The Marine Exchange of Alaska (MXAK) is a nonprofit maritime organization based in Juneau, Alaska. MXAK was founded in 2001 by retired United States Coast Guard Captain Edward Page, who along with Paul Fuhs ^[1] and others in the maritime community established a Governing Board. The organization was established to broker information, that aids safe, secure, efficient, and environmentally sound maritime operations in Alaska. MXAK's greatest advance in promoting maritime safety has been the establishment, operation and maintenance of an extensive vessel tracking network comprising over 140 Automatic Identification System (AIS) and Marine Safety stations in Alaska,^[2] complemented with satellite tracking systems.^[3] MXAK also serves the maritime community by assisting vessels, facilities and ports to comply with state and federal environmental, safety, and security regulations, and installing and maintaining weather stations at remote locations across Alaska. The Marine Exchange of Alaska is a presence in local, state, and federal meetings and workshops, advocating for cost effective measures that benefit Alaska and the maritime community.^[4][5]

Mission

The Marine Exchange of Alaska mission statement is “to serve the Alaska maritime community by providing information, communications and services to aid safe, secure, efficient and environmentally responsible operations.”^[6]

History

The Marine Exchange of Alaska was founded by Retired U.S. Coast Guard Captain Ed Page, Paul Fuhs and members of the Alaska maritime community in 2001.^[6] Joining 14 other coastal state marine exchanges,^[7] MXAK began using advanced technology to build a maritime “safety net” in Alaska and in the Lower 48. Original Alaskan marine industry organizations who played a role in the establishment of the organization include: Alaska Marine Highway, BP Oil Shipping, Crowley Maritime Corporation, Totem Ocean Trailer, Horizon Lines, Polar Tankers, Southwest Alaska Pilots Association, Southeast Alaska Pilots Association, the Alaska Marine Pilots and Pacific Seafood Processors Association.^[8] While The Marine Exchange of Alaska began in the 21st century, Maritime Exchanges date back to the mid-1800s when merchants in ports such as San Francisco, California developed a means of gathering and spreading the news of a ship's arrival to assist merchants conduct trade. The February 1, 1849, edition of the Alta California reported the plan of Lt. John Duer, of the United States Navy's Pacific Squadron, to build a semaphore station. A public meeting was held to organize a "Merchants Exchange" to provide a clearing house for information about shipping and other commercial news.^[9] Over the years Merchants and Maritime Exchanges were established in other cities throughout the United States of America. The Marine Exchange of Alaska is one of the most recent Maritime Exchanges to be established in the country.

In 2002, the Marine Exchange Executive Director Ed Page and Chief Technology Officer Bill Benning, a retired Coast Guard communications officer, conducted field tests of various satellite tracking technologies on a fishing vessel in the remote waters surrounding the Aleutian Islands.^[10] This led to the development of an open architecture satellite based vessel tracking system that was used to locate and track tankers, container ships, tugs and barges, passenger vessels and fishing vessels.^[11] All information obtained by the system was provided to the owner/operator and the U.S. Coast Guard.

In 2004, the Marine Exchange of Alaska partnered with McCurnin Nautical, Ocean Grafix, and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) to print up-to-date nautical charts for Alaska's mariners.^[12][13] The organization also commenced providing assistance to the maritime community in complying with the numerous State and federal safety, security and environmental regulations.^[14] In 2005, MXAK began installing AIS receiver sites along the coastline of Alaska^[15] In 2008, MXAK established a 24-hour, 7-day-a-week watch, monitoring over their vessel tracking system in the Juneau, Alaska office.^[16] In 2013, MXAK presented two portable AIS transponders each to the Alaska Native villages of Gambell and Savoonga on the remote Saint Lawrence Island. The transponders were intended for use by the local whalers and citizens operating skiffs and skin boats in order to aid in rescue missions and to ensure they are detected by large commercial vessels plying Arctic waters. MXAK secured funding from the U.S. Arctic Research Commission, the International Union for Conservation of Nature, The Pew Charitable Trusts, and the Oak Foundation to cover expenses for the project.^[17]

Vessel tracking operations

The Marine Exchange of Alaska uses three systems to track vessels operating in Alaska and adjacent waters in Russia and Canada. These systems are: the terrestrial based network of Automated Identification System (AIS), a satellite AIS system provided by exactEarth^[23] and use of various satellite transponders. In 2012 MXAK began adding weather sensors to many of their AIS stations and other locations throughout the state of Alaska, calling these sites, “marine safety sites.”

The primary users of MXAK's vessel tracking system are the United States Coast Guard, the following State of Alaska agencies: Department of Transportation, Department of Military and Veterans Affairs, Department of Fish and Game, Department of Public Safety, Department of Commerce, Department of Environmental Conservation, and “operators of cruise ships, tugs, barges, tankers, container ships, passenger vessels, offshore supply vessels, oil exploration and production vessels, landing craft, fishing vessels and oil spill response organizations.”^[24]

References