Textual witnesses

Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in Hebrew are the Masoretic Text tradition, which includes the Codex Cairensis (895), the Petersburg Codex of the Prophets (916), Aleppo Codex (10th century), Codex Leningradensis (1008).^[2]

Fragments containing parts of this chapter were found among the Dead Sea Scrolls (3rd century BC or later):^[3]

• 1QIsa^a: complete^[3]
• 1QIsa^b: extant: verses 9, 11‑18, 20, 24‑25^[3]
• 4QIsa^a (4Q55): extant: verses 13‑25^[3]
• 4QIsa^b (4Q56): extant: verses 24‑25^[3]
• 4QIsa^c (4Q57): extant: verses 10‑14^[3]
• 4QIsa^f (4Q60): extant: verses 15‑22, 25^[3]

There is also a translation into Koine Greek known as the Septuagint, made in the last few centuries BC. Extant ancient manuscripts of the Septuagint version include Codex Vaticanus (B; ${\displaystyle {\mathfrak {G}}}$^B; 4th century), Codex Sinaiticus (S; BHK: ${\displaystyle {\mathfrak {G}}}$^S; 4th century), Codex Alexandrinus (A; ${\displaystyle {\mathfrak {G}}}$^A; 5th century) and Codex Marchalianus (Q; ${\displaystyle {\mathfrak {G}}}$^Q; 6th century).^[4]

Verse 1

The burden against the Valley of Vision.

What ails you now, that you have all gone up to the housetops,^[7]

• "Valley of Vision": Also referred to as the Valley of Hinnom,^[8] from which the name Gehenna is derived.
• "Burden" (Hebrew: מַשָּׂ֖א mashā): "oracle, prophecy";^[9] the keyword in the superscriptions for a total of nine similar oracles; the others being: Isaiah 13:1; 15:1; 17:1; 19:1; 21:1, 11, 13; 23:1.^[10]

Verse 8

He removed the protection of Judah.

You looked in that day to the armor of the House of the Forest;^[11]

• "The House of the Forest": or "The House of the Forest of Lebanon", was the name for one of the prestigious buildings established by King Solomon in Jerusalem, within his palace complex (1 Kings 7:2–5), which used a great amount of cedar wood from Lebanon for the "pillars, beams, and roofing material", thus looking like a "forest".^[12]

He built the house of the forest of Lebanon; its length was 100 cubits and its width 50 cubits and its height 30 cubits, on four rows of cedar pillars with cedar beams on the pillars.^[13]

Once it stored the royal armour in form of "300 shields of gold and vessels of gold" (1 Kings 10:17–21; 2 Chronicles 9:16).^[12]

Verse 22

"The key of the house of David I will lay on his shoulder. Then he shall open, and no one shall shut. And he shall shut, and no one shall open."^[14]

• Cited in Revelation 3:7.^[15]
• "The key": may refer to a literal insignia worn by the chief administrator or symbolize the administrator’s authority to grant or exclude access to the king.^[16]

Verse 25

"'In that day,' says the Lord of hosts, 'the peg that is fastened in the secure place will be removed and be cut down and fall, and the burden that was on it will be cut off; for the Lord has spoken.'"^[17]

• "The peg that is fastened in the secure place": or "the peg driven into a firm place", refers to Eliakim, who will also be removed from office in due course.^[18]

Jewish

• Isaiah 22 Original Hebrew with Parallel English

Christian

• Isaiah 22 English Translation with Parallel Latin Vulgate

 This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Easton, Matthew George (1897). "Forest". Easton's Bible Dictionary (New and revised ed.). T. Nelson and Sons.