The term "Marcos mansions"[1] refers to at least 50 upscale residences in the Philippines of the family of President Ferdinand Marcos.[2][3] These are aside from the various overseas landholdings of the Marcos family, which are spread around the world. The Supreme Court of the Philippines considers these landholdings as part of the "ill-gotten wealth" of the Marcos family, based on the definitions set forth in Republic Act No. 1379, which had been passed in 1955.[4]

Background

The Supreme Court's interpretation of R.A. 1379 says that property acquired by a public officer or employee which is "manifestly out of proportion to his salary as such public officer and to his other lawful income" is "presumed prima facie to have been unlawfully acquired."[4] The bulk of the assets of the Marcoses, including the Marcos jewels, were treated as "ill gotten" in a 2012 decision which specified that "according to the Official Report of the Minister of Budget, the total salaries of former President Marcos as President from 1966 to 1976 was ₱60,000 a year and from 1977 to 1985, ₱100,000 a year; while that of the former First Lady, Imelda R. Marcos, as Minister of Human Settlements from June 1976 to February 22–25, 1986, was ₱75,000 a year"[4] – about $304,372.[5] The PCGG in its reports would state that the lawful tax declared income of the Marcos couple only amounted from 1960 to 1984 would only amount to PhP 8,148,289.42.[6]

Along with the Marcos jewels, their overseas landholdings, art collection, and Imelda Marcos's shoe hoard, the Marcos mansions are frequently cited to illustrate the Marcos family's wanton spending during the dictatorship. Because the estimated cost of these mansions is much more than the income recorded in Marcos’ sworn statement of assets and liabilities (SALN), the number, size, and opulence of these mansions is interpreted by the Philippine government as prima facie evidence[7] that the Marcoses plundered the Philippine economy.

Some of these properties are titled in the name of Marcos family members, but others are titled in the name of identified “Marcos cronies,” but reserved for the use of the Marcos family.[1] In some cases, several such mansions were located close together, with specific mansions meant for individual members of the family, as was the case of the Marcos mansions on Outlook Drive in Baguio.[8] Many of the Marcos mansions were sequestered by the Philippine government when the Marcoses were expelled from the country as a result of the 1986 EDSA Revolution.[2]

In 2009, Imelda Marcos filed graft charges against PCGG for "illegally confiscating" their family's assets. In question were more than 197 individual certificate of titles within the country, totaling 17,405,984 sq. meters.[9]

Locations

The Malacañang of the North

Locations of houses considered "Marcos mansions" include[10] properties in Baguio,[8] in the Ilocos region where the Marcoses trace their ancestry, Leyte where Imelda Marcos's family came from,[11] and throughout the Greater Manila Area and its outskirts.[12]

Baguio properties

Among roughly 50 Marcos mansions scattered throughout the Philippines, the nine properties located in Baguio are among the most commonly covered by media reports, because of their reported opulence and because of their closeness to each other and to major tourist attractions:[2] including Mines View Park, Wright Park, and the Baguio mansion house which was constructed in the early 1900s to be the summer residence of the Philippine head of state. Four of these houses occupy roughly 5 hectares of land on Outlook Drive, just across from the mansion, and were each designated for a member of the Marcos family; the "Wigwam house compound" for Bongbong Marcos, the "Fairmont house compound for Imee Marcos, the "Hans Menzi house compound" for Irene Marcos, and a fourth house for Ferdinand Marcos's mother, Doña Josefa Edralin Marcos.[2][8]

Located on the same road is a two-story house called the "Lualhati residence", whose title was held by Marcos crony, Jose Y. Campos, on behalf of the Marcoses. Another property, the Banaue Inn compound, is located just behind the Campos house.[2]

Metro Manila properties

Closer to the main seat of power, Marcos mansions were located in Makati, Parañaque, Manila, and San Juan. Houses were once again designated for each of the three Marcos children: a residence in Seaside subdivision, Parañaque was designated for Bongbong Marcos,[13][2] one in Wack-Wack, Mandaluyong was designated for Imee Marcos,[2] while a house in Forbes Park, Makati, was designated for Irene Marcos.[2]

Marcos mansions in other provinces

Other locations where Marcos mansions were built include several in Ilocos Norte and Leyte, the home provinces of Ferdinand and Imelda Marcos respectively; and in Mariveles, Bataan, and in Cavite.

Particularly notable is the Malacañang of the North mansion in Paoay, Ilocos Norte, which was built by the Philippine Tourism Authority (PTA) in 1977, in time for Ferdinand Marcos's 60th birthday. The Sandiganbayan anti-graft court stripped the Marcoses of the property in 2014, voiding a 1978 agreement between Marcos and the then PTA, deciding that since it is a national park, the Marcos family had no legal rights over it since national parks are "inalienable public domain".[14] Bongbong Marcos objected to the decision, saying the property was owned by the family.[15]

In Tolosa, Leyte, a muti-million dollar seaside resort was constructed in 1974, in time for the Marcoses to entertain participants of the 1974 Miss Universe beauty contest, which was being held in the Philippines that year.[2] The property was severely damaged by Typhoon Haiyan in 2013.[16]

A different mansion, in Tacloban, is noted for having been the former site of the "impoverished quonset hut" which was Imelda Marcos's childhood home.[2] When her husband became president of the Philippines, Imelda transformed the site into a 2000 square meter mansion with a shrine to the Santo Niño and a museum, which has since been dubbed the "Santo Niño Shrine and Heritage Museum".[11] The site was less damaged by Typhoon Haiyan than the Olot mansion was, but still sustained at least PhP20 million worth of damages. The Philippine Commission on Good Government, which had sequestered the property, decided to repair the site since it had been converted to a tourist site which was a major money-earner for Leyte.[11]

There is also what is known as the Marcos Twin Mansion built by Imelda Marcos in Casile, Calamba, on the property donated by Jose Yulo, for their 25th Wedding Anniversary.[17] Ferdinand Marcos in turn gifted Imelda with 25 gold bullions.

Ferdinand Marcos also expropriated Talaga Beach in Mariveles, Bataan for his family's exclusive use. The beach estate sequestered by the PCGG.[18][19]

Use of government money for construction and maintenance

Verification by the Philippine government's Commission on Audit after the ouster of the Marcos family revealed that the construction, renovation, and maintenance of these various houses were paid for by the Philippine government through the office of the President. Maintenance and upkeep alone cost at least US$3.2 million in 1984 and US$10.5 million in 1985, all at prevailing exchange rates and not yet adjusted for inflation.[2]

According to the calculations of author Ricardo Manapat, this would have been sufficient to feed "a small town of 48,000 people," or "8,000 starving families of 6" for a year.[2]

List of current & former properties owned by the Marcos clan

Property Address Size Property value Personality Date acquired Notes Coordinates
San Juan Residence[20][21] 204 Mariano Marcos Street, Maytunas, San Juan, Metro Manila 1,993 m2 (21,450 sq ft)[22] PhP 111 million (2003)[22] Ferdinand Marcos August 1951[22] Acquired during Ferdinand Marcos's term as congressman. Currently used by Imee Marcos as her registered address.[23] Location was originally named Ortega Street. Joseph Estrada, during his term as mayor of San Juan, endorsed this to the city council for the renaming as Mariano Marcos Street.[24] 14°35′41.4666″N 121°2′13.1208″E / 14.594851833°N 121.036978000°E / 14.594851833; 121.036978000
P. Guevarra House and Lot[20][21] 362 P. Guevarra Street corner Maude Street, Maytunas, San Juan, Metro Manila 864 m2 (9,300 sq ft) Ferdinand Marcos, Imelda Marcos Currently used by Imee Marcos as the official address of her media outfit, Creative Media and Film Society of the Philippines. 14°35′38.7486″N 121°2′13.3398″E / 14.594096833°N 121.037038833°E / 14.594096833; 121.037038833
C.M. Recto Mansion[20][21] C. M. Recto Street corner Mariano Marcos Street, Maytunas, San Juan, Metro Manila 932 m2 (10,030 sq ft) Ferdinand Marcos, Imelda Marcos 14°35′43.5408″N 121°2′11.9508″E / 14.595428000°N 121.036653000°E / 14.595428000; 121.036653000
Pacific Plaza Penthouse[25][26] 34/F, Pacific Plaza Tower, 4th Avenue, West Crescent Park, Bonifacio Global City, Taguig, Metro Manila Imelda Marcos Current residence of Imelda Marcos 14°32′50.3766″N 121°2′42.0216″E / 14.547326833°N 121.045006000°E / 14.547326833; 121.045006000
Seaside[22] Arias Compound and Vilmar Court, Quirino Avenue, Tambo, Parañaque 3,269 m2 (35,190 sq ft) Bongbong Marcos September 1977 14°30′36″N 120°59′34″E / 14.509961939836911°N 120.99270020974846°E / 14.509961939836911; 120.99270020974846
IRC Mapalad Property Roxas Boulevard, Tambo, Parañaque 4,038 m2 (43,460 sq ft) PhP 278,622,000 (2012) Jose Campos Yao 14°31′22″N 120°59′39″E / 14.522813645808451°N 120.9943020745396°E / 14.522813645808451; 120.9943020745396
International School of Manila Property[22] Kalayaan Avenue, Makati 4.5 ha (11 acres) PhP 1.9 billion (2003) 14°33′56″N 121°01′42″E / 14.565629583480597°N 121.02825105200277°E / 14.565629583480597; 121.02825105200277
Wack-Wack House & Lot Wack-Wack Village, Wack Wack-Greenhills, Mandaluyong PhP 127 million (2011)[27] Imee Marcos, Tomas Manotoc[28] 1983 The PCGG sold the property in 2011
Forbes Park[29] 52 McKinley Road, Forbes Park, Makati Irene Marcos, Gregorio Maria Araneta II 14°32′53″N 121°02′01″E / 14.548128200889433°N 121.03360269128781°E / 14.548128200889433; 121.03360269128781
Dasmariñas Village Dasmariñas Village, Makati PhP 200 million (1994)[27] Ferdinand Marcos, Jose Campos Yao
BF Homes Parañaque BF Homes Parañaque Bongbong Marcos 14°26′24″N 121°01′04″E / 14.439927161330006°N 121.01785015387183°E / 14.439927161330006; 121.01785015387183
IRC San Isidro Antipolo San Isidro, Antipolo PhP 27.6 million (1995)[27] Ferdinand Marcos, Jose Campos Yao Sold by the PCGG in 1995.
IRC Antipolo – Victoria Valley Victoria Valley Subdivision, Antipolo P32.3 million (1996) Ferdinand Marcos, Jose Campos Yao Sold by the PCGG in 1996.
Malacañang of the North[14][15] Paoay, Ilocos Norte 57 ha[30] Ferdinand Marcos 1977 Built for Ferdinand Marcos's 60th birthday by the Philippine Tourism Authority.[31] 18°07′41″N 120°32′24″E / 18.12815°N 120.53992°E / 18.12815; 120.53992
Currimao Property[22] Currimao, Ilocos Norte PhP 1,426,710[22] Ferdinand Marcos
Marcos House[32] 44 Outlook Drive, Baguio Ferdinand Marcos, Imelda Marcos 16°24′54″N 120°37′35″E / 16.41499194940543°N 120.62644105555508°E / 16.41499194940543; 120.62644105555508
Hans Menzi Estate Outlook Drive, Baguio 3,875.57 m2 (41,716.3 sq ft)[33] PhP 37,245,850.00 (2012)[33] Irene Marcos The PCGG sold the property for PhP 93 million in 2012.[34][27] Currently, the property hosts the Outlook Steak & Grill and the Grand Sierra Pines Baguio. 16°24′55″N 120°37′33″E / 16.415178187433714°N 120.62572176400255°E / 16.415178187433714; 120.62572176400255
Wigwam Compound[35] Outlook Drive, Baguio 1,146 ha (2,830 acres)[33] Bongbong Marcos 16°24′51″N 120°37′31″E / 16.414230015974063°N 120.62537903245165°E / 16.414230015974063; 120.62537903245165
Fairmont House Compound Outlook Drive, Baguio Imee Marcos
Banaue Inn Compound[33] Outlook Drive, Baguio 2,677 m2 (28,810 sq ft)[33]
Lualhati Residence / J.Y. Campos Property Outlook Drive, Baguio PhP 160 million (2014)[27] Ferdinand Marcos, Jose Y. Campos The PCGG sold property in 2014
Talaga Beach Mariveles, Bataan 129.4 ha (320 acres)[9][36] Ferdinand Marcos, Anchor Estate Inc.[9] 14°25′00″N 120°29′24″E / 14.416642057470357°N 120.4900539188681°E / 14.416642057470357; 120.4900539188681
Marcos Twin Mansion Yulo Estate, Cabuyao Ferdinand Marcos, Imelda Marcos 1979 14°12′12″N 121°2′31″E / 14.20333°N 121.04194°E / 14.20333; 121.04194
PJI Beach[37] Mabini, Batangas
Calauit Island[38][39] (UNCTAD V, the next session, would be held in Manila three years later, in 1979.[40]) Calauit Island, Palawan 3,700 ha (9,100 acres) Ferdinand Marcos, Bongbong Marcos 1976 12°16′46″N 119°52′56″E / 12.279393445064207°N 119.88212512725926°E / 12.279393445064207; 119.88212512725926
Olot Estate[41][42][43] Tolosa, Leyte 42 ha (100 acres)[44] Imelda Marcos 1974 11°4′15.5604″N 125°2′12.4218″E / 11.070989000°N 125.036783833°E / 11.070989000; 125.036783833
Santo Niño Shrine Tacloban Imelda Marcos 14°30′36″N 120°59′34″E / 14.509961939836911°N 120.99270020974846°E / 14.509961939836911; 120.99270020974846

See also

References

  1. 1 2 Dumlao, Artemio (January 28, 2012). "Marcos mansions rotting". The Philippine Star. Retrieved May 4, 2018.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Ricardo., Manapat (1991). Some are smarter than others : the history of Marcos' crony capitalism. New York: Aletheia Publications. ISBN 9719128704. OCLC 28428684.
  3. ↑ Garcia, Myles (2016). Thirty Years Later... Catching Up with the Marcos-Era Crimes. ISBN 9781456626501.
  4. 1 2 3 IMELDA ROMUALDEZ-MARCOS, vs. REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES, G.R. No. 189505 (Supreme Court of the Philippines April 25, 2012).
  5. ↑ Buan, Lian. "SC affirms forfeiture of Imelda Marcos' 3rd jewelry set". Archived from the original on July 26, 2020. Retrieved July 26, 2020.
  6. ↑ "PCGG Accomplishment Report 2019" (PDF). PCGG. PCGG. Retrieved June 8, 2021.
  7. ↑ "Republic Act No 1379" (PDF).
  8. 1 2 3 Alegre, Ace (September 30, 2006). "Marcos Mansions in Baguio: Future Tourism Sites?". Bulatlat. Retrieved May 4, 2018.
  9. 1 2 3 "Imelda Marcos files graft case vs PCGG". ABS-CBN News. February 11, 2009. Retrieved June 8, 2021.
  10. ↑ Henares, Larry (2014). Kiss and Bite.
  11. 1 2 3 Gabieta, Joey A. (July 18, 2015). "Imelda's ex-summer mansion gets P20M for repair". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved May 6, 2018.
  12. ↑ "Court orders forfeiture of Bugarin properties". GMA News Online. Retrieved May 6, 2018.
  13. ↑ Dizon, Nikko (June 11, 2003). "Marcos lots for sale: No takers | Philstar.com". The Philippine Star. Retrieved May 7, 2018.
  14. 1 2 "Marcoses lose Paoay property". Rappler. April 23, 2014. Retrieved March 24, 2017.
  15. 1 2 "Paoay property is ours – Bongbong Marcos". Rappler. January 16, 2014. Retrieved March 24, 2017.
  16. ↑ Ramos, Marlon (November 19, 2013). "Supertyphoon 'Yolanda' destroys Imelda Marcos mansion". Retrieved May 7, 2018.
  17. ↑ Requejo, Rey (January 24, 2017). "Marcos heirs can't reclaim Cabuyao mansion yet—SC". Manila Standard. Retrieved June 5, 2021.
  18. ↑ Felix, Rocel (February 11, 2011). "Government set to reorganize PCGG". Philstar.com. Retrieved June 5, 2021.
  19. ↑ "Samahan ng Magsasaka at Mangingisda sa Sitio Naswe, Inc (SAMMAN), Represented by Rogelio A. Commendador vs. Tomas Tan" (PDF). Supreme Court of the Philippines (G.R. 196028). April 18, 2016. Retrieved June 5, 2021.
  20. 1 2 3 "Gov't confiscates Marcos property in San Juan". ABS-CBN News. October 27, 2011. Retrieved June 7, 2021.
  21. 1 2 3 Burgonio, T. J. (October 28, 2011). "Seizure of Imelda Marcos' San Juan assets ordered". INQUIRER.net. Retrieved June 7, 2021.
  22. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Dizon, Nikko (June 11, 2003). "Marcos lots for sale: No takers". Philstar.com. Retrieved June 7, 2021.
  23. ↑ "Imee Marcos Manotoc | ICIJ Offshore Leaks Database". offshoreleaks.icij.org. Retrieved June 10, 2021.
  24. ↑ Pasion, Patty (February 15, 2016). "San Juan's Guia Gomez endorses Bongbong Marcos for VP". Rappler. Retrieved June 18, 2021.
  25. ↑ Lamb, David (December 12, 1997). "Still a Thrilla in Manila". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved June 7, 2021.
  26. ↑ Tully, Shaun (January 9, 2014). "My afternoon with Imelda Marcos". Fortune. Retrieved June 7, 2021.
  27. 1 2 3 4 5 Lustre, Philip (February 25, 2016). "Search for Marcos' wealth: Compromising with cronies". Rappler. Retrieved June 12, 2021.
  28. ↑ Redmond, Ron (April 10, 1983). "Marcos grandson born in secrecy". UPI. UPI. Retrieved June 19, 2021.
  29. ↑ "#52 MCKINLEY ROAD; FORBES PARK; MAKATI | ICIJ Offshore Leaks Database". offshoreleaks.icij.org. Retrieved June 10, 2021.
  30. ↑ "Keeping Up with the Marcoses: Money, Fame and Fortune". Martial Law Museum. Retrieved June 7, 2021.
  31. ↑ Arzadon, Cristina (October 12, 2012). "Bringing back the grandeur of Malacañang ti Amianan". Cebu Daily News. Retrieved March 24, 2017.
  32. ↑ Alegre, Ace (September 24, 2006). "Bulatlat - The Philippines's alternative weekly magazine". www.bulatlat.com. Retrieved June 10, 2021.
  33. 1 2 3 4 5 Valenzuela, Lara Cerys; Cabreza, Vincent (January 29, 2012). "Marcos Baguio mansions up for auction again". INQUIRER.net. Retrieved June 7, 2021.
  34. ↑ Ronda, Rainier Allan (April 26, 2012). "PCGG sells Menzi property for P93 million". Philstar.com. Retrieved June 10, 2021.
  35. ↑ Polonio, Jessa Mardy (January 21, 2016). "Marcos property up for auction". Sunstar. Retrieved June 10, 2021.
  36. ↑ "G.R. No. 196028". Supreme Court of the Philippines. April 18, 2016. Retrieved June 8, 2021.
  37. ↑ "PCGG Year End Accomplishment Report 2016" (PDF). Presidential Commission on Good Government. Retrieved June 7, 2021.
  38. ↑ Sta. Maria, E. A. (January 31, 2020). "Sold at P52.6 M! Anita Magsaysay-Ho's painting of women with baskets is auction's brightest star". ABS-CBN News. Retrieved June 8, 2021.
  39. ↑ "How a Patch of the Kenyan Wild Ended up in Philippines - Owaahh". Owaahh. August 21, 2014. Retrieved March 26, 2018.
  40. ↑ "UNCTAD Conferences". unctad.org. Archived from the original on June 26, 2012. Retrieved November 12, 2019.
  41. ↑ "Olot Mansion". Travel and Tour Guide | Tolosa Wonders. Retrieved June 7, 2021.
  42. ↑ "THROWBACK: Miss Universe 1974 winners visit Imelda's Leyte beach house". ABS-CBN News. January 18, 2017. Retrieved June 7, 2021.
  43. ↑ "G.R. No. 155832". lawphil.net. Retrieved June 12, 2021.
  44. ↑ "G.R. No. 155832 : December 7, 2010 REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES, Petitioner, v. SANDIGANBAYAN (Fourth Division) and IMELDA R. MARCOS, Respondents. : December 2010 - Philipppine Supreme Court Decisions". www.chanrobles.com. Supreme Court of the Philippines. Retrieved June 7, 2021.
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