour cream and butter, buttered rolls, peas and vanilla ice cream.[94] |
Wesley Eugene Baker | Murder | Maryland | 2005 | Lethal injection | Breaded fish, pasta marinara, green beans, orange fruit punch, bread, and milk (this was what was on the prison menu that day).[95] |
Velma Barfield | Murder | North Carolina | 1984 | Lethal injection | Declined a special meal, having a bag of Cheez Doodles and a 12-ounce can of Coca-Cola instead.[96] |
George W. Barrett | Murder | Federal government | 1936 | Hanging | Requested "the largest steak in town", but did not eat it. After his death, a reporter who had been present for the execution spotted the steak in the jail kitchen and helped himself to it.[97] |
Martha Beck | Serial murder | New York | 1951 | Electrocution | Fried chicken, fried potatoes and salad.[15] |
John A. Bennett | Rape and attempted murder | United States Army | 1961 | Hanging | Shrimp with cocktail sauce, hot rolls, cake, peaches, milk and coffee.[98] |
Brandon Bernard | Murder | Federal government | 2020 | Lethal injection | Meat lover's pizza and a brownie.[99] |
Rainey Bethea | Murder and rape | Kentucky | 1936 | Hanging | Fried chicken, pork chops, mashed potatoes, pickled cucumbers, cornbread, lemon pie, and ice cream.[100] |
Kenneth Biros | Murder and robbery | Ohio | 2009 | Lethal injection | A cheese pizza, onion rings with fried mushrooms, chips with French onion dip, cherry pie, blueberry ice cream and one Dr. Pepper.[101] |
Jesse Bishop | Murder | Nevada | 1979 | Gas chamber | Filet mignon, tossed salad with Thousand Island dressing, asparagus, baked potato with sour cream and an unspecified dessert.[102] |
Oscar Ray Bolin Jr. | Serial murder | Florida | 2016 | Lethal injection | Medium rare rib eye steak, a baked potato with butter and sour cream, a salad made of iceberg lettuce, cucumber and tomato, baked garlic bread, lemon meringue pie, and a bottle of Coca-Cola.[103] |
Gerald James Bordelon | Murder | Louisiana | 2010 | Lethal injection | Fried sac-a-lait fish, topped with crawfish étouffée, a peanut butter and apple jelly sandwich, and chocolate chip cookies.[104] |
Gary Ray Bowles | Serial murder | Florida | 2019 | Lethal injection | Three cheeseburgers, french fries and bacon.[105] |
Andrew Howard Brannan | Murder | Georgia | 2015 | Lethal injection | Three eggs over easy, hash browns, biscuits and gravy, sausage, pecan waffles with strawberries, milk, apple juice and decaf coffee.[106] |
James Briley | Murder, rape and robbery | Virginia | 1985 | Electrocution | Fried shrimps with cocktail sauce and a lemon-lime soft drink.[107] |
Linwood Briley | Murder, rape and robbery | Virginia | 1984 | Electrocution | Grilled tenderloin steak, a baked potato, green peas, a salad with french dressing, buttered rolls, cake, peaches, punch and milk.[108] |
Cal Coburn Brown | Murder | Washington | 2010 | Lethal injection | Combination meat pizza, apple pie, coffee, and milk. |
Russell Earl Bucklew | Murder | Missouri | 2019 | Lethal Injection | A gyro sandwich, a smoked brisket sandwich, two orders of french fries, a cola and a banana split.[109] Previously Bucklew had a t-bone steak, caesar salad, apple pie a la mode, and a baked potato before his execution was stayed.[110] |
Robert Anthony Buell | Murder | Ohio | 2002 | Lethal injection | A single, unpitted black olive. |
Judy Buenoano | Murder | Florida | 1998 | Electrocution | Asparagus, broccoli, strawberries, tomatoes and a cup of tea.[111] |
Ted Bundy | Serial murder | Florida | 1989 | Electrocution | Declined a special meal, so he was given (but did not eat) the traditional steak (medium-rare), eggs (over easy), hash browns, toast, milk, coffee, juice, butter, and jelly.[26][112] |
Robert Earl Butts Jr. | Murder | Georgia | 2018 | Lethal injection | A bacon cheeseburger with American and cheddar cheese, a ribeye steak, six chicken tenders, seasoned French fries, cheesecake and strawberry lemonade.[113] |
Scott Dawn Carpenter | Murder | Oklahoma | 1997 | Lethal injection | Barbecue beef ribs, corn on the cob, baked beans, potato salad and hot rolls served with lemonade.[114] |
Desmond Keith Carter | Murder | North Carolina | 2002 | Lethal injection | Declined a special meal, but had two cheeseburgers, a steak sandwich, and two cans of Coca-Cola from the prison canteen, for which he paid $4.20 from his prison account.[115] |
Edward Castro | Murder | Florida | 2000 | Lethal injection | A T-Bone steak, fried shrimps, fried potatoes, fried onion rings, fried tomatoes, ice cream and Coca-Cola.[116] |
Carroll Cole | Serial murder | Nevada | 1985 | Lethal injection | Jumbo shrimp, french fries, tossed salad with French dressing, clam chowder, cookies and candy.[102] |
Alton Coleman | Murder spree | Ohio | 2002 | Lethal injection | Well done filet mignon smothered with mushrooms, fried chicken breasts, a salad with French dressing, sweet potato pie with whipped cream, french fries, collard greens, onion rings, cornbread, broccoli with melted cheese, biscuits and gravy, and a cherry Coca-Cola. |
Richard Cooey | Murder and rape | Ohio | 2008 | Lethal injection | T-bone steak with A-1 sauce, onion rings, french fries, four eggs over easy, toast with butter, hash browns, a pint of rocky road ice cream, a Mountain Dew soft drink and authentic bear claw pastries[117] |
Francis Crowley | Murder | New York | 1932 | Electrocution | Steak and onions, french fries, apple pie, ice cream and melted ice cream.[15] |
Allen Lee Davis | Murder | Florida | 1999 | Electrocution | One lobster tail, fried potatoes, a half-pound of fried shrimp, six ounces of fried clams, half a loaf of garlic bread, and 32 ounces of A&W root beer.[118] |
Gary Lee Davis | Murder | Colorado | 1997 | Lethal injection | Chocolate and vanilla ice cream cups, shared with the prison superintendent and a manager.[119] |
Troy Anthony Davis | Murder | Georgia | 2011 | Lethal injection | Declined a special meal and was offered the standard meal tray: grilled cheeseburgers, oven-browned potatoes, baked beans, coleslaw, cookies and a grape drink.[120] |
Carman L. Deck | Murder | Missouri | 2022 | Lethal injection | A ribeye steak, shrimps, asparagus, a salad with Italian dressing, cottage cheese and V8 juice.[121] |
John Deering | Murder | Utah | 1938 | Firing squad | Pheasant.[122] |
Ángel Nieves Díaz | Murder | Florida | 2006 | Lethal injection | Declined a special meal. He was served the regular prison meal for that day consisting of shredded turkey with taco seasoning, shredded cheese, rice, pinto beans, tortilla shells, apple crisp and iced tea, but declined that as well.[123] |
Clarence Dixon | Murder | Arizona | 2022 | Lethal injection | Kentucky Fried Chicken, strawberry ice cream and a bottle of water.[124] |
Westley Allan Dodd | Serial murder and child molestation | Washington | 1993 | Hanging | Broiled salmon and fried potatoes.[125] |
John David Duty | Murder | Oklahoma | 2010 | Lethal injection | A double cheeseburger with mayonnaise, a foot-long hot dog with cheese, mustard and extra onions, a cherry limeade, and a large banana milkshake.[126] |
James Homer Elledge | Murder | Washington | 2001 | Lethal injection | Eggs, bacon, waffles, sweet roll, cereal and orange juice. Elledge did not eat the dinner despite requesting it; his last meal was instead a breakfast consisting of apple juice, oatmeal, toast, hash browns, coffee and eggs.[127] |
John Fautenberry | Serial killer | Ohio | 2009 | Lethal injection | Two eggs sunny side up, fried potatoes, two slices of fried bologna, four slices of wheat bread, two slices of buttered wheat toast, four tomato slices, lettuce with mayonnaise, two 3 Musketeers bars and two packages of Reese's Peanut Butter Cups.[128] |
Victor Feguer | Murder | Federal government | 1963 | Hanging | Requested a single olive with the pit still in it.[129] |
Samuel Russell Flippen | Murder | North Carolina | 2006 | Lethal injection | Popcorn shrimp, hush puppies, french fries and a Coke.[130] |
Melbert Ray Ford Jr. | Murder | Georgia | 2010 | Lethal injection | Fried fish, shrimp, a baked potato, salad, boiled corn, ice cream, cheesecake and soda.[131] |
John Wayne Gacy | Serial murder | Illinois | 1994 | Lethal injection | A dozen deep-fried shrimp, a bucket of original recipe Kentucky Fried Chicken, french fries, a pound of strawberries, and a bottle of Diet Coke.[132] |
Ronnie Lee Gardner | Murder | Utah | 2010 | Firing squad | Lobster tail, steak, apple pie with vanilla ice cream, and 7 Up. He also requested to watch The Lord of the Rings film trilogy while he ate his meal.[133] |
Carlton Michael Gary | Serial murder | Georgia | 2018 | Lethal injection | Declined a special meal and requested the regular prison meal of the day: a grilled hamburger, a hot dog, white beans, coleslaw and grape beverage.[134] |
Juan Raul Garza | Murder and drug trafficking | Federal government | 2001 | Lethal injection | Steak, french fries, onion rings, three slices of bread, and a soda. |
Louis Gaskin | Murder | Florida | 2023 | Lethal injection | Barbeque pork ribs, buffalo wings, turkey neck, shrimp fried rice, french fries with honey barbeque sauce, and water. |
Gary Gilmore | Murder | Utah | 1977 | Firing squad | A hamburger, hard-boiled eggs, a baked potato, a few cups of coffee, and three shots of contraband Jack Daniel's whiskey.[26][132][135] |
Kelly Renee Gissendaner | Murder | Georgia | 2015 | Lethal injection | Cheese dip with chips, Texas nachos with fajita meat and a diet frosted lemonade. Previously Gissendaner had cornbread, buttermilk, two Burger King Whoppers, two large orders of french fries, cherry vanilla ice cream, popcorn, lemonade and a salad with boiled eggs, tomatoes, green peppers, onions, carrots, cheese and Paul Newman buttermilk dressing before her execution was stayed.[136] |
Arthur Frederick Goode III | Murder | Florida | 1984 | Electrocution | A steak, corn, broccoli and cookies.[137] |
David Alan Gore | Serial murder | Florida | 2012 | Lethal injection | Fried chicken, french fries & butter pecan ice cream.[138] |
John Marion Grant | Murder | Oklahoma | 2021 | Lethal injection | Two bacon cheeseburgers with onion, tomato, pickles, lettuce and mustard, barbeque chips, a 2-liter bottle of Mr. Pibb, a half-gallon of Neapolitan ice cream, and a large pack of Nutter Butter sandwich cookies.[139] |
Thomas J. Grasso | Murder | Oklahoma | 1995 | Lethal injection | Two dozen steamed mussels, two dozen steamed clams, a double cheeseburger from Burger King, half-dozen barbecued spare ribs, two strawberry milkshakes, half a pumpkin pie with whipped cream, and diced strawberries. He also had a 16-ounce can of spaghetti with meatballs, served at room temperature.[82] However, he issued a public statement complaining that he had requested SpaghettiOs, not regular canned spaghetti.[140] |
Randy Greenawalt | Serial murder | Arizona | 1997 | Lethal injection | Two cheeseburgers, french fries with extra salt, coffee with milk.[141] |
Douglas Edward Gretzler | Serial murder | Arizona | 1998 | Lethal injection | Six fried eggs (over easy), four strips of bacon (chewy), two slices of buttered white bread toast, one cup of coffee, and two bottles of Coca-Cola (served with ice).[142] |
Scott Allen Hain | Murder | Oklahoma | 2003 | Lethal injection | Three cheeseburgers, three orders of onion rings, ice cream and a Slush.[143] |
Carl Austin Hall | Kidnapping | Federal government | 1953 | Gas chamber | Fried chicken.[144] |
Donald Eugene Harding | Murder | Arizona | 1992 | Gas chamber | Fried eggs, bacon, toast, butter, honey and orange juice.[142] |
Edward Ernest Hartman | Murder | North Carolina | 2003 | Lethal injection | A Greek salad, linguini with white clam sauce, cheesecake with cherry topping, garlic bread, and Coca-Cola.[145] |
Bruno Richard Hauptmann | Lindbergh kidnapping and murder | New Jersey | 1936 | Electrocution | Celery, stuffed green olives, roast chicken, french fried potatoes, buttered peas, cherries, and a slice of white cake.[26] |
Bonnie Brown Heady | Kidnapping | Federal government | 1953 | Gas chamber | Fried chicken.[144] |
Gary Michael Heidnik | Murder | Pennsylvania | 1999 | Lethal injection | Two slices of cheese pizza and two cups of black coffee.[146] |
Brandon Hedrick | Murder | Virginia | 2006 | Electrocution | Pizza with cheese, bacon and hamburger meat; French fries with ketchup; bacon; chocolate cake and apple pie.[147] |
Warren Lee Hill Jr. | Murder | Georgia | 2015 | Lethal injection | Declined a special meal and was offered the institutional meal tray, consisting of shepherd's pie, mashed potatoes, red beans, cabbage relish salad, cornbread, sugar cookies and fruit punch.[148] |
Daryl Holton | Murder | Tennessee | 2007 | Electrocution | Declined a special request, but ate the standard meal of the day consisting of riblets on a bun, mixed vegetables, baked beans, white cake with white icing and iced tea.[149] |
Mark Hopkinson | Proxy murder | Wyoming | 1992 | Lethal injection | Pizza, shared with his mother and other family members. He later asked for and received a fruit plate. |
Ralph Hudson | Murder | New Jersey | 1963 | Electrocution | Prime rib steak, ice cream and a cigar. |
Billy Ray Irick | Murder | Tennessee | 2018 | Lethal injection | A 'deluxe combo' meal consisting of a double bacon cheeseburger with mayonnaise, mustard, lettuce, tomato and pickles, a large order of onion rings, a large Coca-Cola with a wedge of lime, and an extra-large strawberry-banana milkshake. |
Ernest Lee Johnson | Murder | Missouri | 2021 | Lethal injection | Two double bacon cheeseburgers, onion rings, two large strawberry milkshakes and a large pizza.[150] |
Shannon M. Johnson | Murder | Delaware | 2012 | Lethal injection | Chicken lo Mein, carrots, cake, wheat bread and margarine and iced tea.[151] |
Brandon Astor Jones | Murder | Georgia | 2016 | Lethal injection | Refused the option of choosing his last meal, so was given the standard meal on the menu that day of chicken and rice, rutabaga, seasoned turnip greens, dry white beans, cornbread, bread pudding and fruit punch.[103] |
Jack Harold Jones Jr. | Serial murder | Arkansas | 2017 | Lethal injection | Fried chicken, fried potato logs with tartar sauce, beef jerky bites, three candy bars, a chocolate milkshake and fruit punch.[152] |
Louis Jones Jr. | Murder | Federal government | 2003 | Lethal injection | Whole peaches, plums and nectarines.[153] |
John Joubert | Serial murder | Nebraska | 1996 | Electrocution | Cheese pizza with green pepper and onions, strawberry cheesecake, and Coca-Cola. |
Steven Timothy Judy | Mass murder | Indiana | 1981 | Electrocution | Prime rib, lobster tails, potatoes with sour cream, chef salad with French dressing and a dinner roll. He also requested four cans of beer but they were denied.[154] |
Barton Kay Kirkham | Robbery and murder | Utah | 1958 | Hanging | Pizzas and ice cream.[155] |
Thomas Knight | Murder | Florida | 2014 | Lethal injection | Sweet potato pie, coconut cake, banana nut bread, a quarter bottle of Sprite, two tablespoons of strawberries, butter-pecan ice cream, vanilla ice cream and Fritos corn chips.[156] |
Karl-Heinz LaGrand | Murder | Arizona | 1999 | Lethal injection | Two BLT sandwiches on white bread with mayonnaise, four fried eggs (over easy), a medium portion of hash browns, two breakfast rolls with strawberry jelly, half a pint of pineapple sherbet, a cup of coffee, a medium slice of German chocolate cake with coconut-caramel icing and a cup of milk.[157] |
Walter Bernhard LaGrand | Murder | Arizona | 1999 | Gas chamber | Six fried eggs (over easy), 16 strips of bacon, a large serving of hash browns, a pint of pineapple sherbet, a breakfast steak (well-done), a cup of ice, a can each of 7 Up, Dr Pepper, and Coca-Cola, hot sauce, a cup of coffee, two packs of sugar and four Rolaids.[157] |
Jeffrey Timothy Landrigan | Murder | Arizona | 2010 | Lethal injection | Steak, fried okra, french fries, strawberry shake and Dr Pepper.[142] |
Ledell Lee | Murdered his neighbor | Arkansas | 2017 | Lethal injection | Holy Communion.[158] |
Teresa Lewis | Proxy murder | Virginia | 2010 | Lethal injection | Two fried chicken breasts, sweet peas with butter, a Dr Pepper and apple pie for dessert.[159] |
Stanley Dewaine Lingar | Murder | Missouri | 2001 | Lethal injection | Corned beef sandwiches and french fries.[160] |
Clayton Derrell Lockett | Murder | Oklahoma | 2014 | Lethal injection | Chateaubriand steak, shrimp, a large baked potato and a Kentucky bourbon pecan pie. The meal was denied because it exceeded the $15 limit. He rejected a separate offer from the warden for a dinner from Western Sizzlin'.[161] |
Bobby Joe Long | Serial murder | Florida | 2019 | Lethal injection | Roast beef, bacon, french fries and soda.[162] |
William Earl Lynd | Murder | Georgia | 2008 | Lethal injection | Two pepper jack barbecue burgers with crispy onions, baked potatoes with sour cream, bacon and cheese, and a large strawberry milkshake.[163] |
Daryl Linnie Mack | Murder | Nevada | 2006 | Lethal injection | Fish fillet sandwich, french fries and a soft drink.[102] |
Ernest Martin | Murder | Ohio | 2003 | Lethal injection | A cheeseburger, french fries, apple pie and a Pepsi.[164] |
Dennis B. McGuire | Murder | Ohio | 2014 | Lethal injection | Roast beef, fried chicken, a bagel with cream cheese, fried potatoes with onions, potato salad, butter pecan ice cream and a bottle of Coca-Cola.[165] |
Duncan Peder McKenzie Jr. | Murder | Montana | 1995 | Lethal injection | Tenderloin steak (medium), french fries, a tossed salad, orange sherbet and whole milk.[166] |
Amber McLaughlin | Murder and rape | Missouri | 2023 | Lethal injection | A cheeseburger, french fries, a strawberry milkshake and peanut M&Ms. |
Harold I. McQueen Jr. | Murder | Kentucky | 1997 | Electrocution | Two cheesecakes, shared with his attorney. |
Timothy McVeigh | Domestic terrorism and mass murder | Federal government | 2001 | Lethal injection | Two pints of mint chocolate chip ice cream.[167][168] |
Emeline Meaker | Murder | Vermont | 1883 | Hanging | Two boiled eggs, two slices of toast, a baked potato, a donut and a cup of coffee.[169] |
Carey Dean Moore | Murder | Nebraska | 2018 | Lethal injection | Pizza with bacon, beef, cheese and mushrooms, Pepsi, and strawberry cheesecake. |
Harry Charles Moore | Murder | Oregon | 1997 | Lethal injection | Two green apples, two red apples, a tray of fresh fruit and two 2-liter bottles of Coca-Cola. |
Richard Allen Moran | Murder | Nevada | 1996 | Lethal injection | Lasagna, chicken Parmesan, salad and ice cream.[102] |
Leon Moser | Murder | Pennsylvania | 1995 | Lethal injection | A large cheese pizza, cheese slices, cold cuts, pasta salad, iced cup cakes and a 2-liter bottle of Coca-Cola. |
John Allen Muhammad | Murder | Virginia | 2009 | Lethal injection | Chicken and several cakes.[170] |
Eric Randall Nance | Murder | Arkansas | 2005 | Lethal injection | Two bacon cheeseburgers, french fries, two pints of chocolate chip cookie dough ice cream, and two bottles of Coca-Cola. |
Jay Wesley Neill | Mass murder | Oklahoma | 2002 | Lethal injection | A double cheeseburger, french fries, peach or cherry cobbler, a pint of vanilla ice cream and a large bottle of cranberry-grape juice.[171] |
John B. Nixon | Murder | Mississippi | 2005 | Lethal injection | A T-bone steak (well done), buttered asparagus spears, a baked potato with sour cream, peach pie, vanilla ice cream and sweet tea.[172] |
Steven Howard Oken | Murder spree | Maryland | 2004 | Lethal injection | A chicken patty with potatoes and gravy, green beans, marble cake, milk and fruit punch, the regular prison meal of the day.[173] |
Elijah Page | Murder | South Dakota | 2007 | Lethal injection | Steak (medium), jalapeño peppers with cream sauce, onion rings, a salad with cherry tomatoes, ham chunks, shredded cheese, bacon bits, and blue cheese and ranch dressing, coffee, lemon iced tea, and ice cream. |
Manuel Pardo Jr. | Serial murder | Florida | 2012 | Lethal injection | Rice, red beans, roasted pork, plantains, avocado, tomatoes, olive oil, pumpkin pie, egg nog, and Cuban Coffee.[174] |
Joseph Mitchell Parsons | Murder | Utah | 1999 | Lethal injection | Three Burger King Whoppers, two large orders of french fries, a chocolate shake, chocolate chip ice cream, and a package of grape Hubba Bubba bubblegum, to be shared with his brother and a cousin.[175] |
Ronald Ray Phillips | Murder and rape | Ohio | 2017 | Lethal injection | A large cheese, bell pepper and mushroom pizza; strawberry cheesecake, a piece of unleavened bread, a bottle of Pepsi and grape juice.[176] |
Michael Kent Poland | Murder | Arizona | 1999 | Lethal injection | Three Fried eggs, sunny side up; four slices of bacon; one order of hash brown potatoes; two slices of whole wheat toast, with two pats of real butter; two individual serving size boxes of Raisin Bran cereal; two cartons of milk; two cups of Tasters Choice coffee.[142] |
Gilbert Postelle | Murder | Oklahoma | 2022 | Lethal injection | 20 chicken nuggets with Ranch, BBQ and honey mustard dips, three large servings of French fries with ketchup, a crispy chicken sandwich, a regular chicken sandwich, a large cola and a caramel frappe.[177] |
Dalton Prejean | Murder | Louisiana | 1990 | Electrocution | A seafood platter and an orange soda.[178] |
Marion Albert Pruett | Murder spree | Arkansas | 1999 | Lethal injection | A stuffed crust pizza from Pizza Hut, four Burger King Whoppers, a large order of french fries, three two-liter bottles of Pepsi, a bucket of ice, a bottle of ketchup, salt, fried eggplant, fried squash, fried okra, and a pecan pie. In an interview prior to his execution date, he said he was going to share his last meal with another inmate who was going to be executed the same day. He went on to say he originally wanted to have a roast duck for his last meal, but declined because he felt the prison would likely not prepare it. |
Gerhard Puff | Murder | Federal government | 1954 | Electrocution | Fried chicken, sweet potatoes, asparagus tips, brussels sprouts, cranberry sauce, salad and strawberry shortcake.[179] |
Ricky Ray Rector | Murder | Arkansas | 1992 | Lethal injection | Steak, fried chicken, cherry Kool-Aid, and a pecan pie. Rector, rendered mentally incapacitated by his suicide attempt after murdering a police officer, said that he did not eat the pie because he was "saving it for later".[180] |
Paul Ezra Rhoades | Murder spree | Idaho | 2011 | Lethal injection | Hot dogs, sauerkraut, mustard, ketchup, onions, relish, baked beans, veggie sticks, ranch dressing, fruit with gelatin and strawberry ice cream cups.[181] |
Christina Marie Riggs | Murder | Arkansas | 2000 | Lethal injection | Supreme pizza, salad, fried okra, cherry limeade and strawberry shortcake.[111] |
James Terry Roach | Murder and rape | South Carolina | 1986 | Electrocution | Fried shrimp, hush puppies, French Fries, tossed salad, cherry cheesecake and a soft drink.[182] |
Danny Rolling | Serial murder | Florida | 2006 | Lethal injection | Lobster tail, butterfly shrimp, baked potato, strawberry cheesecake, and sweet tea.[183] |
Michael Bruce Ross | Serial murder | Connecticut | 2005 | Lethal injection | Declined a special meal, but dined on the regular prison meal of the day: turkey à la king over rice, mixed vegetables, white bread, fruit, and a beverage.[184] |
Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti | Murder (case still open) | Massachusetts | 1927 | Electrocution | Soup, meat, toast and tea. |
Mark Dean Schwab | Murder | Florida | 2008 | Lethal injection | Fried eggs (over easy), bacon, sausage links, hash browns, buttered toast, and a quart of chocolate milk. |
Sean Richard Sellers | Serial murder | Oklahoma | 1999 | Lethal Injection | Eggrolls, sweet and sour shrimp, and batter-fried shrimp. |
Joseph Carl Shaw | Murder | South Carolina | 1985 | Electrocution | Pizza and tossed salad.[185] |
Perry Edward Smith and Richard Eugene Hickock | Mass murder | Kansas | 1965 | Hanging | Shrimp, french fries, garlic bread, ice cream, and strawberries with whipped cream.[26] |
Ruth Snyder | Murder | New York | 1928 | Electrocution | Chicken Parmesan with alfredo pasta, ice cream, two milkshakes, and a 12-pack of grape soda.[17] |
John Spenkelink | Murder | Florida | 1979 | Electrocution | A flask of Jack Daniel's, shared with the prison superintendent.[186] |
Frank G. Spisak | Murder | Ohio | 2011 | Lethal injection | Spaghetti with tomato sauce, a salad, chocolate cake and coffee.[187] |
Gerald Eugene Stano | Serial murder | Florida | 1998 | Electrocution | Delmonico steak, a baked potato with sour cream and bacon bits, tossed salad with Roquefort dressing, buttered lima beans, a half gallon of mint chocolate-chip ice cream, and a 2-litre bottle of Pepsi.[188] |
Charles Starkweather | Murder | Nebraska | 1959 | Electrocution | Declined the usual steak dinner, asking for assorted cold cuts instead. |
Brian David Steckel | Murder | Delaware | 2005 | Lethal injection | Cheesesteak, coleslaw, and a Pepsi-Cola. |
Raymond Lee Stewart | Murder spree | Illinois | 1996 | Lethal injection | Fried perch, potato salad, coleslaw, canned peaches and fruit juice.[189][190] |
Robert Austin Sullivan | Murder | Florida | 1983 | Electrocution | Steak, french fries, milk, and fresh strawberries.[191] |
Nicholas Todd Sutton | Serial murder | Tennessee | 2020 | Electrocution | Fried pork chops, mashed potatoes with gravy and peach pie with vanilla ice cream.[192] |
Joseph Taborsky | Murder spree | Connecticut | 1960 | Electrocution | Banana split, cherry soda, coffee with cream and sugar, and a pack of cigarettes. |
John Albert Taylor | Murder | Utah | 1996 | Firing squad | Antacid medicine, a cigarette, and pizzas "with everything."[193] |
William Paul Thompson | Serial murder | Nevada | 1989 | Lethal injection | Four double bacon cheeseburgers, french fries and a large Coke.[102] |
Robert Van Hook | Murder | Ohio | 2018 | Lethal injection | Double cheeseburgers, fries, strawberry cheesecake with whipped cream, a vanilla milkshake and grapefruit juice.[194] |
Charles Walker | Murder | Illinois | 1990 | Lethal injection | Fried wild rabbit, biscuits, and blackberry pie.[195] |
Keith Eugene Wells | Murder | Idaho | 1994 | Lethal injection | Whole lobster, well-done prime rib, fried potatoes, salad with tomatoes and onions and Italian dressing, two pints of ice cream, a half gallon of milk, a two-liter bottle of soda and two apple fritters.[196] |
Jerry White | Murder | Florida | 1995 | Electrocution | Grilled round steak, French fried potatoes, coleslaw, toast, and orange juice.[197] |
Dobie Gillis Williams | Murder | Louisiana | 1999 | Lethal injection | Twelve chocolate bars and some ice cream. |
Kenneth Dewayne Williams | Serial murder | Arkansas | 2017 | Lethal injection | Two pieces of fried chicken with a side of sweet rice, BBQ pinto beans, a slice of bread, a peanut butter cookie, and a cinnamon roll.[198] |
Marion Wilson Jr. | Murder | Georgia | 2019 | Lethal injection | One medium thin-crust pizza with everything, 20 buffalo wings, one pint of butter pecan ice cream, some apple pie and grape juice.[199] |
Hastings Arthur Wise | Mass murder | South Carolina | 2005 | Lethal injection | Lobster tail, french fries, coleslaw, banana pudding and milk.[200] |
Elijah Green Wood | Murder | Arkansas | 1913 | Hanging | Chicken, ice cream, cake, cantaloupe and a bottle of beer.[201] |
Joseph Rudolph Wood III | Murder | Arizona | 2014 | Lethal injection | Two cookies.[142] |
Philip Ray Workman | Murder | Tennessee | 2007 | Lethal injection | Declined a special meal for himself, but he asked for a large vegetarian pizza to be given to a homeless person in Nashville, Tennessee. This request was denied by the prison, but carried out by others across the country.[202][203] |
Douglas Franklin Wright | Serial murder | Oregon | 1996 | Lethal injection | One honey bun. |
Matthew Eric Wrinkles | Murder | Indiana | 2009 | Lethal injection | Prime rib, a "loaded" baked potato, pork chops with steak fries, rolls and two salads with ranch dressing.[204] |
Aileen Wuornos | Serial murder | Florida | 2002 | Lethal injection | Declined a special meal, but had a hamburger and other snack food from the prison's canteen. Later, she drank a cup of coffee.[115] |
Edmund Zagorski | Murder | Tennessee | 2018 | Electrocution | Pickled ham hocks and pig tails. |
Keith Zettlemoyer | Murder | Pennsylvania | 1995 | Lethal injection | Two cheeseburgers, fries, chocolate pudding and chocolate milk.[205] |
William G. Zuern Jr. | Murder | Ohio | 2004 | Lethal injection | Mashed potatoes and gravy, lasagna, macaroni and cheese, corn, garlic bread, chocolate milk, and cherry cheesecake. |
See also
References
- ↑ The Book of Lists #3. Bantam. 1983. pp. 85–87. ISBN 978-0-553-27868-2.
- ↑ "Death Row Fact Sheet". Florida Department of Corrections. Archived from the original on 12 June 2008. Retrieved 11 November 2007.
- 1 2 Turner, Allan (23 September 2011). "Last-meal requests come to an end on Texas death row". Houston Chronicle. Archived from the original on 24 September 2011. Retrieved 23 September 2011.
- ↑ "Last-meal requests off death row menu". 22 September 2011. Archived from the original on 25 September 2011. Retrieved 25 September 2011.
- ↑ Ward, Mike. "Last Meals for Condemned Cons Off Menu". Austin American Statesman. Archived from the original on 23 September 2011. Retrieved 22 September 2011.
- ↑ "Texas jails abolish last meals after uneaten banquet". BBC Online. 23 September 2011. Archived from the original on 24 September 2011. Retrieved 24 September 2011.
- ↑ Fernandez, Manny (23 September 2011). "Texas Death Row Kitchen Cooks Its Last 'Last Meal'". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 25 September 2011. Retrieved 24 September 2011.
- ↑ "Death Row the Final 24 Hours Documentary & Discovery HD Channel Official". YouTube.
- ↑ "Roger Casement". 20 December 2010. Archived from the original on 21 August 2016. Retrieved 13 August 2016.
- ↑ "Albert Pierrepoint hanged Ruth Ellis but she was just one of more than 400". 22 March 2018. Retrieved 4 January 2023.
- ↑ "JURIDICTION ADMINISTRATIVE — Strasbourg" [ADMINISTRATIVE JURISDICTION — Strasbourg] (in French). Le Droit. 7 August 1854 – via RetroNews.
- ↑ "The Southeast Missourian – Google News Archive Search". news.google.com. Archived from the original on 10 October 2021. Retrieved 21 October 2020.
- ↑ Riebsamen, Hans (19 September 2021). "Frankfurter Giftmörder mit Doppelleben". Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung. Retrieved 12 December 2023.
- ↑ "Räuber Mathias Kneißl bis heute eine bayerische Legende – Vor 100 Jahren hingerichtet – ... Vor der Hinrichtung sechs Glas Bier". Der neue Tag (Weiden in der Oberpfalz) (in German). 22 February 2002. Archived from the original on 21 January 2021. Retrieved 7 August 2020.
- 1 2 3 The Book of Lists #3. Bantam. 1983. p. 86. ISBN 978-0-553-27868-2.
- ↑ Jordan, David Peter (2004). The King's Trial: Louis XVI Vs. the French Revolution. University of California Press. p. 211. ISBN 978-0-52023-697-4.
- 1 2 The Book of Lists #3. Bantam. 1983. p. 85. ISBN 978-0-553-27868-2.
- ↑ Wetzel, Holger (5 November 2011). "Das letzte Essen". Thüringer Allgemeine (in German). Retrieved 3 March 2023.
- ↑ Schnaibel, Marlies (4 October 2021). "Als ein Massenmörder am Falkenhager See sein Unwesen trieb". Märkische Allgemeine. Retrieved 13 December 2023.
- ↑ Unger, Benjamin (23 May 2021). ""Onkel Tick-Tack" und die toten Jungen: Der Fall Adolf Seefeld". Norddeutscher Rundfunk. Retrieved 13 December 2023.
- 1 2 "Ibu Imam Samudra Tak Ikhlas Anaknya Dieksekusi". detiknews (in Indonesian). 3 November 2008. Archived from the original on 27 April 2021. Retrieved 27 April 2021.
- ↑ "EKSKLUSIF : Sebelum Dieksekusi Mati, Freddy Budiman Minta Otak-Otak Bangka". Bangka Pos (in Indonesian). 29 July 2016. Archived from the original on 27 April 2021. Retrieved 27 April 2021.
- ↑ "Bali Nine executions: Families of Andrew Chan, Myuran Sukumaran say last goodbyes". News.com.au. 29 April 2015. Archived from the original on 5 May 2015. Retrieved 5 May 2015.
- ↑ Pan, Jason (11 May 2016). "MRT murderer executed with appeal unheard". Archived from the original on 13 February 2018. Retrieved 13 February 2018.
- ↑ "Asia-Pacific – Philippines stay of execution welcomed". BBC News –. Archived from the original on 22 December 2015. Retrieved 13 December 2015.
- 1 2 3 4 5 "No Seconds". Time. 23 May 1994. Archived from the original on 30 September 2007. Retrieved 11 August 2007.
- ↑ "Mona Fandey – A modern witchcraft murder". CapitalpunishmentUK.org. Archived from the original on 28 October 2012. Retrieved 24 April 2013.
- ↑ "Mona Fandey, hubby and assistant hanged". The Star (Malaysia). 3 November 2001. Archived from the original on 2 August 2013. Retrieved 24 April 2013.
- ↑ Parker, Ned; Hamdani, Ali (1 January 2007). "How one mobile phone made Saddam's hanging a very public execution". The Times (UK). London. Archived from the original on 29 June 2011. Retrieved 7 May 2010.
- ↑ "Saddam Hussein Last Meal". Archived from the original on 24 February 2022. Retrieved 22 February 2019 – via Google.
- ↑ Shaikh, Asseem; Tanksale, Mihir; Isalkar, Umesh (22 November 2012). "Ajmal Kasab sang in cell the night before". The Times of India. Pune. TNN. Archived from the original on 4 January 2013. Retrieved 7 December 2012.
- ↑ "Ajmal Kasab had 'masala chai' before going to gallows". Mid-Day. NDTV. 22 November 2012. Archived from the original on 21 September 2019. Retrieved 8 May 2020.
- ↑ Deshpande, Vivek; Rajput, Rashmi (31 July 2015). "And they hanged Yakub Memon". The Indian Express. Archived from the original on 5 August 2020. Retrieved 12 August 2020.
- ↑ "John Martin Scripps". Capitalpunishmentuk.org. Archived from the original on 23 November 2012. Retrieved 29 June 2013.
- ↑ "Seven days of horror and hope': What happens during someone's last days on death row in Singapore". Coconuts. 25 April 2023.
- ↑ "Executed S'porean Inmate Learnt About Dismissed Appeal While Meeting Family, Last Photos Show Him Smiling". Must Share News. 26 April 2023.
- ↑ Zon, Fadli (2012). Hari terakhir Kartosoewirjo: 81 Foto Eksekusi mati Imam DI/TII (in Indonesian). Jakarta: Fadli Zon Library. ISBN 978-602-99458-4-3.
- ↑ "Sebelum Dieksekusi, Astini Minta Apel dan Duit". detiknews (in Indonesian). 18 March 2005. Archived from the original on 27 April 2021. Retrieved 27 April 2021.
- ↑ Maharani, Shinta (2 October 2015). "EKSKLUSIF G30S: Sebelum Didor Aidit Minta Rokok ke Eksekutor". Tempo (in Indonesian). Retrieved 17 March 2022.
- ↑ "Tojo hideki as a war leader", British and Japanese Military Leadership in the Far Eastern War, 1941–45, Routledge, pp. 39–51, 12 November 2012, doi:10.4324/9780203061923-10, ISBN 9780203061923, retrieved 9 January 2023
- ↑ Hoshowsky, Robert J (2007). The last to die : Ronald Turpin, Arthur Lucas and the end of capital punishment in Canada. Toronto: Dundurn Press. p. 174. ISBN 9781550026726.
- 1 2 3 4 5 "LAST MEALS ARE QUIRKY CUSTOM". Deseret News. 8 July 1990. Retrieved 4 April 2022.
- ↑ "Excerpts From an Interview With Stanley Tookie Williams". Der Spiegel. 13 December 2005. Archived from the original on 24 February 2022. Retrieved 9 August 2020.
- ↑ "The last meals of executed criminals". CBS News. 15 August 2011. Archived from the original on 22 June 2017. Retrieved 9 August 2020.
- ↑ "Executed Inmate Summary – Keith Daniel Williams". California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation. Archived from the original on 19 December 2021. Retrieved 19 December 2021.
- ↑ "Executed Inmate Summary – Thomas M Thompson". California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation. Archived from the original on 1 March 2021. Retrieved 23 March 2021.
- ↑ Marosi, Richard; Hernandez, Greg (9 February 1999). "Convicted Killer Siripongs Put to Death". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 19 December 2021. Retrieved 19 December 2021.
- ↑ "Executed Inmate Summary – Robert Lee Massie". California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation. Archived from the original on 23 October 2021. Retrieved 23 October 2021.
- ↑ "Capital Punishment – Harris, Robert Alton". California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation. Archived from the original on 8 August 2007. Retrieved 11 August 2007.
- ↑ Morrow, Lance (4 May 1992). "Television Dances With the Reaper". Time. Archived from the original on 3 June 2008. Retrieved 11 August 2007.
- ↑ Kellerman, Jonathan, ed. (2008). "Dean of Death Row (by Tad Friend)". The best American crime reporting, 2008. New York: Harper Perennial. p. 143. ISBN 978-0-06-149083-5.
- ↑ Fernandez, Elizabeth (8 July 1990). "LAST MEALS ARE QUIRKY CUSTOM". Deseret News. Archived from the original on 2 October 2020. Retrieved 9 August 2020.
- ↑ Racine, Hope (25 September 2015). "What 13 Female Killers Ate For Their Last Meals". Bustle. Archived from the original on 8 November 2020. Retrieved 21 September 2020.
- ↑ Gribben, Mark. "William Bonin: The Freeway Killer". Crime Library. Archived from the original on 5 June 2008. Retrieved 11 August 2007.
- ↑ "Clarence Ray Allen". Clark County Prosecutor. Archived from the original on 23 May 2012. Retrieved 29 September 2010.
- ↑ "Stephen Wayne Anderson". Clark County Prosecutor. Archived from the original on 14 April 2013. Retrieved 29 September 2010.
- ↑ Tempest, Rone (19 January 2005). "California Executes Confessed Murderer". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 14 March 2021. Retrieved 18 March 2021.
- ↑ Reid, Claire (28 January 2022). "'Intellectually Disabled' Death Row Inmate Executed After Bizarre Last Meal". LADbible. Retrieved 24 August 2022.
- ↑ Hyrnkiw, Ivana (8 February 2019). "Alabama executes Domineque Ray for 1995 killing of Selma teen". AL.com. Retrieved 18 April 2022.
- ↑ Faulk, Kent (19 April 2018). "Walter Leroy Moody executed for 1989 bombing that killed Judge Robert Vance". AL.com. Retrieved 18 April 2022.
- ↑ "Nathaniel Woods executed in Alabama after Supreme Court denies stay". ABC News. Archived from the original on 30 March 2020. Retrieved 28 June 2020.
- ↑ Kirby, Brendan (27 May 2010). "Thomas Whisenhant executed for 1976 kidnapping, rape and murder". The Huntsville Times. Archived from the original on 27 December 2021. Retrieved 27 December 2021.
- ↑ Gray, Jeremy (22 January 2015). "'Crime does not pay': The final words, meals of Alabama's executed inmates". AL.com. Archived from the original on 29 September 2020. Retrieved 9 August 2020.
- ↑ Knafo, Saki (23 November 2011). "Texas Ends Last Meal Tradition For Death Row Inmates". Archived from the original on 6 January 2019. Retrieved 5 January 2019.
- ↑ "Texas Executes Convicted Killer who won Late Reprieve in 1983". The New York Times. 14 March 1984. Archived from the original on 8 March 2021. Retrieved 12 August 2020.
- 1 2 "Final Meal Requests". Texas Department of Criminal Justice. 12 September 2003. Archived from the original on 2 December 2003. Retrieved 11 August 2007.
- ↑ Lawrence, Scott (21 September 2011). "Lawrence Russell Brewer refuses to eat final meal". KFDM News. Archived from the original on 17 February 2012. Retrieved 10 February 2013.
- ↑ "Texas kills fancy last meal requests on death row". Reuters. 23 September 2011. Archived from the original on 6 March 2016. Retrieved 22 September 2011.
- ↑ "Charlie Brooks Jr". Clark Prosecutor. Archived from the original on 23 April 2021. Retrieved 12 August 2020.
- ↑ Reavis, Dick (1983). "Charlie Brooks' Last Words". Texas Monthly. Archived from the original on 27 September 2020. Retrieved 12 August 2020.
- ↑ Stampler, Laura (21 February 2013). "These Are The Last Meals of Innocent Men Who Were Executed". Business Insider. Archived from the original on 9 March 2021. Retrieved 5 September 2020.
- ↑ "Richard Cartwright". Clark Prosecutor. Archived from the original on 19 January 2020. Retrieved 12 August 2020.
- ↑ "Final Meal Requests." Texas Department of Criminal Justice. 1 October 2003. Retrieved on 4 December 2010.
- ↑ Mears, Bill (8 June 2011). "Mexican national executed in Texas". CNN. Archived from the original on 8 October 2020. Retrieved 12 August 2020.
- ↑ "The last meals of US prisoners on death row". BBC News. 16 August 2020. Archived from the original on 2 September 2020. Retrieved 5 September 2020.
- ↑ Verhovek, Sam Howe (4 January 1998). "Word for Word / Last Meals; For the Condemned in Texas, Cheeseburgers Without Mercy". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 9 November 2020. Retrieved 12 February 2020.
- ↑ "Houston man is executed for 1981 slaying". Austin American-Statesman. 24 May 1989. p. 22. Archived from the original on 3 October 2021. Retrieved 3 October 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
- ↑ "UPI Focus: Texas executes serial killer". United Press International. 17 November 1998. Archived from the original on 24 February 2022. Retrieved 12 August 2020.
- ↑ "Final Meal Requests". Texas Department of Criminal Justice. Archived from the original on 2 December 2003. Retrieved 12 August 2020.
- ↑ "Eric Charles Nenno". Clark Prosecutor. Archived from the original on 23 November 2020. Retrieved 12 August 2020.
- ↑ "Death row inmate faces Wednesday execution". United Press International. 19 September 1989. Archived from the original on 3 October 2021. Retrieved 3 October 2021.
- 1 2 Collins, Nick (7 December 2010). "Last meals: weird requests on death row". telegraph.co.uk. Archived from the original on 12 January 2022. Retrieved 15 February 2018.
- ↑ "Karla Faye Tucker's last hours?". CNN. 3 February 1998. Archived from the original on 24 February 2022. Retrieved 9 August 2020.
- ↑ "Convicted killer dies by injection". Belleville News-Democrat. 20 September 1995. p. 14. Archived from the original on 22 November 2021. Retrieved 22 November 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
- ↑ "Jack Edward Alderman". Clark Prosecutor. Retrieved 18 April 2022.
- ↑ Bigg, Matthew (19 October 2007). "Georgia death row inmate gets stay of execution". Reuters. Retrieved 18 April 2022.
- ↑ Allen, Samantha (25 February 2015). "On Death Row, Women Want Salad for Last Meal". The Daily Beast. Archived from the original on 3 August 2020. Retrieved 8 August 2020.
- ↑ The Book of Lists #3. Bantam. 1983. pp. 86–87. ISBN 978-0-553-27868-2.
- ↑ "UPI Focus: Arnold executed in South Carolina". United Press International. 6 March 1998. Retrieved 24 August 2022.
- ↑ ""Happiest Man" in death cell dies in chair". The St. Petersburg Times. 7 January 1939. Archived from the original on 22 January 2022. Retrieved 10 January 2011.
- ↑ Kam, Dara (24 August 2017). "Florida executes Mark James Asay in 1987 Jacksonville murders". Tallahassee Democrat. Retrieved 10 April 2022.
- ↑ Provance, Jim (28 September 2005). "Ashworth is executed for 1996 beating death". The Blade. Archived from the original on 24 February 2022. Retrieved 15 August 2020.
- ↑ "Frank Atwood declines, then accepts last meal before execution". KGUN. 8 June 2022. Retrieved 28 June 2022.
- ↑ Freudberg, Frank (25 January 1996). "Murderer hanged in Delaware". United Press International. Archived from the original on 24 February 2022. Retrieved 11 August 2020.
- ↑ "Last Meals on Death Row (2005)". Dead Man Eating. Archived from the original on 3 July 2007. Retrieved 11 August 2007.
- ↑ Schmidt, William (3 November 1984). "First Woman Is Executed in U.S. Since 1962". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 4 June 2008. Retrieved 11 August 2007.
- ↑ Higgins, Will (15 August 2017). "This man was the last to be hung in Indianapolis, and someone else ate his last meal". The Indianapolis Star. Retrieved 24 August 2022.
- ↑ Serrano, Richard A. (10 September 2000). "Pvt. John Bennett Is the Only U.S. Soldier Executed for Rape in Peacetime". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 24 August 2022.
- ↑ "Trump Administration Executes Brandon Bernard After Jurors Plead For His Life". HuffPost. 11 December 2020. Archived from the original on 11 January 2022. Retrieved 11 January 2022.
- ↑ Ryan, Perry T. (1992). "24. Final Preparations for the Hanging". The Last Public Execution in America. Ryan, Perry T. ISBN 978-0-9625504-5-4. Archived from the original on 28 June 2011. Retrieved 31 January 2011.
- ↑ Leckrone, Jim (8 December 2009). "Ohio executes inmate with untried injection method". Reuters. Retrieved 18 April 2022.
- 1 2 3 4 5 McGinness, Brett (3 November 2017). "16 last meal requests from Nevada's death-row inmates". Reno Gazette-Journal. Archived from the original on 24 February 2022. Retrieved 10 March 2021.
- 1 2 Capatides, Christina (4 January 2017). "Last meals of 2016's death row inmates". CBS News. Archived from the original on 23 March 2021. Retrieved 13 March 2021.
- ↑ Saltz, Mark (7 January 2010). "Murderer apologizes before his execution at Louisiana State Penitentiary". The Times-Picayune/The New Orleans Advocate. Archived from the original on 13 September 2018. Retrieved 12 June 2021.
- ↑ Jolly, Bradley; Murphy, Neil (22 August 2019). "Gary Bowles execution: Serial killer chooses calorific American classic for final meal". Mirror.
- ↑ Mai-Duc, Christine (13 January 2015). "Georgia executes man for 1998 slaying of sheriff's deputy". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 27 April 2021. Retrieved 27 April 2021.
- ↑ Sherwood, Tom; La Franiere, Shannon (19 April 1985). "James Briley Dies In Electric Chair". The Washington Post. Retrieved 18 April 2022.
{{cite news}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ↑ "Linwood". Daily Press. 13 October 1984. Retrieved 18 April 2022.
- ↑ Dresch, Matthew (2 October 2019). "Final meal of Death Row inmate Russell Bucklew who raped ex and killed her lover". Mirror UK. Archived from the original on 3 October 2019. Retrieved 3 October 2019.
- ↑ Dresch, Matthew (22 May 2014). "Final meal of Death Row inmate Russell Bucklew who raped ex and killed her lover". Southeast Missourian.
- 1 2 Racine, Hope (25 September 2015). "What 13 Female Killers Ate For Their Last Meals". Bustle. Archived from the original on 8 November 2020. Retrieved 8 August 2020.
- ↑ Paula Tully Bryant. "Timeline: 1989 – A History of Corrections in Florida". Florida Department of Corrections. Archived from the original on 18 November 2007. Retrieved 11 August 2007.
- ↑ "Convicted murderer requests bacon cheeseburger, steak for last meal". Action News Jax. 27 April 2018. Retrieved 24 August 2022.
- ↑ "UPI Focus: Oklahoma executes 22-year-old". United Press International. 8 May 1997. Archived from the original on 29 April 2021. Retrieved 29 April 2021.
- 1 2 "Last Meals on Death Row (2002)". Dead Man Eating. Archived from the original on 29 September 2007. Retrieved 11 August 2007.
- ↑ "Edward Castro". Clark Prosecutor. Retrieved 8 January 2023.
- ↑ "Richard Wade Cooey II #1124". clarkprosecutor.org. Archived from the original on 18 November 2016. Retrieved 13 May 2017.
- ↑ "Allen Lee "Tiny" Davis". Clark County Prosecutor. Archived from the original on 5 December 2019. Retrieved 17 April 2008.
- ↑ Ryckman, Lisa (14 October 1997). "Davis pays final price". Rocky Mountain News. Archived from the original on 17 June 2009. Retrieved 18 October 2010.
{{cite news}}
: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - ↑ "Troy Davis put to death in Georgia". CNN. 22 September 2011. Archived from the original on 27 April 2021. Retrieved 27 April 2021.
- ↑ Geiger, Dorian (3 May 2022). "Missouri Man Whose Death Sentence Was Overturned, Then Restored Three Times To Be Executed". Oxygen. Retrieved 4 May 2022.
- ↑ Firing Squad Ends Career of Murderer. Telegraph Herald, 31 October 1938, p. 1.
- ↑ "Last Meals on Death Row (2006)". Dead Man Eating. Archived from the original on 3 July 2007. Retrieved 11 August 2007.
- ↑ Ortiz, Erik (11 May 2022). "Arizona puts inmate Clarence Dixon to death in state's first execution in 8 years". NBC News. Retrieved 21 August 2022.
- ↑ Egan, Timothy (6 January 1993). "For First Time Since '65, A State Uses Its Gallows". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 3 March 2017. Retrieved 2 March 2017.
- ↑ Murphy, Sean (17 December 2010). "Oklahoma executes man with new drug combination". The Oklahoman. Associated Press. Archived from the original on 2 January 2011. Retrieved 31 January 2011.
- ↑ Cornwall, Warren; Haley, Jim; North, Scott (27 August 2001). "Elledge's final day includes breakfast but no sunset". The Everett Herald. Archived from the original on 3 February 2020. Retrieved 12 August 2020.
- ↑ "John Joseph Fautenberry". Clark County Prosecutor. Retrieved 18 April 2022.
- ↑ "Federal govt.'s last execution was in Iowa in 1963". USA Today. 20 June 2001. Archived from the original on 4 June 2008. Retrieved 11 August 2007.
- ↑ Galindo, Dan (19 August 2006). "Local man put to death; Flippen's parents, Britnie's family watch execution". Winston-Salem Journal. Archived from the original on 12 August 2007. Retrieved 8 May 2021.
- ↑ Pittman, Amber (6 June 2010). "Ford denied clemency, will be executed Wednesday". Covnews. Archived from the original on 12 June 2010. Retrieved 12 August 2020.
- 1 2 Peck, John (5 January 2006). "Last Meals". Tucson Weekly. Archived from the original on 29 June 2011. Retrieved 11 August 2007.
- ↑ Sanchez, Ray (18 June 2010). "Ronnie Lee Gardner Executed by Firing Squad in Utah". Good Morning America. pp. 1–4. Archived from the original on 5 February 2015. Retrieved 18 June 2010.
- ↑ Cook, Rhonda (17 March 2018). "Carlton Gary wants nothing special for his last meal". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Archived from the original on 27 April 2021. Retrieved 27 April 2021.
- ↑ Ramsland, Katherine. "Gary Gilmore: Death Wish". Crime Library. Archived from the original on 2 August 2008. Retrieved 11 August 2007.
- ↑ "Gissendaner requests last meal, less food than previous last meal". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. 5 September 2016. Archived from the original on 24 February 2022. Retrieved 9 August 2020.
- ↑ Waters, John (9 March 1984). "Next Stop: The Electric Chair". Baltimore City Paper. Archived from the original on 10 November 2013. Retrieved 12 August 2020.
- ↑ "Gore executed, nearly 30 years after string of murders". Gainesville Sun. Archived from the original on 22 February 2017. Retrieved 12 April 2012.
- ↑ Dulaney, Josh; Oklahoman, The (28 October 2021). "Who was John Grant? What we know about the first person to be executed in Oklahoma since 2015". Oklahoman. Archived from the original on 25 January 2022. Retrieved 25 May 2022.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - ↑ Schwartzman, Paul; Finnegan, Michael (20 March 1995). "Grasso Is Put To Death; Poem, Complaint His Final Words". New York Daily News. Archived from the original on 22 March 2012. Retrieved 26 December 2009.
- ↑ Revere, C. T. (23 January 1997). "Greenawalt executed for murders". Tucson Citizen. Archived from the original on 29 November 2021. Retrieved 24 January 2018.
- 1 2 3 4 5 "Last Meals Request". Arizona Department of Corrections. Archived from the original on 27 April 2021. Retrieved 27 April 2021.
- ↑ "Scott Allen Hain". Clark Prosecutor. Archived from the original on 1 November 2020. Retrieved 5 September 2020.
- 1 2 Schmidt, Samantha (13 January 2021). "The last time a woman was executed for a federal crime, a kidnapping riveted the nation". The Washington Post. Retrieved 24 August 2022.
- ↑ "Last Meals on Death Row (2003)". Dead Man Eating. Archived from the original on 3 July 2007. Retrieved 11 August 2007.
- ↑ Wolcott, Martin Gilman (1 January 2004). The Evil 100. Citadel Press. p. 286. ISBN 978-0-8065-2555-6. Retrieved 5 June 2010.
- ↑ Rondeaux, Cace (21 July 2006). "Murderer Executed by Electric Chair". The Washington Post. Retrieved 24 August 2022.
- ↑ Gallman, Stephanie (28 January 2015). "Georgia executes man despite disability claim". CNN. Archived from the original on 27 April 2021. Retrieved 27 April 2021.
- ↑ "Daryl Keith Holton". Clark Prosecutor. Retrieved 21 August 2022.
- ↑ Fallis, Patterson (5 October 2021). "State executes Ernest Johnson 27 years after Columbia triple murder". KOMU News. Retrieved 21 April 2021.
- ↑ "Shannon Johnson executed minutes before 3 a.m. deadline". Middletown Transcript. 20 April 2012. Archived from the original on 12 March 2021. Retrieved 12 March 2021.
- ↑ Demillo, Andrew; Kissel, Kelly P. (25 April 2017). "Arkansas puts two inmates to death in state's first double execution since 2000". The Independent. Archived from the original on 12 May 2021. Retrieved 17 March 2021.
- ↑ Hallock, Betty (12 November 2013). "Brooks Headley at Bar Marmont, 'Last Meal on Death Row' exhibit, more". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 23 March 2021. Retrieved 23 March 2021.
- ↑ Kreiter, Marcella S. (9 March 1981). "Steven T. Judy says he's sorry before dying". United Press International. Archived from the original on 24 February 2022. Retrieved 12 September 2021.
- ↑ "Killer Calmly Goes To Death". The Florence Times. Associated Press. 7 June 1958. p. 1. Archived from the original on 10 October 2021. Retrieved 4 October 2010.
- ↑ "State executes man who killed couple, guard". Star–Banner. 7 January 2014. Archived from the original on 24 November 2020.
- 1 2 Enea, Joe (2 April 2016). "Brothers executed after botched bank robbery". KNXV-TV. Archived from the original on 7 January 2021. Retrieved 23 September 2020.
- ↑ Kandra, Greg (22 April 2017). "Ledell Lee's last meal: Holy Communion". Aleteia. Archived from the original on 24 April 2017. Retrieved 23 April 2017.
- ↑ Glod, Maria (23 September 2010). "Teresa Lewis pronounced dead by Va. authorities". The Washington Post. p. 2. Archived from the original on 29 June 2011. Retrieved 23 September 2010.
- ↑ Robinson, Ryan (7 February 2001). "Gay prisoner executed in Missouri". ABC News. Archived from the original on 23 November 2014. Retrieved 12 July 2020.
- ↑ Zoroya, Gregg; Winter, Michael (29 April 2014). "Botched execution could slam brakes on death penalty". USA Today. Archived from the original on 26 April 2021. Retrieved 27 April 2021.
- ↑ Davidson, Tom (23 May 2019). "Serial killer Bobby Joe Long requests special final meal ahead of execution". Mirror.co.uk. Archived from the original on 26 May 2019. Retrieved 24 August 2019.
- ↑ Chappell, Tami (7 May 2008). "U.S. executes first inmate after moratorium". Reuters. Archived from the original on 18 October 2021. Retrieved 18 October 2021.
- ↑ "Ernest Martin". Clark Prosecutor. Retrieved 18 April 2022.
- ↑ Sweigart, Josh (15 January 2014). "Local killer orders roast beef, fried chicken for last meal before execution". Dayton Daily News. Archived from the original on 12 April 2019. Retrieved 14 June 2021.
- ↑ "McKenzie's last meal steak, fries". Great Falls Tribune. 10 May 1995. Archived from the original on 24 February 2022. Retrieved 27 March 2021.
- ↑ Quayle, Catherine (11 June 2001). "Execution of an American Terrorist". Court TV. Archived from the original on 10 November 2012. Retrieved 24 August 2011.
- ↑ Cosby, Rita (12 June 2001). "Timothy McVeigh Put to Death for Oklahoma City Bombings". Fox News. Archived from the original on 13 April 2008. Retrieved 11 August 2007.
- ↑ "A Life for a Life, Hanging of Mrs. Emeline Lucy Meaker at Windsor Prison", Burlington Free Press and Times. 31 March 1883.
- ↑ Meserve, Jeanne; Ahlers, Mike M. (11 November 2009). "Sniper John Allen Muhammad executed". Jarratt, Virginia: CNN. Archived from the original on 15 January 2018. Retrieved 2 October 2010.
The lawyer said Muhammad's last meal was "chicken and red sauce, and he had some cakes.
- ↑ "Jay Wesley Neill". Clark Prosecutor. Archived from the original on 3 November 2019. Retrieved 12 August 2020.
- ↑ "John B. Nixon Sr". Clark Prosecutor. Archived from the original on 17 October 2018. Retrieved 12 August 2020.
- ↑ "Steven Howard Oken". Clark Prosecutor. Archived from the original on 20 January 2020. Retrieved 12 August 2020.
- ↑ "Florida executes ex-cop for killing 9 in 1986". USA Today. 11 December 2012. Archived from the original on 29 January 2021. Retrieved 23 January 2021.
- ↑ Bryson, Amy Joi (14 October 1999). "Death wish Execution comes 12 years after murder at rest stop". Deseret News. p. 3. Retrieved 27 September 2010.
- ↑ Zaranec, Erin (26 July 2017). "Who is Ronald Phillips? The man executed Wednesday for raping and killing a 3-year-old girl in 1993". News 5 Cleveland. Archived from the original on 26 October 2020. Retrieved 12 August 2020.
- ↑ Clay, Nolan; Kliewer, Addison. "Oklahoma execution: Gilbert Ray Postelle, who killed four in Del City, put to death". The Oklahoman. Retrieved 21 August 2022.
- ↑ Watsky, Steven (18 May 1990). "Cop-killer dies in Louisiana electric chair". United Press International. Retrieved 24 August 2022.
- ↑ Gonnerman, Jennifer (18 January 2005). "The Last Executioner". The Village Voice. Retrieved 24 August 2022.
- ↑ Beam, Christopher. "Can a prisoner request anything for his last meal?". Slate. Archived from the original on 9 June 2010. Retrieved 5 June 2010.
- ↑ "Rhoades' Last Meal". Idaho Department of Correction. 17 November 2011. Archived from the original on 1 December 2021. Retrieved 1 December 2021.
- ↑ Stracener, William (10 January 1986). "Murderer Convicted at Age 17 Executed". Associated Press. Retrieved 24 August 2022.
- ↑ "'Gainesville Ripper' Danny Rolling Executed". WESH. 25 October 2006. Archived from the original on 21 February 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2010.
- ↑ "Michael Bruce Ross". Clark County Prosecutor. Archived from the original on 1 August 2012. Retrieved 7 January 2010.
- ↑ "Former Altar Boy Executed in S. Carolina". Los Angeles Times. 12 January 1985. Archived from the original on 10 January 2020. Retrieved 26 March 2021.
- ↑ "A "little glass of rum," ; Weirdest Last Meal Requests On Death Row !!!". East Coast Daily. 2 October 2020. Retrieved 18 April 2022.
- ↑ "Frank G. Spisak Jr". Clark Prosecutor. Retrieved 24 August 2022.
- ↑ Griffin, Michael (23 March 1998). "Execution flurry begins". The Orlando Sentinel. p. 1. Archived from the original on 24 August 2017. Retrieved 27 July 2017 – via newspapers.com.
- ↑ Thompson, Don (18 September 1996). "Condemned man gets final wish; meets with Cardinal Bernardin". The Daily Herald. p. 78. Archived from the original on 10 December 2021. Retrieved 10 December 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
- ↑ "If you believe this one, there's this bridge..." The Daily Herald. 13 September 1996. p. 280. Archived from the original on 10 December 2021. Retrieved 10 December 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
- ↑ Atkinson, Rick (1 December 1983). "Sullivan Executed in Florida Electric Chair". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 28 August 2017. Retrieved 27 September 2021.
- ↑ Dorman, Travis (19 February 2020). "Tennessee death row inmate Nicholas Sutton chooses last meal before scheduled execution". Knoxville News Sentinel. Archived from the original on 18 April 2021. Retrieved 25 November 2021.
- ↑ Schindler, Hal (28 January 1996). "Taylor's Death Was Quick . . . But Some Weren't So Lucky". The Salt Lake Tribune. Archived from the original on 10 June 2010. Retrieved 26 June 2010.
- ↑ "'I'm no good': Cincinnati killer Robert Van Hook executed by lethal injection". WLWT. 19 July 2018. Archived from the original on 19 January 2021. Retrieved 26 December 2020.
- ↑ Persky-Hooper, Marci (12 September 1990). "Walker executed by lethal injection". Daily Republican-Register. p. 5. Archived from the original on 3 December 2021. Retrieved 3 December 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
- ↑ "Idaho executes confessed double murderer". The Daily Herald. 6 January 1994. p. 12. Archived from the original on 21 November 2021. Retrieved 21 November 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
- ↑ Salamone, Debbie (5 December 1995). "Jerry White Pays Ultimate Price For '81 Murder". Orlando Sentinel. pp. A1 – via Newspapers.com.
- ↑ Chavez, Nicole (29 April 2017). "Kenneth Williams' execution: The last hours leading to his death". CNN. Archived from the original on 18 January 2022. Retrieved 18 January 2022.
- ↑ "Georgia killer makes last meal request ahead of execution". ajc.com. 13 June 2019. Archived from the original on 19 June 2019. Retrieved 21 June 2019.
- ↑ "Famous Death Row Last Meals". HuffPost. 17 June 2011. Archived from the original on 17 February 2017. Retrieved 16 February 2017.
- ↑ "SLAYER FEASTS ON EVE OF EXECUTION". Arkansas Gazette. 14 July 1913 – via Newspapers.com.
- ↑ Fantz, Ashley (9 May 2007). "Killer orders pizza for homeless as last meal". CNN. Archived from the original on 15 May 2007. Retrieved 11 August 2007.
- ↑ "Last Meals on Death Row (2007)". Dead Man Eating. Archived from the original on 12 August 2007. Retrieved 12 August 2007.
- ↑ "Wrinkles Awaits Death For Triple Murder". WRTV. 10 December 2009. Archived from the original on 22 March 2010. Retrieved 18 October 2010.
- ↑ "Man Put to Death in Pennsylvania". San Francisco Chronicle. 3 May 1995. Archived from the original on 18 January 2012. Retrieved 12 March 2021.
Further reading
- Treadwell, Ty and Vernon, Michelle (2011) Last Suppers: Famous Final Meals from Death Row
- Van Dülmen, Richard (1990). Theatre of Horror : Crime and Punishment in Early Modern Germany. Cambridge. ISBN 978-0-7456-0616-3.
- Foucault, Michel (1977). Discipline & Punish : The Birth of the Prison. ISBN 978-0-679-75255-4.
- Von Hentig, Hans (1973). Punishment – Its Origin, Purpose, and Psychology. ISBN 978-0-87585-147-1.
- Osler, Mark (February 2009). "Ch. 7: Last Meal / Last Supper". Jesus on Death Row: The Trial of Jesus and American Capital Punishment. Nashville, Tennessee: Abingdon Press. pp. 63–67. ISBN 978-0-687-64756-9.
- Jones, Michael Owen (2014). "Dining on Death Row: Last Meals and the Crutch of Ritual". The Journal of American Folklore. 127 (503): 3–26. doi:10.5406/jamerfolk.127.503.0003. JSTOR 10.5406/jamerfolk.127.503.0003. S2CID 144164543.
External links
- Greene, Bob (12 June 2001). They didn't get to choose their last meals. Jewish World Review. Retrieved on 2007-08-17.
- Karon, Tony (10 August 2000). Why We're Fascinated by Death Row Cuisine. TIME Magazine. Retrieved on 2007-08-17.
- Stein, Joel (18 October 2007). You Eat What You Are. TIME Magazine. Retrieved on 2007-11-11.
- Famous Last Meals. Portraits of Last Requests. Retrieved on 2010-09-17.
- Final Meal Requests. Texas Department of Criminal Justice (12 September 2003). Archived from the original on 2003-12-02. Retrieved on 2011-03-17.
- Last Meals Archived 12 February 2017 at the Wayback Machine. rotten dot com. Retrieved on 2007-08-17.
- Last Meals: What Would You Order? Seattle Weekly (18 June 2010). Retrieved on 2010-06-24.
- Last Meals on Death Row (since 2002). Dead Man Eating. Retrieved on 2007-08-17.
- Top 10 Death Row Last Meal Requests from Texas Archived 17 November 2011 at the Wayback Machine. Zombie Popcorn (9 October 2008) Retrieved on 2010-09-29.