Mandobo
Dumut
Kaeti
Native toIndonesia
RegionMandobo District in Boven Digoel Regency, South Papua
Native speakers
30,000 (2002)[1]
Dialects
  • Bawah
  • Atas
  • Kokenop
Language codes
ISO 639-3Either:
bwp  Mandobo Bawah
aax  Mandobo Atas
Glottologmand1473

Mandobo, or Kaeti, is a Papuan language of Mandobo District in Boven Digoel Regency, South Papua, Indonesia.

Varieties

Ethnologue distinguishes two languages:

Phonology

Vowels

Front Central Back
Close i y u
Mid e o
Open a

Consonants

Labial Alveolar Dorsal
Plosive voiceless p t k
prenasal ᵐb ⁿd ᵑɡ
Nasal m n
Rhotic ɾ
Approximant w j

[2]

Evolution

Below are some Kaeti reflexes of proto-Trans-New Guinea proposed by Pawley (2012), drawn from McElhanon and Voorhoeve (1970).[3][4]

proto-Trans-New GuineaKaeti
*maŋgat[a] ‘teeth, mouth’magot
*mVkVm ‘cheek’(a)moka (cf. Axu moxo pe)
*maŋgV ‘compact round object’(Axu mügo ‘egg’)
*amu ‘breast’am
*k(o,u)ma(n,ŋ)[V] ‘neck, nape’koman
*kumV- ‘die’kün (cf. Sawuy xom-, Wambon N. & Wambon S. kim-)
*mVkVm ‘cheek, jaw’(a)moka ‘cheek’
*na ‘1SG’nø(p)
*ni, *nu ‘1PL free pron.’no-güp
*na- ‘eat’(Wambon en-)
*k(o,u)ma(n,ŋ)[V] ‘neck, nape’koman
*mb(i,u)t(i,u)C ‘fingernail’betit
*imbi ‘name’üp
*apa[pa]ta ‘butterfly’apap
*k(a,o)ndok[V] ‘foot, leg’kodok
*andu- ‘to cook’odu
*mb(i,u)t(i,u)C ‘fingernail’betit
*(ŋg,k)iti-maŋgV ‘eye’(?) kerop
*(mb,p)ututu- ‘to fly’(?) bere(na)
*kumut, *tumuk ‘thunder’komöt
*maŋgat[a] ‘teeth, mouth’magot
*ŋga ‘2SG’gu
*maŋgat[a] ‘teeth, mouth’magot
*maŋgV ‘compact round object’(Axu mügo ‘egg’)
*ka(nd,t)(e,i)kV ‘ear’kere(top)
*k(a,o)ndok[V] ‘foot, leg’kodok
*ka(nd,t)apu ‘skin’kotae
*kumbutu ‘wind’kiow
*kin(i,u)- ‘sleep’kinum
*kumV- ‘die’kün
*k(o,u)ma(n,ŋ)[V] ‘neck’koman
*kuya ‘cassowary’(Sawuy kuye)
*kV(mb,p)(i,u)t(i,u) ‘head’(?) xebia(an)
*mVkVm ‘cheek’(a)moka (cf. Axu moxo pe)
*kutV(mb,p)(a,u)[C] ‘long’(?) guru(op)
*ok[V] ‘water’ok
*k(a,o)ndok[V] ‘foot’kodok

Further reading

  • Jang, Hong-Tae. 2003. Survey report on languages of southeastern foothills in Papua Merauke Regency of Papua, Indonesia. Manuscript.
  • Lebold, Randy, Ronald Kriens and Yunita Susanto. 2013. A Report on the Bamgi, Kia, and Lower Digul River Language Survey in Papua, Indonesia. SIL International.

References

  1. Mandobo Bawah at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
    Mandobo Atas at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
  2. Voorhoeve, C. L. (2001). Proto-Awyu-Dumut phonology II. In Andrew Pawley and Malcolm Ross and Darrell Tryon (eds.), The Boy from Bundaberg: Studies in Melanesian Linguistics in Honor of Tom Dutton: Canberra: Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, Australian National University. pp. 361–381.
  3. Pawley, Andrew (2012). Hammarström, Harald; van den Heuvel, Wilco (eds.). "How reconstructable is proto Trans New Guinea? Problems, progress, prospects". History, Contact and Classification of Papuan Languages. Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea: Linguistic Society of Papua New Guinea (Language & Linguistics in Melanesia Special Issue 2012: Part I): 88–164. hdl:1885/38602. ISSN 0023-1959.
  4. McElhanon, Kenneth A. AND C.L. Voorhoeve. 1970. The Trans–New Guinea Phylum: explorations in deep-level genetic relationships. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics.
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