Micah 2
An illustration of Micah 1:13: "O thou inhabitant of Lachish, bind the chariot to the swift beast." (www.ordination.org).
BookBook of Micah
CategoryNevi'im
Christian Bible partOld Testament
Order in the Christian part33

Micah 2 is the second chapter of the Book of Micah in the Hebrew Bible or the Old Testament of the Christian Bible.[1][2] This book contains the prophecies attributed to the prophet Micah, and is a part of the Book of the Twelve Minor Prophets.[3][4]

Text

The original text was written in the Hebrew language. This chapter is divided into 13 verses.

Textual versions

Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in Hebrew are of the Masoretic Text tradition, which includes the Codex Cairensis (895), the Petersburg Codex of the Prophets (916), Codex Leningradensis (1008).[5][lower-alpha 1]

Fragments containing parts of this chapter were found among the Dead Sea Scrolls, including 4Q82 (4QXIIg; 25 BCE) with extant verses 3–4;[7][8][9] and Wadi Murabba'at Minor Prophets (Mur88; MurXIIProph; 75-100 CE) with extant verses 1‑13.[8][10]

There is also a translation into Koine Greek known as the Septuagint, made in the last few centuries BCE. Extant ancient manuscripts of the Septuagint version include Codex Vaticanus (B; B; 4th century), Codex Alexandrinus (A; A; 5th century) and Codex Marchalianus (Q; Q; 6th century).[11][lower-alpha 2] Some fragments containing parts of this chapter in Greek were found among the Dead Sea Scrolls, that is, Naḥal Ḥever 8Ḥev1 (8ḤevXIIgr); late 1st century BCE) with extant verses 7–8.[8][13]

Man proposes, but God disposes (2:1–5)

There is here a perfect balance between 'accusation' (verses 1–2) and 'threat' ('therefore', verses 3, 5):

  • the accused 'devise... evil' (verse 1), but God also does in return (verse 3)
  • 'they covet fields' (verse 2), but God 'parcels out theirs to others' (verse 4)
  • they seize others' 'inheritance' (verse 2) only to 'bewail the loss of their own' (verse 4).[14]

'They' may refer to 'official administrators' (cf. Micah 3:1, 9) who collected tax from the rural population and sometimes 'to appropriate land and property' (could be as part of Hezekiah's military preparations for the invasion of Sennacherib; cf. Isaiah 22:7–11).[14] For Micah, this exercise of power 'amounts to a breach of the Ten Commandments' (verse 2).[14]

Verse 13

The breaker is come up before them:
  they have broken up,
  and have passed through the gate,
  and are gone out by it:
and their king shall pass before them,
  and the Lord on the head of them.[15]

  • "The breaker": it is best to interpret "the breaker" of Christ himself; and it is explained by the Jews also,[16] to whom this and all the rest of the characters in the text agree; and who may be so called with respect to his incarnation, being the firstborn that opened the womb, and broke forth into the world in a very extraordinary manner; his birth being of a virgin, who was so both before and after the birth; thus Pharez had his name, which is from the same root, and is of a similar sound with Phorez here, from his breaking forth before his brother, unawares, and contrary to expectation, Genesis 38:29.[17]
  • "The breaker is come (gone) up before them": The redemption of Israel is depicted under the figure of release from captivity, without interpolation into a declaration of the siege and ruin of Samaria or Jerusalem.[18]
  • "Passed through the gate": refers to the opening on the city wall that is ordinarily broken through, in order to make an entrance (see Psalm 80:13; Psalm 89:41; Isaiah 5:5; Nehemiah 2:13), or to secure to a conqueror the power of entering in Proverbs 25:28; 2 Kings 14:13; 2 Chronicles 25:23; 2 Chronicles 26:6 at any time, or by age and decay 2 Chronicles 32:5. But here the object is expressed, to go forth. Plainly then, they were confined before, as in a prison; and the gate of the prison was burst open, to set them free.[19]
  • "Their king": refers to "the Breaker" (Hosea 3:5; Matthew 27:37).[20]

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Since 1947 the current text of Aleppo Codex is missing Micah 1:1 to 5:1.[6]
  2. ↑ Book of Micah is missing in the extant Codex Sinaiticus.[12]

References

  1. ↑ Collins 2014.
  2. ↑ Hayes 2015.
  3. ↑ Metzger, Bruce M., et al. The Oxford Companion to the Bible. New York: Oxford University Press, 1993.
  4. ↑ Keck, Leander E. 1996. The New Interpreter's Bible: Volume: VII. Nashville: Abingdon.
  5. ↑ Würthwein 1995, pp. 35–37.
  6. ↑ P. W. Skehan (2003), "BIBLE (TEXTS)", New Catholic Encyclopedia, vol. 2 (2nd ed.), Gale, pp. 355–362
  7. ↑ Ulrich 2010, p. 615.
  8. 1 2 3 Dead sea scrolls - Micah
  9. ↑ Fitzmyer 2008, p. 39.
  10. ↑ Fitzmyer 2008, pp. 140–141.
  11. ↑ Würthwein 1995, pp. 73–74.
  12. ↑ Shepherd, Michael (2018). A Commentary on the Book of the Twelve: The Minor Prophets. Kregel Exegetical Library. Kregel Academic. p. 13. ISBN 978-0825444593.
  13. ↑ Fitzmyer 2008, p. 127.
  14. 1 2 3 Williamson 2007, p. 596.
  15. ↑ Micah 2:13 KJV
  16. ↑ In Mattanot Cehunah in Bereshit Rabba, parash. 85. fol. 75. 2. Vid. Galatia. Arcan. Cathol. Ver. l. 3. c. 30.
  17. ↑ John Gill. John Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible. Exposition of the Old and New Testament. Published in 1746-1763.Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  18. ↑ Joseph S. Exell; Henry Donald Maurice Spence-Jones (Editors). The Pulpit Commentary. 23 volumes. First publication: 1890.Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  19. ↑ Barnes, Albert. Notes on the Old Testament. London, Blackie & Son, 1884. Reprint, Grand Rapids: Baker Books, 1998.Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  20. ↑ Robert Jamieson, Andrew Robert Fausset; David Brown. Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary On the Whole Bible. 1871.Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.

Sources

Jewish

Christian

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