Tidore
Native toIndonesia
RegionNorth Maluku, islands of Tidore, Maitara, Mare, northern half of Moti, and some areas of west coast of Halmahera
Native speakers
(26,000 cited 1981)[1]
20,000 L2 speakers (1981)[1]
West Papuan?
Latin script, Arabic script (historically)[2][3]
Language codes
ISO 639-3tvo
Glottologtido1248
ELPTidore
Approximate location where Tidore is spoken
Approximate location where Tidore is spoken
Tidore
Location in Southeast Asia
Coordinates: 0°1′N 127°44′E / 0.017°N 127.733°E / 0.017; 127.733

Tidore is a language of North Maluku, Indonesia, spoken by the Tidore people.[4] The language is centered on the island of Tidore, but it is also spoken in some areas of the neighbouring Halmahera.[4] A North Halmahera language, it is unlike most languages in Indonesia which belong to the Austronesian language family. Tidore and other North Halmahera languages are perhaps related to languages of the Bird's Head Peninsula, West Papua.[1][5]: 20 

A sample text in the Tidore language
A sample text in the Tidore language

Tidore is a regional lingua franca, used for interethnic communication in the Central Halmahera area.[6] Since the 17th century, it had some influence as a trade language in the Moluccan-New Guinean region.[2] It is closely related to Ternate,[1] of which it is sometimes considered a dialect.[7] Both Ternate and Tidore have been recorded in writing at least since the late 15th century,[3]: 430  being the only Papuan languages with indigenous literary traditions.[2]

Phonology

Consonants

Labial Alveolar Palatal Velar Glottal
Nasal m n ɲ ŋ
Plosive voiceless p t c k
voiced b d ɟ ɡ
Fricative f s h
Lateral l
Tap ɾ
Approximant w j

A flap consonant can be heard as alveolar or post-alveolar [ɾ̠].[8]

Vowels

Front Central Back
Close i u
Mid e o
Open a

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 Tidore at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022) Closed access icon
  2. 1 2 3 Warnk, Holger (2010). "The coming of Islam and Moluccan-Malay culture to New Guinea c.1500–1920". Indonesia and the Malay World. 38 (110): 109–134. doi:10.1080/13639811003665454. S2CID 162188648.
  3. 1 2 Taylor, Paul Michael (1988). "From mantra to mataráa: Opacity and transparency in the language of Tobelo magic and medicine (Halmahera Island, Indonesia)". Social Science & Medicine. 27 (5): 425–436. doi:10.1016/0277-9536(88)90365-6. PMID 3067356.
  4. 1 2 Voorhoeve, C.L. (1988), "The languages of the North Halmaheran stock", Papers in New Guinea linguistics. No. 26, Pacific Linguistics A-76, Canberra: Department of Linguistics, Research School of Pacific Studies, Australian National University, pp. 181–209, doi:10.15144/PL-A76.181, ISBN 0-85883-370-0, OCLC 220535054
  5. ↑ van Staden, Miriam; Reesink, Ger (2008). "Serial verb constructions in a linguistic area". In Senft, Gunter (ed.). Serial verb constructions in Austronesian and Papuan languages. Pacific Linguistics 594. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics, Research School Of Pacific and Asian Studies, Australian National University. pp. 17–54. ISBN 978-0-85883-591-7. OCLC 271765117.
  6. ↑ Masinambow, E.K.M (1999). "Pengantar Ketua Panitia Pengarah Program Pemetaan Bahasa Nusantara". In Rosidi, Ajip (ed.). Bahasa Nusantara: Suatu Pemetaan Awal: Gambaran tentang Bahasa-bahasa Daerah di Indonesia (in Indonesian). Jakarta: Dunia Pustaka Jaya. pp. 9–11. OCLC 44620949.
  7. ↑ "Bahasa Ternate". Peta Bahasa (in Indonesian). Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa, Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan.
  8. ↑ Pikkert, Joost J. J. and Cheryl M. (1995). A first look at Tidore phonology. Wyn D. Laidig (ed.), Descriptive studies in languages of Maluku, part II. pp. 43–70.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)


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