Metro Manila Subway
Overview
Other name(s)Mega Manila Subway
StatusUnder construction
OwnerDepartment of Transportation
Line number9
LocaleMetro Manila (phase 1)
Bulacan and Cavite (phases 2 and 3)
Termini
Stations15 (phase 1)[1]
Service
TypeRapid transit
SystemManila Metro Rail Transit System
Operator(s)Department of Transportation
Depot(s)Ugong, Valenzuela
Rolling stockSustina electric multiple units[2]
Daily ridership370,000 (projected)[3]
History
Planned opening2027 (partial)[4]
2029 (full)
Technical
Line length36 km (22 mi)[note 1]
Number of tracksDouble-track
CharacterUnderground
Track gauge1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) standard gauge[5]
Loading gauge4,150 mm × 3,000 mm (13 ft 7 in × 9 ft 10 in)[6]
Minimum radiusMainline: 160 m (520 ft)
Depot: 100 m (330 ft)
Electrification1,500 V DC overhead lines[6]
Operating speed80 km/h (50 mph)
SignallingNippon Signal SPARCS moving block CBTC[7]
Route map

 East Valenzuela
Valenzuela Depot
Valenzuela
Quezon City
 Quirino Highway
 Tandang Sora
Up arrow Baclaran - Niog
()
North Avenue
 
3 (7)
Quezon Avenue
Left arrow Lerma - University Avenue Right arrow
(8)
Down arrow Taft Avenue
3
 East Avenue
 Anonas
Left arrow Recto - Antipolo Right arrow
Camp Aguinaldo
Quezon City
Pasig
 Ortigas
(4)
 Shaw
Pasig River
Pasig
Makati
 Kalayaan
Bus interchange
(5)
Makati
Taguig
 Bonifacio Global City List of BGC Bus routes
 Lawton
Up arrow Valenzuela-Gov. Pascual / Tutuban
Nichols
 Senate
FTI
Taguig
Parañaque
 Bicutan
Down arrow Alabang / Calamba
Taguig
Pasay
 NAIA Terminal 3 Ninoy Aquino International Airport Bus interchange
 NAIA Terminal 1 and 2 Ninoy Aquino International Airport
Pasay
Parañaque
Asia World Bus interchange
()

The Metro Manila Subway,[8] formerly known as the Mega Manila Subway (MMS),[9] is an under-construction underground rapid transit line in Metro Manila, Philippines. The 36-kilometer (22 mi) line, which will run north–south between Valenzuela, Quezon City, Pasig, Taguig, Parañaque and Pasay, consists of 15 stations between the East Valenzuela and Bicutan stations. It will become the country's second direct airport rail link after the North–South Commuter Railway, with a branch line to Ninoy Aquino International Airport.

Dubbed as the "Project of the Century" in the country, the subway line's groundbreaking took place on February 27, 2019,[10] and construction began the following December. Construction however suffered delays due to the COVID-19 pandemic.[11] It is scheduled to be partially opened in 2025,[11] and will be fully operational by 2029. The project is expected to cost ₱355.6 billion (equivalent to US$7.06 billion in 2017 dollars).[12][13] Much of its cost is covered by a loan provided by the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA).[14][15]

The line is integrated with the public transit system in Metro Manila, and passengers also take various forms of road-based public transport, such as buses and jeepneys, to and from a station to reach their intended destination. The line is also designed to connect with other urban rail transit services in the region. Riders may transfer to LRT Line 1, MRT Line 3, and MRT Line 7 at the nearby North Triangle Common Station, which is also currently under construction. Other connections include the existing LRT Line 2 and PNR Metro Commuter Line, as well as the planned Makati Intra-city Subway, the MRT Line 4, and MRT Line 8.

Proposed route

The first phase was initially planned to be 21.6 kilometers (13.4 mi) long.[16] However, it is estimated to be actually 25 kilometers (16 mi) long.[17] The project involves the construction of 17 stations in its first phase (listed from north to south):[16][18][19][20]

List of stations
Name Distance (km) District/Barangay Connections Location
Between
stations		 Total
East Valenzuela — 0.000 Ugong none Valenzuela
Quirino Highway — — Talipapa
  •  33  Sauyo Road
Quezon City
Tandang Sora — — Tandang Sora
  •  33  Tandang Sora Avenue
     33  Road 20
North Avenue — 3.886 Bagong Pag-asa
  •  1  North Avenue
  •  18   33   64  North EDSA
Quezon Avenue 1.331 5.217 West Triangle
  •  1  Quezon Avenue
East Avenue 1.719 6.936 Pinyahan
  •  6   7   17   34   49  Victoriano Luna Avenue
Anonas 2.094 9.030 Quirino 3-A
  •  3  Anonas
     18   36   39   41   50   51   56  Katipunan Avenue
Camp Aguinaldo 1.642 10.672 Camp Aguinaldo
  •  16   18   36   39   41   50   56   61  Eastwood
Ortigas 3.075 13.747 San Antonio
  • 4 Meralco
  •  2  Meralco Avenue
Pasig
Shaw 3.075 15.027 —
11th Avenue 2.107 17.134 Fort Bonifacio
  •  4  11th Avenue
Taguig
McKinley Parkway 1.075 18.209
  •  4   15A   15B   36   39   41   50   61   63  Market! Market!
     4   16   18   56   57   58  Venice Grand Canal Mall
Lawton 2.199 20.408 —
Senate–DepEd 1.734 22.142 —
FTI 3.988 26.130 Western Bicutan
Interchange with Mainline rail interchange PNR
Bicutan 3.988 27.825 San Martin de Porres
Interchange with Mainline rail interchange PNR
  •  10   24   36   40   50   66  Bicutan
Parañaque
NAIA extension spur line[21]
NAIA Terminal 3 — — District 1 Pasay
Stations, lines, and/or other transport connections in italics are either under construction, proposed, unopened, or have been closed.

The following phases of the subway project would involve extending lines up to San Jose del Monte, Bulacan, north of Metro Manila (15.4 kilometers or 9.6 miles from the proposed Mindanao Avenue station), and down to Dasmariñas, Cavite, south of Metro Manila (20.7 kilometers or 12.9 miles from the proposed Ninoy Aquino International Airport station). The entire system, when completed, will serve up to 1.74 million passengers daily.[16]

The initial plan was later modified in June 2020, with DOTr adding the East Valenzuela, Lawton, and Senate stations.[19] The East Valenzuela station will be located in the subway's depot, while the Lawton and Senate stations replaced the Cayetano Boulevard station. However, these modifications are subject to the approval of NEDA and JICA.[19]

DOTr and JICA also propose a physical connection and interoperability between the North–South Commuter Railway and MMS. It proposes MMS rolling stock to switch over to the at-grade NSCR-South tracks around the FTI area, via a physical connection of the tracks and electrical supply, and operate through services to NSCR-South stations from Bicutan towards Calamba and vice versa.[22][23]

History

Background

The idea of building a subway in the Greater Manila Area had been forwarded as early as 1973, when the JICA (at the time known as the Overseas Technical Cooperation Agency or OTCA) and former Secretary of Public Works and Highways David Consunji conducted a study on what shall later be Metro Manila (formally constituted on November 7, 1975).[24] The 1973 plan was known as the Urban Transport Study in Manila Metropolitan Area (UTSMMA).[25] It was also proposed to be part of the 1977 Metro Manila Transport, Land Use and Development Planning Project (MMETROPLAN), which was funded by the World Bank. However, the plan was not included and implemented, for some of the areas included in the plan, such as Marikina and Cainta, are prone to flooding.[26][27][28] Instead, what was built was the Manila Light Rail Transit System Line 1, opened on December 1, 1984 and completed on May 12, 1985. According to Felino Palafox, the LRT was the most feasible transport system at that time.[26] Nevertheless, the current Manila Light Rail Transit System (mostly elevated) is shorter than the line system forwarded in 1973.[28]

The 1973 plan provided for the construction of five heavy rail subway lines in Metro Manila. The first line (Line 1) would have a length of 27.1 kilometers (16.8 mi), running from Constitution Hills (now Batasan Hills), Quezon City to Talon, Las Piñas. The second line (Line 2), meanwhile, would be 36 kilometers (22 mi) long from Novaliches, Quezon City to Cainta, Rizal, while Line 3 for 24.3 kilometers (15.1 mi) throughout Epifanio de los Santos Avenue. The fourth line (Line 4) would have been 30.1 kilometers (18.7 mi) long from Marikina to Zapote, Bacoor, and the fifth line would have a length of 17.6 kilometers (10.9 mi) from Rizal Avenue, Manila to Meycauayan, Bulacan. The plan would have resolved the traffic problems of Metro Manila and would have taken 15 years to complete, or until 1988.[28]

The project was proposed once more in the 2014 Metro Manila Dream Plan as a 57.7-kilometer (35.9 mi) line that would serve as the second north–south mass transit backbone for the newly expanded Greater Capital Region (the first being the North–South Commuter Railway). The Metro Manila Dream Plan (formally titled the Roadmap for Transport Infrastructure Development for Metro Manila and Its Surrounding Areas) is an integrated plan, created on the basis of recommendations from a study conducted by the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA).[29] It was approved by the National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA) Board in June 2014, to last until 2030. The program aims to improve the transport system in Metro Manila, Philippines, with the hope of turning it into a focal point for addressing Metro Manila's interlinked problems in the areas of transportation, land use, and environment.[30][31]

Development

The development of the project was approved by the Investment Coordination Committee (ICC) board of the National Economic and Development Authority on September 6, 2017, subject to secondary approval by the NEDA Board.[21] The development was approved by the NEDA Board headed by President Rodrigo Duterte six days later.[32] On March 16, 2018, the Philippine and Japanese governments signed a loan agreement for the subway. The first tranche of the official development assistance from the Japan International Cooperation Agency amounted to ¥104.5 billion (₱51.3 billion).[14] The second tranche of the loan, signed on February 10, 2022, amounted to ¥253.3 billion (₱112.1 billion).[15]

In November 2018, OC Global, a Japanese consortium consisting of Oriental Consultants Global Co. Ltd., Tokyo Metro Co. Ltd., Katahira & Engineers International, Pacific Consultants Co Ltd., Tonichi Engineering Consultants, Inc., and Metro Development Co. Ltd., was awarded the ₱11 billion contract for the consulting services of the line.[33][34]

The line was originally slated to begin partial operations by 2022, with three stations (the Qurino Highway, the Tandang Sora, and the North Avenue stations) having been expected to begin operations within the said year.[35] In June 2018, soil testing was conducted along the alignment. Massive tunnel boring machines were to be employed for the project. In line with this, DOTr, PNR and JICA personnel inspected actual tunnel boring machines in Japan, which were estimated to arrive in May 2019.[36]

Construction

Launch of the Tunnel Boring Machines at Barangay Ugong, Valenzuela. January 9, 2023.

The groundbreaking ceremony of the Metro Manila Subway was held on February 27, 2019.[10] Ten months later, construction begun its clearing phase in Valenzuela on December 21.[48][49] As part of the partial operability section, the first three stations will be built alongside the Philippine Railways Institute (PRI), the country's first-ever railway training center.[48]

In September 2020, the Department of Transportation (DOTr) presented one of the six tunnel boring machines in an acceptance test ceremony through a video conference.[50][51] The first of 25 tunnel boring machines that will be used for the subway's construction was unveiled on February 5, 2021.[52]

On November 11, 2021, a groundbreaking ceremony was held at Camp Aguinaldo to mark the start of pre-construction activities at the Camp Aguinaldo station.[53]

In April 2022, the Department of Transportation announced that partial operations of the subway will be delayed to 2025 instead of the originally planned opening in 2022 as a result of delays brought by the COVID-19 pandemic.[11]

The underground and tunnel boring works for the subway were slated to start by the fourth quarter of 2021, but was delayed.[54] The first tunnel boring machine was ceremonially lowered on June 12, 2022,[55] while underground tunnel works began on January 9, 2023.[56]

Construction for the Ortigas and Shaw stations began on October 3, 2022, with the groundbreaking ceremony led by President Bongbong Marcos and Transportation Secretary Jaime Bautista.[57] Work on the Katipunan and Anonas stations began on February 13, 2023.[58]

As of January 31, 2023, Phase 1 of the project is 37.48% complete.[59]

Design and infrastructure

The line will be the fourth heavy rail line in the country, after LRT Line 2, MRT Line 7, and the North–South Commuter Railway, and the first to be mostly underground. It is designed to run trains at 80 kilometers per hour (50 mph).[6] The tunnel diameter inside and outside is projected to be 5.2 meters (17 ft) and 5.65 meters (18.5 ft), respectively.[16] Since there are estimates of an expected magnitude-7.2 earthquake (which can be as powerful as magnitude 7.6) in the Marikina Valley Fault System,[60] it is designed to withstand a magnitude-8.0 earthquake. In addition, it may not be entirely underground. Assessment of the environmental and geographical considerations in the base alignment (initially 74.6 kilometers (46.4 miles) long) recommends 18% of the line to be at-grade and 9% to be running through viaduct.[16] Prior to final approval, some adjustments to the alignment were done so that it would reduce the risk of damage during earthquakes by travelling along solid adobe ground.

On September 5, 2020, in response to questions, Transportation Secretary Arthur Tugade provided assurances that the system would be flood-proof, and announced that partial operations would commence in 2022, with the system being fully operational by 2026.[61]

Stations

North Avenue Station pre-construction works in Bagong Pag-asa, Quezon City

The stations would have design features such as water-stop panels, a high-level entrance for flood prevention, earthquake detection, and a train stop system, akin to the Tokyo subway.[12] The stations are also designed to accommodate up to 1.5 million passengers daily. Full-height platform screen doors will also be built in the stations.[5]

The major stations of the line are planned to have two platform levels, one for a local train service and another for express routes. These stations are planned to have 6 floors designed for 2 platform floors, commercial shops, ticketing facilities and other amenities.[62]

Seven of the proposed stations, namely NAIA Terminal 3, Bicutan, Senate, Lawton, Katipunan, Quezon Avenue and North Avenue stations will be built on government property in order to boost property values in the surrounding areas.[63]

Signalling

The line will use a moving block signalling system based on communications-based train control (CBTC), which is the first railway line in the Philippines to use a moving block/CBTC system. Its subsystems include automatic train protection (ATP), automatic train operation (ATO), automatic train supervision (ATS), train detection through track circuits, and computer-based interlocking.[5] Nippon Signal will provide their SPARCS CBTC signalling solution for the line.[7]

Tracks

Two types of rails will be employed in the subway: 60-kilogram-per-meter (120 lb/yd) rails will be employed in the mainline while 50-kilogram-per-meter (100 lb/yd) rails will be employed in the depot.[5] The rails in the mainline will consist of continuous welded rails while the rails in the depot will be jointed rails with fishplates. The tracks will be supported by concrete sleepers except for the turnouts which will be supported by plastic/fiber-reinforced foam urethane railroad ties.[5]

Rolling stock

The Metro Manila Subway will use Sustina electric multiple units built by the Sumitomo Corporation and Japan Transport Engineering Company (J-TREC).[64] The same type has been ordered by the Philippine National Railways for its North–South Commuter Railway project as the PNR EM10000 class.[2] An order for 240 railcars, arrangeable into thirty 8-car trainsets, has been finalized by the Department of Transportation on December 21, 2020.[46][65]

Trains will have a capacity of 2,242 passengers, which is more than the normal capacity of the rolling stock of the existing LRT Line 1, LRT Line 2, MRT Line 3, and the PNR Metro Commuter Line. At its base form, it is about twice longer than the 4-car trains of the LRTA 2000 class being used in the LRT Line 2. According to DOTr Undersecretary Timothy John Batan, each 8-car trainset will ease car traffic in Metro Manila equivalent to 1,300 cars, 220 jeepneys, or 60 buses.[46] It will be powered through 1,500 V DC overhead lines similar to those ordered by PNR.[6]

Rolling stock Sustina EMU[6]
Year 2025–2027
Manufacturer Sumitomo Corporation
Japan Transport Engineering Company
Model TBD
Number to be built 240 cars (30 sets)
Formation 8 cars per trainset
Car length 20 m (65 ft 7 in)
Width 2.95 m (9 ft 8 in)
Pantograph lockdown height 4.15 m (13 ft 7 in)
Floor height 1.15 m (3 ft 9 in)
Body material Lightweight stainless steel
Tare weight 270 t (600,000 lb)
Axle load 16 t (35,000 lb)
Capacity Leading car: 266 standing, 45 seated
Intermediate car: 285 standing, 54 seated
Total: 2,242
Seat layout Rapid transit-style longitudinal seating
Doors per side 4
Traction control Hybrid SiC–VVVF
Traction power 1,500 V DC overhead catenary
Pantograph type Single-arm pantograph[note 5]
Top speed 120 km/h (75 mph)
Safety system(s) ATP, ATO
Train configuration Tc–M–M–T–T–M–M–Tc
Status Ordered; to be built

Depot

The line will have an underground depot in Ugong, Valenzuela, within the vicinity of the East Valenzuela station. It occupies 4 hectares (9.9 acres) of space and serves as the headquarters for the operations and maintenance of the line.[66] The trains are parked on several sets of tracks, which converge onto the spur route and later on to the main network.

A 20,000-square-meter (220,000 sq ft)[66] building will host the Philippine Railways Institute which will also be built within the depot vicinity.[48] In addition, a 900-meter (3,000 ft) test track and mock-ups of the tunnels, stations, and wayside equipment will be constructed for training purposes.[66]

Notes

  1. ↑ Line length from Valenzuela to Bicutan. The proposed line in 2014 is planned to be 57.7 km (35.9 mi) long from San Jose del Monte to Dasmariñas.
  2. ↑ Responsible for the engineering and system integration, railway track and signaling, power distribution, depot equipment and overhead lines
  3. ↑ Responsible for the communications and supervision systems as well as the automated fare collection (AFC) system
  4. ↑ Responsible for the preliminary design of the E&M systems and the installation of >1,300 platform screen doors.[43]
  5. ↑ Two outward-facing single-arm pantographs shall be used on cars 2 and 6.

References

  1. 1 2 Mercurio, Richmond (February 25, 2019). "Japan-Filipino consortium bags Metro Manila subway project". The Philippine Star. Retrieved February 25, 2019.
  2. 1 2 "Order Received to Supply 240 Train Cars for Philippines' Metro Manila Subway". Sumitomo Corporation. December 21, 2020. Archived from the original on January 23, 2021. Retrieved March 6, 2021.
  3. ↑ "Mega Manila Subway". Philippine Infrastructure Transparency Portal. Archived from the original on April 20, 2017.
  4. ↑ Villanda, Karen (February 13, 2023). "Konstruksiyon ng dalawang underground stations ng Metro Manila Subway, isinagawa ngayong araw" [Construction of two underground stations of the Metro Manila Subway being carried out today]. Sentro Balita (in Filipino). Manila. PTV. Retrieved February 13, 2023. [...] at sinabi naman ni Secretary Bautista na posible namang magkaroon ng partial operation ang Metro Manila Subway sa taong 2027 kung saan magagamit na 'yung mga istasyon sa East Valenzuela hanggang sa Ortigas.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 Part 2 – Employer's Requirements (PDF). METRO MANILA SUBWAY PROJECT PHASE 1 Package CP106: E&M Systems and Track Works (Report). Department of Transportation (Philippines). Archived (PDF) from the original on April 30, 2021. Retrieved February 14, 2022.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 Part 2 – Employer's Requirements (PDF). METRO MANILA SUBWAY PROJECT PHASE 1 Package CP107: Rolling Stock (Report). Department of Transportation (Philippines). Archived (PDF) from the original on July 15, 2022. Retrieved February 14, 2022.
  7. 1 2 3 Nippon Signal receives the order of Signalling System for Metro Manila Subway Project in the Philippines (PDF) (Report). Nippon Signal. May 19, 2022. Retrieved May 20, 2022.
  8. ↑ "PH, Japan to sign new loan for subway in Q1 next year". Philippine Daily Inquirer. November 2, 2020. Archived from the original on November 1, 2020. Retrieved November 26, 2020.
  9. ↑ Cabico, Gaea Katreena (October 4, 2019). "Temporary LRT-2 shutdown after fire highlights need for structural change, better inspections". The Philippine Star. Retrieved November 26, 2020.
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  13. ↑ "Japan set to fund Metro Manila subway, 2 other rail projects". Public-Private Partnership Center. Archived from the original on October 30, 2019. Retrieved April 20, 2017.
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  17. ↑ Ranada, Pia (April 18, 2017). "Duterte, Abe may sign Mega Manila subway deal in November". Rappler. Archived from the original on April 19, 2017. Retrieved April 19, 2017.
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  22. ↑ Feasibility Study on the North South Railway Project-South Line (Commuter) in the Republic of the Philippines: DRAFT FINAL REPORT (PDF) (Report). Japan International Cooperation Agency. October 2018. Archived (PDF) from the original on April 11, 2021. Retrieved March 17, 2019.
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  25. ↑ "URBAN TRANSPORT STUDY IN MANILA METROPOLITAN AREA" (PDF). Japan International Cooperation Agency. September 1973.
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  30. ↑ (The Philippines) MEGA MANILA INFRASTRUCTURE ROADMAP (Long Ver.). JICAChannel02: The Official Global Channel of the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA). Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA), Republic of the Philippines National Economic Development Authority (NEDA). June 10, 2014.
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  34. ↑ Caraballo, Mayvelin U. (November 22, 2018). "Japanese consortium bags subway contract". The Manila Times. Archived from the original on December 9, 2018. Retrieved December 8, 2018.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
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  40. ↑ Balinbin, Arjay (May 3, 2022). "Megawide, 2 Japanese firms secure P13-B subway deal". BusinessWorld. Archived from the original on May 3, 2022. Retrieved May 3, 2022.
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  42. ↑ "Notice of Award" (PDF). METRO MANILA SUBWAY PROJECT PHASE 1 Package CP106: E&M Systems and Track Works. Department of Transportation (Philippines). September 24, 2021. Archived (PDF) from the original on February 14, 2022. Retrieved February 14, 2022.
  43. ↑ "Egis secures a major contract to design and equip the first underground metro in Manila" (PDF). Egis Group (Press release). February 25, 2022. Retrieved May 22, 2022.
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  45. ↑ "Thales to provide key systems for Metro Manila Subway". Railway Technology. February 25, 2022. Archived from the original on February 25, 2022. Retrieved April 7, 2022.
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  47. ↑ "Order Received to Supply 240 Train Cars for Philippines' Metro Manila Subway". Sumitomo Corporation. Archived from the original on January 23, 2021. Retrieved January 5, 2021.
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  49. ↑ Cordero, Ted (December 21, 2019). "DOTr begins clearing 'partial operability' site for Metro Manila subway". GMA News Online. Archived from the original on December 21, 2019. Retrieved December 21, 2019.
  50. ↑ "Tunnel boring machines for Metro Manila subway to arrive in early 2021 – DOTr". Rappler. Archived from the original on September 22, 2020. Retrieved September 6, 2020.
  51. ↑ Ramos, Mariejo S. (September 5, 2020). "Metro Manila subway project 'early Christmas gift' to Filipinos — Tugade". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on September 6, 2020. Retrieved September 6, 2020.
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