Paul Martin
photo taken between 1911 & 1913
Born(1883-06-06)June 6, 1883
New York City, U.S.
DiedMarch 19, 1932(1932-03-19) (aged 48)
Ossining, New York, U.S.
EducationNational Academy of Design
Occupations
SpouseLauretta Willey (1880–1972)

Paul Martin (June 6, 1883 – March 19, 1932)[1] was an American commercial artist and illustrator. His artwork appeared on over two dozen covers of Collier's and Parents during the 1920s. Martin designed the world's largest sign in 1917.[2] It towered over Times Square until 1924. He reshaped the then-famous mascot of Fisk Tires in 1930.[3] Martin created the official poster for the Girl Scouts in 1931. It was displayed at their troop meetings from 1931 to 37.[4] He played in sanctioned tennis tournaments around the New York metropolitan area from 1909 to 31.[5] This included the U.S. National Championships (now US Open) of 1920–21, 24 (all after age 35).[6] The Paul Martin singles tournament was held for eighty-four years, between 1932 and 2019.[7] He played doubles with Franklin P. Adams, teamed with Vincent Richards, and collaborated on a book with Howard R. Garis.[8] His war effort poster was made available to the public during WWI.[9] One of them has been exhibited at the International Tennis Hall of Fame since 1965 (pictured below).[10]

Background

The golden age of illustration began in the 1880s.[11] Major advancements in printing techniques were then taking place. This included breakthroughs in the halftone process. It made the printing of images for commercial purposes more economical, feasible and realistic. The singular process of wood engraving (strenuous and time-consuming) was replaced by photo engraving (higher accu­ra­cy level).[12] Howard Pyle was an artist, writer, teacher and innovator. Pyle is often regarded as the "Father of American Illustration."[13] Its luminaries included Charles Dana Gibson, J. C. Leyendecker, Maxfield Parrish, Norman Rockwell, and N. C. Wyeth. However, most illustrators received little recognition. Their artwork was perceived as commercially (not creatively) inspired. This countered that of the fine artists.[14] Nevertheless, these illustrators communicated and documented the people's aspirations, concerns, customs, humor, ideals, labor, morals and social interests.[15]

The magazine industry relied heavily on advertising revenue. It suffered from the popularity of radio and television (especially the latter). These far-reaching mediums were much more appealing to advertisers. The specialized magazines fared better.[16] They targeted specific (not diverse) audiences and suffered fewer losses in readership and revenue. Later came the Internet revolution, which forced numerous periodicals to shut down or go digital for survival.[17] Another point is that major advancements in photographic equipment and technology occurred during the 1930s. This resulted in the decades-long transition from illustrated to photographic covers.[15] The innovative and enchanting artistic rendition still lingered on. Eventually, graphic design software completely took over.

Life and tennis

He was born to Hannah A. (née Morrow) and Robert C. Martin (a brick merchant) in New York City on June 6, 1883.[18][19] He was the second-youngest of nine children. Three of them did not reach adulthood.[20] The family home was located on 31st St. in Manhattan, between 8th and 9th Aves, throughout the 1880s.[21] The Martin clan moved way up to Central Harlem on Edgecombe Ave. in 1890.[22] Young Paul lost two sisters between 1891 & 1893.[23] The family relocated within Central Harlem, to 129th and 5th in 1898.[24][25] They belonged to the Twenty-fourth Street M. E. Church (till 1890)[26][27] and Calvary M. E. Church (till 1908).[28] His father was the superintendent of their Sunday schools.[29][30] Martin immensely enjoyed drawing as a boy (future vocation).[31] His first regular job was as a brokerage clerk at age 16.[32] He studied commercial art at the National Academy of Design from 1902 to 06 (summer only in 1906).[33][34][35] His first career job was with the New-York Tribune as its art manager from 1906 to 12.[36][37] He succeeded the innovative Stephen H. Horgan.[38] Martin continued to live at home during those years. The family moved from Upper Manhattan to rural Maplewood, New Jersey, 1908.[39][40][41] Their new church was located just two blocks away.[42] They lived near a train station, which allowed them to commute into Manhattan. He joined the local tennis club and started competing in sanctioned events, 1909.[43][44] His first two tournaments were held at the Nyack and Morristown clubs, Aug–Sep 1909.[45] He played in both with Ralph, an older brother by 12 years.[46] Ralph was related through marriage to Charles Yardley Turner.[47]

Martin married Lauretta Willey (pronounced "will-ee") at the First M. E. Church on Washington St. in Hoboken, New Jersey, 1912.[48] The Rev. Henry J. Johnston officiated.[49] The couple first met years earlier at Calvary Methodist.[50] Lauretta's siblings were schoolteacher Emma and accountant Walter (who later owned the Willey Book Co.).[51] Their first home together was in the University Heights section of the Bronx, 1912.[52] They relocated one block east to another rental, 1915.[53][54] He worked for the innovative O. J. Gude Company from 1912 to 19.[55][56] It was the industry leader in outdoor advertising.[57] His Gude office was first located at 935 Broadway, 1912–13[58] ... and then at 220 West 42nd (Candler Bldg. in Times Square), 1913–19. He worked for the advertising firm Gotham Studios from 1919 to 20.[59][60] Its headquarters moved from 1133 Broadway (St. James Bldg.) to East 24th St., near 4th (now Park) Ave., on January 1, 1920.[61] Martin went freelance and rented a small studio, Aug–Sep 1920.[62] It was located on East 27th St., between Lexington and 3rd Aves.[63] He could now work independently, with flexible hours, creative control, and (adversely) income uncertainty. He joined the Artists' Guild[31] in December 1920.[64]

Paul and Lauretta moved from the Bronx to a rural, forested area of Millwood, New York, August 1925.[65] Their first owned home doubled as a working studio (upper floor) from 1925 to 1932.[66][67] Its centerpiece was a long, flat table that held the canvases, drawing pads, paint brushes and tubes. Also nearby were art books, easels, photo shoot props, and an adjacent darkroom. Natural northern light came in through the large side window.[68][69] He was artistically inspired by the secluded and wooded surroundings. He occasionally used family members as models. Uncle Paul's niece Edna is writing down the license plate number of a boy's wagon,[66][70] on the Liberty cover of September 12, 1925. She's also highlighted on an American Junior Red Cross poster.[66][71] His mother-in-law is basting a turkey for Thanksgiving,[66] on the People's Home Journal cover of November 1928.[72] The Martins attended Highland Methodist Church, in the now-historic district of nearby Ossining.[73]

Paul Martin Memorial trophy

He was ranked among the top thirty tennis players in the New York metropolitan area from 1920 to 1925 (top twenty, 1923–24).[74][75][76] He was known for making accurate shots.[77] Martin won numerous trophies (or awards) in singles, doubles, and mixed doubles (with Lauretta) between 1919 & 1931.[78][79][80] This includes one for capturing the inaugural singles championship, at the Sunningdale Country Club in 1920.[81][82] Others were for the Lake George[83] and Lake Mohonk[84] championships of 1924. Martin's opponents included future Hall of Famers Fred Alexander,[85] Jean Borotra,[86] Francis Hunter,[87] Gerald Patterson,[88] Vincent Richards,[89] Bill Tilden,[90] John Van Ryn,[91] Marie Wagner[92] & Watson Washburn.[93][94] Other notable foes were Craig Biddle,[95] Herbert Bowman,[96][97] Wylie Grant,[98] Walter Merrill Hall,[99] Robert Kinsey,[100] Percy Kynaston,[101] Nathaniel Niles,[102] William Rosenbaum,[103] Howard Voshell[104] & Charles Wood.[105] A doubles partner and longtime clubmate was newspaper columnist Franklin P. Adams, who wrote "Baseball's Sad Lexicon."[106][107] A teammate was the reigning national boy champion, 14-year-old Vincent Richards.[108]

Martin and Bill Tilden competed together in over fifteen tournaments,[109] including the U.S. National Championships of 1920, 21 & 24.[110][111] The latter was played at Forest Hills Stadium (completed in 1923) and on its outlying courts, Aug 25–Sep 2, 1924. His opening-round opponent was two-time Wimbledon titlist, Gerald Patterson of Australia. 41-year-old Martin won a set, but lost the match 4-6, 4-6, 9-7, 0-6.[88][112] (There was a two-day rain delay after the third set.)[113] He competed in four consecutive National Veterans' Championships (for ages 45+) at Forest Hills from 1928 to 31.[114] Martin was a standout singles and doubles player, for both the University Heights (Bronx, N.Y.)[106] and County (Hartsdale, N.Y.) Tennis Clubs.[115] He was caught up in the fallout of a USLTA ruling, 1924. It prohibited players from writing for profit after a certain date. The distinction between amateurism and professionalism was hotly contested and debated from Feb to Dec 1924.[116] Martin came out "in favor of a reconsideration of the matter."[117] He often acted as the women's referee.[118] He organized tournaments for youngsters, as a committee member of the Briarcliff Lodge Sports Club.[119] The Westchester County Tennis League began play with a six-team format in 1926.[120] They held the annual Paul Martin singles tournament for over eighty years.[121][122][123] It was initiated by player and executive Fenimore Cady, who lived in Mount Pleasant, N.Y., 1932.[124] The winners had their names engraved along the base of one of Martin's prized cups (pictured).[125][126] His memory was also honored by a short-lived club tourney.[127]

He died of a stomach ulcer at age 48. This was one week after an operation at Ossining Hospital in March 1932.[128] The service was held at Highland (Ossining United) Methodist Church.[129] The survivors included three brothers and one sister.[130] His wife Lauretta "Lolly" (1880–1972), outlived him by forty years.[131] They both played singles in the Nationals (US Open),[132] and regularly partnered in mixed doubles.[133][134][135] She donated the tournament trophy named after him.[126] His wartime painting "Serve Your Country" was once prominently displayed, in the main room of the International Tennis Hall of Fame and Museum.[136] Its gift shop offered a coffee mug[137] and a postcard version (pictured). He was known for his athletic ability, active participation, friendliness, and sportsmanship.[138] A retrospect from the Bronxville Press in August 1932: "His presence was always felt by topnotchers, as well as by those who could play only an average game. Paul Martin was a synonym for all that was clean and wholesome in the game."[139]

Collier's

General-interest magazines were once very popular with mainstream audiences.[140][141] One of them was the historically significant Collier's, which had a revival under editor William L. Chenery in 1925.[142][143] Martin drew many of its covers during the mid-Roaring Twenties, including seven in 1925 (twenty: 1923–27). Two of them were for Christmas issues (1924, 26). Some artists created their own niche, such as in drawing comical situations, domestic follies, political satire, pretty women, or simple pleasures.[144] His recurring theme was of a youthful boy engaged in various lighthearted activities or situations. This included the following:[145] catching a baseball, loading up on desserts (pictured below), playing the flute,[146] decked out in a straw hat, shooting marbles, shoveling snow, winding up a spinning top, carrying schoolbooks, eating turkey, bobbing for apples, playing football (pictured), going down a water slide,[147] sleigh riding, happily swimming, getting hair shaved, saying grace, daydreaming about fishing,[148] and working as a messenger—all on the covers of Collier's. He rarely veered from that subject matter. The most striking departure was for a self-portrait. He portrayed himself as a well-dressed, vocal spectator at the horse races.[149]

Calling the play, Collier's, 1924-10-25

His drawing style was simple yet bold. It captured the brightness, carefreeness, and innocence of youth. There was a nostalgic element to them. They resonated with the masses, who had just lived through a catastrophic world war and influenza pandemic. Martin excluded the non-essential details (extra people, scenery, structures, trees, etc.), which allowed viewers to make an instant connection. His paintings are often easy to recognize, since their theme and style have remained fairly consistent. They sometimes give the illusion of three-dimensional depth. This was done through the use of various techniques, such as color intensity variation, linear perspective, and overlapping. His cover art almost always had a holiday or seasonal theme or portrayed the magazine's overall image.[150] This was common practice back then. It only once corresponded to an inside article.[149]

Creative Process. Martin started by coming up with ideas and turning them into conceptual sketches. They were developed further into rough drafts and sent to art editors for publication consideration.[151] He continued working on the ones approved, which came back with or without a modification request. (The rejects were sometimes submitted elsewhere.) He then hired boys for photo sessions, most of whom lived locally.[66] His drawings were made from processed images rather than from long, real-life sittings. This gave him more options and flexibility. The preliminary and final versions were based on multiple photos captured during the shoot, along with some improvising.[152][153] This was also a more practical process, due to children's natural tendency to be active and impatient. He interacted with them from behind the camera, in order to obtain the desired facial expression. His wife assisted by preparing the models for their scene.[154] Collier's advertising and circulation revenues steadily declined after World War II. The main culprit was the rapid growth of television. Collier's was forced to cease publication in December 1956.[142] Its top competitors (Life, Look and Post) were able to hold out longer.

Commercial artist

H-O Oats, outdoor advertising sign, 1931
Gerlach Barklow print, "Singin' in the Rain," 1931
Three photos of a model posing and the final product, 1932

Martin designed "Wrigley Gum's" light bulb spectacular, which showcased six acrobatic "spearmen" on a Broadway billboard in 1917.[36] It was the world's largest display at 200 feet by 50 feet.[155] It covered an entire city block in Times Square, between 43rd and 44th Sts.[156][157][158][159] This panoramic light show was a major tourist attraction for seven years.[160][161] The Wrigley name was synonymous with big-time advertising.[162] He created a poster for the war effort titled "Serve Your Country" (double meaning), which depicted a fashionable young woman serving in tennis.[163] It was for the War Camp Community Service in 1918. Women were encouraged to entertain off-duty soldiers, by participating with them in various social activities (amusements, dancing, dining, sightseeing, etc.).[164] This poster was silkscreened (pictured below). It has been periodically displayed at the International Tennis Hall of Fame in Rhode Island.[10]

He drew five different scenes of snow activities for the New York, Ontario and Western Railway (a passenger or freight carrier) in 1921–22.[165] They described the Catskill Mountains in Sullivan County, as a lively and refreshing vacation spot. He designed greeting cards for printer William Edwin Rudge in 1921.[166] Martin drew a cheerful boy eating baked beans for Heinz 57 in 1927.[167] He also created two posters for the American Junior Red Cross, 1929–30. The first was titled "The Flag of Service the World Around." It featured children in festive costumes behind a globe, with one holding up a large Red Cross flag.[168] The second was titled "Juniors Helping Everywhere." It showed twenty miniature scenes of children worldwide in various supportive roles.[71] Martin designed three billboards for the Hecker H-O (Hornby's Oatmeal) Company of Buffalo, New York, 1931.[169] One showed a confident young football player being patched up, who had oats for breakfast (pictured).[170] The other two emphasized its healthiness[171][172] or deliciousness.[173] These large advertisements (25 feet by 12 feet) appeared on poster panels, to attract passing motorists and pedestrians.[172] They also had short runs in food markets—on their walls, windows, or hanging from overhead wires.[174]

Martin painted three advertisements for General Electric's all-steel, "Monitor Top" refrigerator in 1930. The first and most elaborate featured two boys running a lemonade stand. Their mother looks on with approval through the open kitchen window.[175] It appeared as a full-page ad in over ten magazines at the same time.[176] A review from Printers' Ink in 1930: " 'Electric Lemonaide, 5 cents per glass,' reads the sign of the youthful shopkeepers. ... [They] are soliciting trade in a strenuous manner, as a friendly dog enters into the spirit of the event with challenging barks. ... [I]t is a picture filled with action and story-telling strength. But because the advertised product has been worked in so adroitly, the illustration seems doubly effective and relevant."[177] His other "Monitor Top" credits were of a girl playing with building blocks,[178] and two dressed-up girls listening to an enthusiastic sales boy.[179][152] It was regarded as the first reliable and affordable model for residential use, though at a hefty price.

He painted a contest-winning poster for the Girl Scouts in 1931. It was titled "Usefulness • Beauty • Health • Truth • Knowledge."[180][31][181] The Art Alliance of America conducted the contest.[182] This organization brought together craftworkers and advertisers. There were two hundred-plus submissions.[183] The judging panel consisted of W. T. Benda (who replaced Charles Dana Gibson),[184] Ray Greenleaf, Rockwell Kent, John La Gatta, Neysa McMein and Edward A. Wilson.[185] Martin's model for the poster was Barbara Smith, a 14-year-old from Darien, Connecticut[185] (previously, Yonkers, N.Y.).[186] Her parents and Martin were lifelong friends. He served as best man at their wedding back in 1904.[187] His winning entry earned him a $300 first-place check, from the Girl Scouts' National Director Josephine Schain (pictured below). This ceremonial exchange took place at their national headquarters, on Lexington Avenue in Manhattan.[188] It also occurred right after Schain presented awards of $200 and $100, to the second- and third-place winners.[185] The top three finishers then posed together behind their entries (pictured below).[189] National President Birdsall Otis Edey was one of three consultants, along with executives Anne Hyde Choate and Genevieve Garvan Brady.[184] His poster faithfully and strikingly captured the character-building movement.[185] It was printed and displayed at the troop meeting places (on bulletin boards, stands, or windows) and on the bedroom walls of its members from 1931 to 37.[181][190][191] It also appeared on the covers of Girl Scout Equipment for Fall 1932 and Spring 1933. They all showed a modified version with three raised fingers instead of a salute.[192] Martin said at the award ceremony, "Barbara seems [to be] the personification of all that Girl Scouting means. She is the very spirit of radiant, happy, and wholesome young girlhood, and my mind naturally turned to her immediately when I learned of the competition."[193]

His drawings were also used to promote businesses on Gerlach Barklow's calendars, ink blotter cards, and prints. One of them was titled "Singin' in the Rain," 1931. It showed a sitting boy holding an umbrella amid five puppies (pictured).[194] Another depicted a boy reading about scientific theories with some difficulty.[195] His work appeared in many different types of print media.[196] Martin's paintings often included a cute and friendly pup. He drew covers for four different trade publications between 1920 & 1931. They were as follows: Advertising & Selling,[197][36] Good Hardware,[198] Progressive Grocer (voice of the food retail industry),[199] and Silent Hostess (for homemakers).[200] Martin's third and fourth covers were for the then-newly established Progressive Grocer.[201] Coincidentally, the H-O athlete (pictured left) later served as its associate editor from 1956 to 62.[202]

Another credit was mentioned in a magazine for war veterans. As follows: "The cover design on this issue of Foreign Service (pictured)[153] is a two-color reproduction of the official 1932 Buddy Poppy poster."[203] [It was so named because former soldiers used that word while remembering their companions killed in WWI.][204] "The original was painted in oil by the late Paul Martin, noted New York poster artist, who died suddenly on March 19th following a serious operation. The poster has been pronounced as one of the most striking and appropriate designs ever used, to depict the symbolism of the Buddy Poppy." [Namely, a red artificial flower worn in honor of the fallen Allied soldiers.] "It was completed shortly before the artist's death and is believed to have been his last important assignment [vague].[205][206] Those familiar with Paul Martin's career as an artist, declare the 1932 Buddy Poppy poster to be one of his best creations."[207][208] It was pictured in a variety of newspapers from 1932 to 33.[203]

Fisk tire boy

Martin's most notable artwork, artist signed, 1930
Jigsaw Puzzle, Design No. 1, artist signed, 1933
Envelope postmarked 1932. Artist signed.

The Fisk Rubber Company was making tires for automobiles, bicycles, and carriages by 1901.[209] Its factory was located along the riverfront in Chicopee Falls, Mass. The plant pumped out some 230,000 tires in August 1921.[210] Fisk struggled financially before and during the Great Depression.[211] It was acquired by U.S. Rubber (manufacturer of the U.S. Royal brand) in 1940.[212] Its worldwide subsidiaries (under various names) received the unifying name of Uniroyal (1966).[213] This mega-company merged with another to form Uniroyal Goodrich (1986). Its tire division was sold to Michelin (1990).[214] Authorized dealers of Fisk tires included Kmart (1965–78)[215] and Discount Tire (1996–2014).[216] Dormant years: 1978–96.

Martin completely reshaped a once-famous and whimsical character in American advertising. It was the Fisk Rubber Company's "bedtime boy," who shouldered an oversized tire while dangling a lighted candle.[217][218] It came with the motoring message, "Time to Re-tire" (debut 1910).[219][220][221] This catchphrase had a simple double meaning. The lad's prodigious yawn became a smile in early 1929 (initial change).[222] Martin was then commissioned to come up with a slightly more aged, modern-day figure in late 1929.[223][224] The objective was to update the heavily publicized trademark, while still maintaining its charm and familiarity. Transition Process: The boy's one-piece sleeper became a two-piece pajama set. Added for extra style were the zip-up slippers. His four-year-old nephew served as the model (neck down only).[66][70] The stance and all-important props remained basically intact, though with the latest tire design and a more fashionable, less-tilted candle holder. Many newspapers ran a story that complimented the new look, May–June 1930.[225] The youngster was described as more boyish, energetic, fit, and modern ("in keeping with the times"). The publicity manager at Fisk made the initial review in March 1930. As follows:

"a happy, smiling, 100-percent American boy in his little two-piece pajama[s], radiating good cheer, ruddy-cheeked and tousle-headed, snappy and wide awake, standing in the old-time pose."[226][227]

Fisk Tires used the now-updated version in ads to showcase its newly introduced "Air-Flights." That included thirteen times in The Saturday Evening Post, between Feb 8 and Aug 23, 1930 (latter pictured).[228][229] It was offered to the public as a colorful art print that could be framed.[230] The cheerful mascot appeared in many different formats. These were either with or without a facial touch-up (three signed variants are pictured).[231] It showed up on the front cover and endpapers of fairy tale or folktale books for children in 1931. As follows (8 total): Candy Land, Jack and the Bean Stalk, Little Black Sambo, Peter Rabbit, Pied Piper, Three Bears, Three Little Kittens, and Three Little Pigs.[232] They were generically subtitled Time to Re-tire / A Bedtime Story. It also appeared on ashtrays,[233] bridge score pads,[234] cigarette cases,[235] electrical clocks,[236] jigsaw puzzles (pictured),[237][238] matchbooks,[239] posters[240] and rubber heel replacements for shoes.[241] These were complimentary items for actual or potential customers (excluding the clocks).[242][243]

Fisk retailers used Martin's lively figure on their data books,[244] display windows,[245] letterheads, and mailing envelopes (pictured).[246] It showed up in miniature form in The American Boy and Boys' Life magazines[247] (along with hundreds of newspapers)[248] from 1930 to 34. However, advertisements by Fisk and its dealers were fairly rare from 1931 to 36. Most of the dealers (two-thirds!) failed to meet the new financial requirements and thereby lost their franchise in November 1930.[249] This drastic corporate downsizing was done to cut operating costs. It followed three consecutive years of declining sales and mounting debts.[211] The Great Depression had devastated the entire rubber industry through fierce price wars. They were already taking place due to competition from mail-order houses.[250] Martin's figure was never firmly established with a strong promotion campaign, involving significant (yet necessary) expenditures.[251] Fisk defaulted on interest payments to bondholders and entered receivership in January 1931.[252] The restructuring process ended with the naming of a new management team, May 1933. They decided to go back to the original character based on public sentiment in late 1934.[253] This was an unusual regression, as other companies had successfully modernized their own mascots (some multiple times).[251]

Timetable.[226][254] Three stages of the pajama-clad boy, as seen in print or on advertising material: a. 1910–28, 35–onward[219][220][221][255] (created by Burr Giffen, an agency art director). It still showed up in newspaper ads during the transition year of 1929.[256] b. 1929–30 (yawn changed into a smile—anonymous). c. 1930–34 (a modern makeover by Paul Martin).[224] It still showed up in newspaper ads during the transition year of 1935.[257] His credits include all of, and only, the version with the two-piece pajamas. It publicly debuted in The Saturday Evening Post issue of February 8, 1930. Overall note: There were also minor touch-ups made in various years. Incidental note: Norman Rockwell drew paintings featuring the trade character, which were published in 1917–20, 23–25.[258]

He received the coveted commission (paragraph 2, sentence 6) by developing a reputation for drawing boys.[259] It was then common practice among artists to create their own niche.[144] The subjects of boys, dogs and pretty women were popular themes in that era.[260]

Total finals and more

Serving in style, WWI poster, 1918

This list only includes open or invitational tournaments sanctioned by the United States Lawn Tennis Association (one exception; next ref.). Their results largely determined the player rankings and who qualified for the Nationals. These are semi-majors, categorized by the event's host.[261] Total finals (30). A documented breakdown follows. Wins (11). SINGLES: 1920–Sunningdale CC (Scarsdale, N.Y.).[262] 1924–Lake George & Lake Mohonk Tennis Clubs (Warren & Ulster Counties).[263][264] CONSOLATION SINGLES: 1915–Merriewold TC (Sullivan Cty.).[265][266] DOUBLES: 1922–New York Athletic Club.[267] 1924–Lake George & Lake Mohonk. 1925–Lake George TC & West Side TC (for veterans).[268] 1931–Lake George. MIXED DOUBLES: 1920–New York TC (for married couples).[269] Runners-up (19). SINGLES: 1919–Woodmere Club (L.I., N.Y.).[270] 1922–Essex County (N.J.) CC[271] & Powelton Club (Newburgh, N.Y.).[272] 1923–Amackassin Club (Yonkers)[273] & Harlem (Manhattan) TC.[274] 1924–Oritani Field Club (Hackensack, N.J.)[275] & Stamford (Conn.) Yacht Club.[276] 1925–Lake George & Lake Mohonk. 1930–Lake George. DOUBLES: 1921–Greenwich (Conn.) CC[277] & Milford (Pa.) Field Club. 1925–Lake Mohonk. 1926–South Yonkers TC[278][279] (finalists are pictured below). 1930–Lake George. 1931–Lake Mohonk.[264] MIXED DOUBLES: 1921–Milford (Pa.).[280] 1925–Lake George (with Lauretta). 1930–Lake George (with Lauretta).[263] Notes. These are the knowns. For instance, results in mixed doubles were not always recorded. Hence, the one held at Milford could easily have been lost to history. He also won many other tournaments, which were open only to members of the County Tennis Club in Hartsdale.[281] The Martins sometimes played the circuit while on vacation.[282]

US Open singles
1920 (1R)
1921 (2R)
1924 (2R)

Grand Slams (majors). This list is based solely on appearances. He lasted until the specified number of rounds. National singles (3): 1920-1R. 1921-2R. 1924-2R.[110] [Lauretta 1921-1R].[132] National Veterans' singles—for ages 45+ (4): 1928-4R. 1929-4R. 1930-3R. 1931-3R.[114] It was renamed the US Open in 1968.

University Heights TC. A longtime committee and playing member who lived in the immediate area. He competed in its annual North Side tournaments from 1913 to 1929 (except for 1914, 26). These open events attracted a large number of entries. Martin reached the semifinals (SF) in 1913, 24 & 28. Singles (13): 1915-5R. 1916-3R. 1917-2R. 1918-4R. 1919-5R. 1920-3R. 1922-3R. 1923-4R. 1924-SF. 1925-3R. 1927-3R. 1928-SF. 1929-2R.[283] Doubles (6): 1913-SF. 1915-3R. 1916-3R. 1919-1R. 1920-3R. 1921-1R. 1922-discontinued.[284] Mixed doubles: 1923-1R.[285]

Memberships. These spans were compiled from periodical and newspaper accounts. Maplewood (N.J.) FC, 1909–12.[43] University Heights (Bronx) TC, 1913–26.[286][287] County (Hartsdale) TC, 1926–32.[288] He played on the circuit for 23 consecutive years, 1909–31.[5] His older brother by twelve years, Ralph of Mid-Lower Manhattan & then East Orange (N.J.), joined him in 1909, 11, 21–22.[47]

Featured Match. It took place in the Eastern New York State championships of 1925. A firsthand account by New York Times sportswriter Allison Danzig follows. Excerpts:

[Bill] Tilden and Strachan advanced from the semi-finals of the doubles, by putting out Alfred D. Hammett and Paul Martin at 6-4, 5-7, 6-1, 6-3. ... It required some of the best tennis that Tilden has played here all week, before the Philadelphians were able to overcome the New York pair. Hammett and Martin were always contenders, except in the third set when they slumped badly, and in order to hold them off, Tilden constantly found it necessary to invade his partner's territory and play the opposing pair single-handed[ly]. ... There was nothing to choose between the two teams in the first and second sets. In the third set, Hammett and Martin went to pieces as Tilden became rampant and raked their court with placement drives and volleys. After the Philadelphians had gained a commanding lead, the New York pair allowed th[is] set to go without making much effort, preferring to save their strength for the next chapter. But after the rest period, Tilden returned to the courts to play perhaps his best tennis of the match. Both Martin and Hammett fought with everything they had, and their team work was splendidly coordinated, but [it] all counted for nought against the individual brilliance of Tilden [ranked World No. 1].[90][289]

Magazine cover illustrator

Artist signed. However, four are imprinted with the words "Cover by Paul Martin." His signature remained fairly consistent—with a curved P & M, slanted t-crossbar, and underline mark. Also, the first name was written above the last name.

Runner slides home, PHJ, 1928
"Business Men's Lunch": cream pie, chocolate cake, rice pudding and an ice cream sundae. Collier's, 1924-02-02

His artwork on Foreign Service was initially bought but not used by Parents in 1930. Therefore, it was sold by Parents to American Lithographic to Foreign Service.[290] Martin's artwork on Die Hausfrau had previously appeared on Gerlach Barklow products. Farm & Fireside became Country Home in early 1930.

Parents' 25th anniversary issue came out in October 1951. Its silver jubilee cover featured miniature versions of 25 previous covers (one for each year from 1926 to 1950). This included three credited to Martin. Their dates of issue were Oct 1928, Aug 1929 and Oct 1930. He therefore, in a way, won Parents' prestigious "Cover of the Year" award for 1928, 29 & 30. The first issue with the classic title was August 1929.[291]

The following list contains thirty-seven known credits, including three from September 1925. They are all from consumer (not trade) magazines. The latter are recorded under "Commercial artist" in paragraph 5.

Book illustrator

The Baseball Detective, 1928

His contributions to short stories include the following: • "Short Turns and Encores" by Dorothy Parker and others, Saturday Evening Post, July 29, 1922 p. 16.[304] • "The Blanket" by Floyd Dell, Collier's, October 16, 1926 p. 18.[305] • "The Unfairway" by Burford Lorimer (son of George Horace Lorimer), Collier's, December 25, 1926 pp. 22–23.[306] • "Tragedy" by Eve Bernstein, Scribner's Magazine, April 1928 p. 479.[307] • "On the Dark Trail" by Franklin Holt (real name Russell M. Coryell), Scribner's Magazine, July 1928 p. 71.[308]

The first six listed below are fictional or semi-fictional books for children. It includes a collaboration with Howard R. Garis. This genre often required a more animated, imaginative, and whimsical drawing style (yet still in sync with the story).

  • Philus, the Stable Boy of Bethlehem; and Other Children's Story-Sermons for Christmas ..., Edmund J. Cleveland, with a foreword by the Rt. Rev. Charles L. Slattery, Sep 1927 (credits: dust jacket, frontispiece, facing pp. 52, 66, 124).[309] It contains eleven short stories covering the church year. The opener is about a stable boy who was present at the Nativity. These are pseudo-narratives with a moral message.
  • Puck Chasers, Incorporated, Charles G. Muller, Sep 1927 (credits: dust jacket, frontispiece, facing pp. 164, etc.).[310] Students popularize a sport by overcoming obstacles. Set at the Fisk School for Boys in East Grand Rapids, Michigan. This is one of the earliest books about ice hockey. Its predecessors largely focused on a variety of winter sports rather than just one.
  • Araminta, Helen Cady Forbes, Nov 1927 (credits: dust jacket, frontispiece, facing pp. 134, 212).[311] Araminta turns eleven years old and finds a baby, who turns out to have been kidnapped.
  • The Prince and the Pig's Gate, and Other Sermons in Story, Robert Hugh Morris, May 1928 (credits: DJ, frontispiece, facing pp. 48, 134, 166).[312] Intro: "Unsophisticated tales for children of all ages—up to 99."
  • The Baseball Detective, Charles G. Muller, Aug 1928 (credits: dust jacket, frontispiece, facing pp. 22, 132, 250-pictured).[313] Baseball, competition, friendship, and mystery at Fisk School for Boys. Title's detective: Douglas Johnson, 3B.
  • Chad of Knob Hill: The Tale of a Lone Scout, Howard R. Garis, Sep 1929 (credits: dust jacket, frontispiece, pp. 14, 60, 85, 97, 163, 187, 213, 281).[314] This book is about a branch of the Boy Scouts of America. A marching troop crosses the path of an overworked farmhand, who promptly decides to take their oath. Garis created stories about Uncle Wiggily, a gentlemanly rabbit afflicted with rheumatism.
  • Stories of To-day and Yesterday ..., Frederick Houk Law, editor, Feb 1930 (frontispiece only).[315] It's an instructional guide for older students—on how to read, write, and appreciate short stories like Rip Van Winkle. Included are questions and topics for classroom discussion.
  • The Bookshelf for Boys and Girls, Clara Whitehill Hunt, lead editor, 1930–31 and 1931–32 editions (dust jackets only, both sides).[316] The best books for children are carefully selected. It's an authoritative guide for parents, in catalog format with descriptive notes.

Photos of Paul

References and notes

The notes are either directly related or give additional details (e.g., ref. 59). Repeated citations can be perplexing (e.g., ref. 66). Keywords that match those in the body are sometimes placed in parentheses (e.g., ref. 15). An abbreviated format is used for the dates to avoid continuous repetition (e.g., ref. 256). Links to pages on Fultonhistory.com are indirectly provided (e.g., ref. 180). The opening words in quotes appear on the given pages (e.g., ref. 3).

  1. ↑ Register of Deaths for the Village of Ossining, N.Y. He was hospi­talized from March 12 to 19. He lived in the hamlet of Millwood. Census of 1930. Home address. Birthdate. American Art Annual, 1928 p. 654.
  2. ↑ "Wrigley's Gum"1; "Wrigley's Gum"2. New-York Historical Society. Photo taken by William D. Hassler (1877–1921). Electrical Record, Jul 1917 p. 54 (world's). HathiTrust. More details and pictures are at refs. 36, 155–162.
  3. ↑ "Snappy". The Saturday Evening Post, Mar 8, 1930 p. 76. Artist signed. It was publicly introduced in the issue of Feb 8, 1930. Not signed. "8th Flash". Automobile Topics, Dec 16, 1916 p. 547. The original.
  4. ↑ This poster was pictured and sold in every Girl Scout Equipment catalog from Fall 1931 to Fall 1936. It was replaced with the 25th anniversary poster in 1937. Excerpt from all Spring and Fall issues, 1935–36 p. 33 or 38: "Used by many troops at the group meeting place on a bulletin board." Usefulness1. Fall 1932. Usefulness2. Spring 1933. Artist signed (light; near left elbow).
  5. 1 2 USLTA sanctioned. This span includes all of the in-between years. It's backed up internally (within this article). Bronxville Press, Aug 16, 1932 p. 4 – news.hrvh.org. He was a tennis enthusiast. It kept him from becoming over­whelmed with work, and from reaching higher artistic heights.
  6. ↑ Tennis Observed by Bill Talbert, 1967 pp. 98–99, 102. Men's singles was held at Forest Hills, 1920 & 24. It was held at the Germantown Cricket Club in Philadelphia, 1921.
  7. ↑ The Westchester County Tennis League was the annual host from 1932 to 2019 (except for 1942–45). Its board meetings were often held at the Bronxville Field Club. More details are in this article and at Fultonhistory.com. Enter with quotes: "Paul Martin Memorial."
  8. ↑ New York Tribune, Oct 1, 1917 p. 13 ("Auto Springs Leak"); Jul 2, 1919 p. 12. Chad of Knob Hill, 1929.
  9. ↑ "Poster Stamp". American Lawn Tennis, Jun 15, 1918 p. 88. Three formats. A regular postage stamp cost three cents back then. Artist signed.
  10. 1 2 The frame states that the donor was Bessie Holden in 1965. Displayed periodically. The Sun, Apr 21, 1918 sec. 7 p. 8; Jul 16, 1918 p. 13. She helped organize the National Tennis Women's War Relief Association. New York Tribune, Sep 9, 1919 p. 15; Jun 2, 1920 p. 13; Jun 16, 1920 p. 13; Jul 26, 1921 p. 12; Brooklyn Daily Eagle, May 23, 1922 sec. 1 p. 2; Feb 27, 1923 p. 1 (ps. ed.); Sep 24, 1930 p. 25. Holden & Mrs. Martin both played in these tourneys.
  11. ↑ The Golden Age of American Illustration by Perlman, 1978 p. 7 (foreword). Artists, Advertising, and the Borders of Art by Bogart, 1995 p. 15. Both are accessible via Internet Archive.
  12. ↑ Scribner's Magazine, Jul 1922 p. 124. Heading: "American Illustration and the Reproductive Arts." Process and Practice of Photo-engraving, Groesbeck, 1924 pp. 2, 9.
  13. ↑ The New York Times, Nov 10, 1911 p. 11. Obit column. "He was almost [or like] the father of American magazine illustration, as it is known to-day."
  14. ↑ Artists, Advertising, and the Borders of Art by Bogart, 1995 pp. 1–4, 47–55, 78. Most lacked job security and a regular income. They still ranked higher in status than the advertising artists. Accessed via Internet Archive.
  15. 1 2 Cover Story: The Art of American Magazine Covers 1900-1950 by Heller & Fili, 1996 pp. 7–8 (documented), 9–12 (recognition), 16–17 (decades). These three keywords are under the heading "Background" in paragraphs 1–2.
  16. ↑ The Magazine Publishing Industry by Daly, Henry & Ryder, 1997 pp. vii, 4, 17. Internet Archive.
  17. ↑ Understanding Media and Culture in the 2020s, Lule, 2023 pp. 165–69. I. A.
  18. ↑ New York Press, Dec 13, 1890 p. 2. His father was part of "Peck, Martin & Co." It specialized in building materials, especially bricks. Excerpt: "Mr. Martin, who had been employed as a bookkeeper by the firm for twelve years, was admitted as a partner [on] February 1, 1882." Fultonhistory.com.
  19. ↑ Associate. Real Estate Record and Builders' Guide, Jan 5, 1884 p. 24vi (exact center). Real Estate Record ..., Feb 7, 1891 p. 199 (now called "Martin & Co."). Google Books.
  20. ↑ Census of 1880. Search under "Robt. C." Censuses of 1900 and 1910. They had nine children, with six still living. New York Herald, Nov 5, 1864 p. 3. His parents were married in 1864. New York Herald, July 30, 1917 p. 4; New York Tribune, July 30, 1917 p. 7. Robert's obits. He was survived by Hannah, five sons and one daughter. The funeral service was held at Calvary M. E. Church in Manhattan, at 129th St. and 7th Ave. The New York Times, Sep 21, 1919 p. 22. Hannah's obit.
  21. ↑ Census of 1880 (search under "Robt. C."); New York & New Jersey Telephone Company (directory), 1888 sec. NYC p. 81; Trow's New York City Directory, 1890 p. 835. They lived near the future site of Penn Station.
  22. ↑ The Sun, Dec 13, 1890 p. 8. "Real Estate Transfers" (fifth down). Locale: east side [of the street], N of 138th. Trow's New York City Directory, 1891 p. 912; 1892 p. 948; 1893 p. 931; 1894 p. 931; 1896 p. 966; 1897 p. 863. Home: Edgecombe Ave. Their address is listed under Robert F. (son of Robert C.) for 1896 & 97. New York Public Library Digital Collections.
  23. ↑ The Sun, July 17, 1891 p. 5. His baby sister Theresa, died at thirteen months. The Evening World, June 20, 1893 p. 7. His teenage sister Hannah Louisa, died at 16. Their funeral services were held at the family home on Edgecombe Ave. Both are accessible via Chronicling America. Enter "Hannah A. Martin." He was born after the death of another young sibling.
  24. ↑ Census of 1880. The family lived on 31st St. Census of 1900. They lived on 129th St.
  25. ↑ Trow's General Directory of the Boroughs of Manhattan and Bronx, 1899 p. 846. They lived on 129th St.
  26. ↑ Minutes of the New York Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church, edited by Adams & Strobridge, 1884 p. 74. The father is listed as a church official. Accessed via HathiTrust.
  27. ↑ Comprehensive Church Record of the Twenty-fourth Street Methodist Episcopal Church (register), starting Apr 1877. It was reviewed by an archivist, with the New York Conference of the United Methodist Church (White Plains, N.Y.). Department of "Archives and History." The Martins and their two oldest sons (Crowell & George) are listed as members.
  28. ↑ "Elected". Report of the New York City Church Extension and Missionary Society, 1893 p. 5. They joined Calvary upon moving to Edgecombe Ave. in Harlem. Path: hathitrust.org>select "full text">enter the above title (adding quotes)>hit "search">click "Report v. 21-30." It's about the third entry down.
  29. ↑ New York Herald, July 30, 1917 p. 4 (superintendent at both). Accessed via Fultonhistory.com. Enter with quotes: "married Miss Hannah Mor." The family switched churches due to their residential relocation (from Chelsea to Harlem). Calvary moved to the West Bronx in 1923. Its original church (completed in 1887) was designated a historic landmark, 2016.
  30. ↑ The Metropolitan Church and Choir Directory of New York and Brooklyn, 1888 p. 56. Position: "Supt. S. S." "New Testament and the Old". The Sunday School Journal, edited by Henry H. Meyer, Jan 1918 pp. 8–9. He compares their differences. HathiTrust.
  31. 1 2 3 Citizen-Sentinel (Ossining, N.Y.), March 19, 1932 p. 1. Excerpts: "An art enthusiast from his boyhood"; "He studied commercial art at the Academy of Design"; "Mr. Martin gained a national reputation when he designed the automobile tire advertisement, 'Time to Re-tire' "; "He has won several art prizes, including an award last year for drawing the best poster symbolizing the Girl Scout movement." "Member of the Artists' Guild. He was also a member of the County [Tennis] Club of Westchester and of the Scarsdale Badminton Club." Accessed via Fultonhistory.com. Enter with quotes: "48 noted artist."
  32. ↑ Census of 1900. Date taken: June 9. The teen just turned 17. Occupation column: "clerk in office of broker."
  33. ↑ He took the following classes: a. Antique (drawing from plaster casts). b. Illustration (taught by Charles Louis Hinton). c. Life (drawing live models). The dates & details were supplied by the Academy's archive department. American Art Annual 1903-1904, ed. by Levy, pt. 1 p. 288; AAA 1905-1906 p. 304. Hinton was then the only instructor in "Illustration." George W. Maynard was then one of two instructors in "Life."
  34. ↑ The school was located at West 109th St. & Amsterdam Ave. in NYC. He lived at home (on 129th St.) from 1902 to 06. His residency was verified with the school's curator in 2010.
  35. ↑ The New York Times, March 20, 1932 sec. 2 p. 7. Excerpt: "He studied at the National Academy of Design."
  36. 1 2 3 Positions. Advertising & Selling, Jan 24, 1920 p. 12. Excerpts: "It is interesting to note that this drawing was made by Paul Martin, who, while he was with the O. J. Gude Co., designed the famous Wrigley electric sign showing the dancing 'spear-men,' still on display on Broadway in New York." "Mr. Martin was for seven years [the] art manager of the New York Tribune." This write-up gives him credit for the cover. Otherwise, it would have gone solely to Gotham Studios. Its insignia is on the cover. Draft Registration Card, Sep 1918. Employer: Gude at 220 W. 42nd St.
  37. ↑ U.S. Census of 1910. "Manager"; "Art Dept. Daily Paper." Directory of the Oranges (N.J.), Price & Lee Co., 1910 p. 400 (PDF) "Mgr. NY"; 1912 p. 429 (PDF) "Mgr. NY." Advertising as a Vocation by Allen, 1919 pp. 98–99. Job description. Accessed via Internet Archive.
  38. ↑ The Fourth Estate, edited by Ernest Birmingham, Dec 10, 1904 p. 9 (left column, paragraph 3) – via HathiTrust. Courier-News, Oct 2, 1906 p. 7. Horgan's old position: art manager, NY Tribune. New position: art manager, Newark Advertiser. Effective on Oct 1. Newspapers.com.
  39. ↑ U.S. Census of 1910. His household, occupation and residence are listed. New York Herald, Jul 7, 1912 p. 15; Jul 21, 1912 p. 15. He played in interclub tennis tournaments, singles and doubles, as a member of the Maplewood FC (now CC).
  40. ↑ Trow's General Directory of the Boroughs of Manhattan and Bronx, 1907 vol. CXXI p. 1063 (home: 129th St.); 1908 vol. CXXII p. 928 (home: Orange, N.J.). Maplewood was then a section of So. Orange. Listed under "Robt. C."
  41. ↑ Trow's General Directory of the Boroughs of Manhattan and Bronx, 1909 p. 937. Robert Martin's occupation (building materials) and residence (Maplewood) are listed.
  42. ↑ They lived on Ridgewood Terrace. Maplewood Methodist (now Morrow Memorial UMC) was on Ridgewood Rd. Madison (N.J.) Eagle, Aug 20, 1915 p. 1. Its pastor was Wallace B. Fleming, 1904–11. He was head of W.Va. Wesleyan College from 1915 to 22.
  43. 1 2 Spalding's Lawn Tennis Annual, 1910 (for '09) p. 181. He played singles and doubles (teamed with Harry N. Balch) at the Nyack CC. The New York Times, Sep 15, 1909 p. 9; New York Tribune, Sep 15, 1909 p. 8; Spalding's, 1910 (for '09) p. 99. Also in the Morristown FC tourney. NY Tribune, Jun 3, 1910 p. 9 (partners again). Spalding's, 1913 (for '12) p. 64. Balch and Martin formed a tandem in So. Orange, N.J. New York Herald, Jul 7, 1912 p. 15; Jul 21, 1912 p. 15. They were clubmates and doubles partners at the Maplewood FC. These two sources connect everything together. Team vs. team competitions. Fultonhistory.com. Enter with quotes (separately): "Maplewood club wins" & "Glenridge won three." Census of 1910. The two were neighbors who lived a few houses apart. They both attended Maplewood Methodist. A church official confirmed this by email in 2020.
  44. ↑ "Many Players". New York Tribune, May 17, 1910 p. 9; May 20 & 29, 1910 p. 8; Jun 2, 1910 p. 9; Jun 21, 1910 p. 9; Jun 28 & Jul 1, 1910 p. 9; The Sun, May 29, 1911 p. 4; May 31, 1911 p. 9; Aug 12, 1911 p. 7; Aug 14, 1911 p. 9. He participated in many net tourneys from 1910 to 11. The Sun, Jul 4, 1912 p. 9; Aug 7, 1913 p. 9; NY Tribune, May 17, 1914 pt. 2 p. 6. Martin's lean years on the circuit included 1912–14. Cachet ("other information"). Commons. His hectic work schedule left little time for other activities. NY Tribune, Jul 6, 1915 p. 15; Brooklyn Daily Eagle, Aug 16, 1915 sec. 2 p. 4. NY Tribune, Dec 22, 1918 pt. 2 p. 7; Spalding's, 1919 pp. 177, 181. He was nationally ranked for the first time in 1918 (at No. 91). Last line: "Players not ranked in 1917."
  45. ↑ New York Tribune, Sep 1, 1909 p. 5 (1–2R); Sep 15, 1909 p. 8.
  46. ↑ New York Tribune, Aug 31, 1909 p. 4 (1R); Sep 14, 1909 p. 5.
  47. 1 2 "Travers Island". American Lawn Tennis, Aug 15, 1921 p. 317; Spalding's Lawn Tennis Annual, 1910 pp. 98 (defaults), 181; New York Tribune, Aug 14, 1911 p. 8 (doubles partners); July 19, 1921 p. 11; June 12, 1922 p. 11. They both played in these tournaments. FamilySearch. Ralph Arndt Martin (Oct 1870 – Jan 1961) was born in New Jersey. Census of 1910. Wife and uncle-in-law (householder): Alice and Charles Yardley Turner. Their shared home was on 14th St. Search under "C. E. Y. Turner" (misspelled initials). Census of 1920. Ralph and Alice now live in East Orange, N.J.
  48. ↑ Building. Our Second Methodist Postcard Album, with an introduction by Turkowski, 1991 p. 29. Internet Archive.
  49. ↑ Invitation. Their wedding announcement card gave the location and date as New York, Sep 27, 1912. New Jersey, United Methodist Church Records, 1800-1970; New Jersey State Archives, Marriage Records. However, it was changed to Hoboken, N.J., though the date remained unchanged. Certificate signed by Johnston (rector of First M. E.), who added "Hoboken." The bride's name is misspelled as Loretta.
  50. ↑ U.S. Census of 1900. The Willeys lived in Central Harlem (on W. 119th St.) as the century turned. They and the Martins attended the then-named Calvary Methodist Episcopal Church. Lauretta's parents were Mary Immler (1854–1937) and Jacob Willey (1849–1939). The Daily Argus (Mt. Vernon, N.Y.), Aug 2, 1937 p. 2. Mary's obit: "[She] lived in Mt. Vernon [for] 25 years. She was a member of the Chester Hill M. E. Church." The New York Times, July 27, 1939 p. 19. Jacob's obit: "real estate operator and produce dealer."
  51. ↑ It specialized in reprinting old books. Coincidentally, Walter worked for and then took over the company from someone with the same surname. His changing job titles: a. Census of 1910. Publisher's accountant. b. New York State Census, 1915. Office clerk. c. R. L. Polk & Co.'s Trow ..., Jun 1917 p. 2040. Bookkeeper (bkpr). His wife's name is Florence. d. R. L. Polk & Co.'s Trow ..., Nov 1920 p. 1909. Bookseller. It's listed under the company name, with Florence as the owner. e. New York State Census, 1925. Publisher. Censuses of 1910 & 1930. Emma was a lifelong public school teacher. Census of 1910. Charles I. Willey founded the printing house in 1899. He was born in Illinois, 1859. Search under the incorrect middle initial "F."
  52. ↑ Trow's General Directory of the Boroughs of Manhattan and Bronx, 1913 p. 812; R. L. Polk & Co.'s Trow General Directory of New York City ..., Mar 1915 p. 1258. They lived on Loring Pl.
  53. ↑ New York State Census of 1915; U.S. Census of 1920 (renters); Westchester County Property Records for New York, August 15, 1925. They lived on Andrews Ave. from 1915 to 25.
  54. ↑ R. L. Polk & Co.'s Trow General Directory of New York City, Embracing the Boroughs of Manhattan and the Bronx, April 1916 p. 1140. Home: "Andrews Ave." Occupation: "artist." Draft Registration Card, Sep 1918. It was a fourth-floor apartment.
  55. ↑ New Jersey State Archives, Marriage Records, Sep 1912. Occupation: "artist." That helped establish the first year. Cachet. Commons. Paul wrote to Lauretta while working for Gude in 1914. His artistic credits nearly always went to the company.
  56. ↑ Draft Registration Card, Sep 1918. Path: FamilySearch.org>Search>­Records. Employer: "O. J. Gude & Co." That helped establish the final year. Advertising & Selling, Jan 24, 1920 p. 12. Martin has left Gude and now works for Gotham Studios. It gave him credit for the cover.
  57. ↑ Buyout. Printers' Ink, March 13, 1919 pp. 46–47.
  58. ↑ Record and Guide, Mar 1, 1913 p. 478 (near 22nd on B'way / far upper right); May 10, 1913 p. 1022 (220 W. 42nd / far upper right). The company's address changed between March & May.
  59. ↑ Parable. Printers' Ink, Mar 11, 1920 p. 72. He drew the ancient Greek philosopher Empedocles, while working for Gotham Studios. It was rare for an employee to receive credit (top right, under date).
  60. ↑ U.S. Census of 1920. Date taken: Jan 5. He was living in the West Bronx and working in outdoor advertising.
  61. ↑ "Reward Employees". Advertising & Selling, Jan 10, 1920 p. 48 (lower right). Google Books. St. James Building. Commons.
  62. ↑ The NY Times, Sep 4, 1920 p. 17 (5th column, 52nd ad down); Sep 5, 1920 sec. 8 p. 12 (2nd column, 28th ad down). Text: "Space with telephone serv­ice, wanted by artist." Repair. His first freelancing credit.
  63. ↑ R. L. Polk & Co.'s Trow General Directory of New York City ..., Mar 1923 p. 1223 (home & office addresses). Copyrights: Hearings ... on H.R. 11258, 1925 p. 143; American Art Annual, 1922 p. 498; 1926 p. 591 (office address).
  64. ↑ "Guild". Printers' Ink Monthly, Dec 1920 p. 97 (non-member); Jan 1921 p. 97 (new member).
  65. ↑ Office of the Westchester County Clerk. It provided a copy of the deed for their two-story home in Millwood. The NY Times, March 20, 1932 sec. 2 p. 7. "He came to [Greater] Ossining six years ago from New York City."
  66. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Hard Row to Hoe (literary newsletter), V-9 Fall 2005 pp. 2–3 – via Wayback Machine. Heading: "Golden Era of the Illustrators." Written by Joe E. (Edwin) Armstrong, in collaboration with Martin's niece, Adele. This source is cited six times, with each time referring to a different sentence. Excerpt: "[The] Fisk tire advertisement, 'A Time to Retire,' with Adele's brother Walter as a model, was his best known work." The niece recalled once visiting the artist with her brother and sister. As follows: "We climbed the oak stairs to the second floor ... [and] entered a huge, bright room ... This was my uncle's studio." "Although my uncle generally used local models, especially boys, some of our family posed for photographs, which would later miraculously turn into paintings. My grandmother was depicted in a Thanksgiving scene basting a turkey"; "My brother and I sat for The Bookshelf for Boys and Girls while Uncle Paul took our picture, as we sat on the kitchen table of our own house." "My sister modeled for [a] Junior Red Cross poster[]. [S]he posed as well, taking a license number from a boy's homemade car, for hitting her carriage and doll." Grandma: Mary Willey, née Immler (1854–1937). Brother: Walter Jr. Sister: Edna. Adele and Joe were neighbors in Healdsburg, Calif.
  67. ↑ Cottage Tor. Commons. Martin's painting of their home.
  68. ↑ The props included caps, jackets, jerseys, neckties, pajamas, shirts, sports equipment and sweaters. They sometimes appeared in multiple illustrations. Example: The same helmet is pictured in the third and fourth headings. PM's niece Adele, in a typed essay, recalled the darkroom, drawing board, materials and accessories. It was the main source of an article in Hard Row to Hoe, Fall 2005 pp. 2–3. However, these specific details did not make it into print.
  69. ↑ Window. The front of their home is not to scale. Hence, the same is likely true of the north side. Nonetheless, it shows the general layout.
  70. 1 2 The Daily Argus (Mount Vernon, N.Y.), July 11, 1927 p. 1. Heading: "Local Couple Wedded [50] Yrs." It mentions Martin's nephew Walter Jr., and nieces Adele and Edna. All four of them are uniquely tied together. Accessed via Fultonhistory.com. Enter "flowers and gold and yellow decorations." A–W–E (L to R). Studio portrait, 1930. Wayback Machine.
  71. 1 2 Helpers1. Commons. His niece Edna is pictured, second from top right. It's signed on the globe's lower right. Helpers2. Florida Health Notes, State Board of Health, Nov 1930 p. 184.
  72. 1 2 Oven Roasted1. She's preparing the main course. Oven Roasted2. Thanksgiving: An Illustrated History by Thomas, 2011 p. 67. "Anticipation."
  73. ↑ Ossining Remembered, Ossining Historical Society, 1999 p. 99. The New York Times, Mar 20, 1932 sec. 2 p. 7 (attended).
  74. ↑ Spalding's Tennis Annual, 1924 p. 97 (top 20 for '23); Spalding's, 1925 p. 92 (top 20 for '24; P-not-B). He was ranked in the teens from 1923 to 24.
  75. ↑ The NY Times, Nov 13, 1920 p. 12. Metro players were first officially ranked in 1920. Spalding's, 1919 p. 177. Otherwise, he likely would have made the top 30 in 1918. Wright & Ditson Officially Adopted Lawn Tennis Guide, 1921 p. 109 (ranked between 18 & 31).
  76. ↑ The New York Times, Dec 5, 1920 sec. 9 p. 2 (ranked between 18 & 31); Jan 8, 1922 sec. 9 p. 1 (top 30); Jan 14, 1923 sec. 1 pt. 2 p. 1 (top 30); Dec 11, 1923 p. 24 (top 20); Jan 25, 1925 sec. 9 p. 4 (top 20); Brooklyn Daily Eagle, Jan 25, 1925 p. D6 (t-20); Dec 27, 1925 p. C3 (t-25). The Yonkers Statesman and News, Jan 7, 1924 p. 8 (t-20).
  77. ↑ New York Tribune, July 7, 1919 p. 12; Oct 15, 1922 pt. 1 p. 21; The Sun and New York Herald, June 29, 1920 p. 11; The New York Times, July 11, 1920 sec. 1 p. 17; The Scarsdale Inquirer, Oct 25, 1929 p. 3.
  78. ↑ "Woodmere". The Sun, Sep 8, 1919 p. 16. He won the runner-up trophy, or its equivalent. Spalding's Lawn Tennis Annual, 1919 p. 225 – via books.google.com. The prize that year could have been a certificate or medal.
  79. ↑ "Mr. and Mrs. Martin Win". The Sun and NY Herald, Jun 29, 1920 p. 11. His first tournament win (excluding consolation singles). Spalding's Lawn Tennis Annual, 1918 p. 33. This sanctioned "husbands and wives" event began in 1918. Future HOFer Marie Wagner proposed the unique idea.
  80. ↑ "Club Title". The Scarsdale Inquirer, Oct 16, 1931 p. 1 (singles runner-up & doubles title). His last tournament win came at age 48. It was only open to members of the County club. The Scarsdale Inquirer, July 24, 1931 p. 1 (doubles title). However, he also won a sanctioned tournament at Lake George in 1931. Accessed via news.hrvh.org.
  81. ↑ "Martin Tennis Winner" (PDF). The NY Times, July 11, 1920 sec. 1 p. 17. Location: Scarsdale, N.Y.
  82. ↑ "Second Annual Tournament". American Lawn Tennis, June 15, 1921 p. 135. Excerpt: "The first leg on this cup was won in 1920 by Paul Martin."
  83. ↑ American Lawn Tennis, edited by Merrihew, Sep 15, 1924 p. 536 (singles & doubles titles). Brooklyn Daily Eagle, Aug 2, 1925 p. F2. Heading: "Brooklyn Guests." The reigning Lake George champion was on the tournament committee, in charge of social and sporting activities.
  84. ↑ The Kingston Daily Freeman, July 29, 1924 p. 12 (singles & doubles titles). Accessed via Fultonhistory.com. Enter "Ulster County tennis tourney." Panoramic. He's standing seventh from the top left. It was taken during the week of July 14, 1924. Wayback Machine.
  85. ↑ The Sun, June 22, 1910 p. 8. The event's headliner was World No. 1, William Larned.
  86. ↑ Brooklyn Daily Eagle, April 2, 1925 p. 2A (National Indoor Doubles). Their match was played indoors, on the 7th Regt. Armory's drill floor in Manhattan. NY Tribune, Mar 18, 1920 p. 13. Tie-in. Lauretta teamed up with schoolgirl Ceres Baker at the Armory.
  87. ↑ "Hunter Gains Place" (last column). New York Tribune, July 7, 1919 p. 12; July 6, 1920 p. 12.
  88. 1 2 "Tilden Winner" (last paragraph). New Britain Herald, Aug 28, 1924 p. 16. Brooklyn Daily Eagle, Aug 27, 1924 p. 2 (6th column, last paragraph). "[The] Australian Davis Cup captain quickly finished off his opponent, Paul Martin of New York, by taking the fourth and deciding set of their postponed match with­out the loss of a game. The Anzac had dropped a long deuce set to Martin [on] Monday, but he was invincible today." This match took place at the Nationals in Forest Hills. Patterson went on to reach the semifinals.
  89. ↑ "Close Finishes". New York Tribune, May 18, 1918 p. 14. Richards–Fischer vs. Martin–Mersereau: "In the second round, there was a keenly fought struggle." The Sun, Aug 21, 1918 p. 11; New York Tribune, Oct 1, 1917 p. 13; March 17, 1919 p. 17 (Hawthorne's column); May 8, 1919 p. 22. The schoolboy prodigy and seasoned veteran were clubmates at Univ. Hts. The New York Times, Apr 4, 1919 p. 12. Richards simultaneously belonged to the New York TC. NY Times, Apr 20, 1919 sec. 1 p. 21. The Sun, July 6, 1919 sec. 2 p. 3. Martin downed Richards by default. The Sun, Oct 6, 1919 p. 20; NY Times, Oct 19, 1919 sec. 10 p. 6 (2nd column, 4th heading). They were no longer club­mates. NY Tribune, June 24, 1922 p. 11. They met in a fourth-round match.
  90. 1 2 The New York Times, June 28, 1925 sec. 10 p. 6 (Danzig's column). They clashed at the New York Athletic Club's country home, on Travers Island in New Rochelle. "Big Bill" went on to win the doubles title. Also in singles by downing Vincent Richards.
  91. ↑ Bkyn. Daily Eagle, Apr 3, 1924 p. A2 (National Indoors). The 7th Regt. Armory was the host. American Lawn Tennis, Sep 1, 1924 p. 476. Martin topped 19-year-old Van Ryn 6-4, 2-6, 6-4. NY Times, Jun 13, 1925 p. 13.
  92. ↑ "Kynaston is Victor". New York Tribune, Oct 15, 1922 pt. 1 p. 21. Their mixed doubles match was at West Orange, N.J. American Lawn Tennis, 1931 p. 52. The Martins beat Wagner–Calder at Lake George 3-6, 11-9, 2-0 (default). "Starts Well". The New York Times, Jul 10, 1919 p. 17; New York Tribune, Sep 23, 1921 p. 15. Tie-ins. Wagner easily handled Lauretta.
  93. ↑ New York Tribune, Oct 20, 1919 p. 13. This was in a non-sanctioned interclub tourney. It's the lone case, from Fred Alexander to Charles Wood. Heylman–Washburn bested PM–Robinson 6-3, 7-5.
  94. ↑ New York Tribune, June 7, 1910 p. 8. Karl Behr downed Martin by default at Englewood, N.J.
  95. ↑ The New York Times, July 1, 1924 p. 17 (2nd column); Brooklyn Daily Times, July 1, 1924 p. 15. PM lost 5-7, 6-3, 3-6 at Glen Cove.
  96. ↑ New York Tribune, July 6, 1915 p. 15 (4R–West Bronx); Sep 23, 1921 p. 15 (5R–Hoboken, N.J.). The New York Times, June 2, 1923 p. 8. Martin won after trailing 0-6, 0-3. The New York Times, June 12, 1925 p. 17 (5R–Montclair, N.J.); Buffalo Courier, July 10, 1925 p. 10 (4R–Syracuse). Brooklyn Daily Eagle, June 22, 1930 p. C3. They clashed in the semifinals at Travers Island. They were now clubmates.
  97. ↑ "Triumphs". The New York Times, Apr 13, 1925 p. 16 (bottom center edge). Related category. Bowman and Martin came back from near defeat, to win an exhibition doubles match at the Briarcliff Lodge TC. Internet Archive.
  98. ↑ Spalding's Lawn Tennis Annual, 1910 p. 181. Grant–Rosenbaum topped Balch–Martin 6-1, 6-2. Spalding's, 1912 p. 160. Friedman–Grant topped Balch–Martin 7-5, 6-2.
  99. ↑ "Stars Advance" (PDF). The New York Times, Jul 23, 1921 p. 8; Brooklyn Daily Eagle, Jul 1, 1922 p. 7; May 17, 1925 p. D2.
  100. ↑ "Californians' Day". New York Herald, July 24, 1922 p. 12. PM's sideline shots were well timed. They lost their effectiveness with Kinsley's excellent chops and returns.
  101. ↑ New York Tribune, March 28, 1920 pt. 1 p. 21; Oct 15, 1922 pt. 1 p. 21; The New York Times, May 15, 1923 p. 17; June 15, 1923 p. 17 (semifinal match–Montclair, N.J.); Aug 22, 1923 p. 11; Brooklyn Daily Eagle, June 3, 1923 p. D4; Long Island News and the Owl, July 24, 1924 p. 1.
  102. ↑ Brooklyn Daily Eagle, Aug 8, 1926 p. C5; Aug 16, 1926 p. A2. Locale: Westchester Biltmore CC in Rye. The final was between Richards and Tilden.
  103. ↑ The New York Times, Sep 15, 1919 p. 13 (PDF); Sep 8, 1919 p. 10 (7th column). Martin defeated Fred Anderson in the semis. Anderson & Rosen­baum were finalists in the National Indoor Championships at different times.
  104. ↑ New York Tribune, Jun 3, 1910 p. 9; Jun 25, 1920 p. 15 (6R–Kingsbridge, Bronx); Jun 24, 1922 p. 11.
  105. ↑ The New York Times, May 29, 1923 p. 12. Heading: "Martin conquers Wood at Yonkers." The NY Times, Jun 20, 1924 p. 22 (2nd column). Wood played in the National Professional Tennis Championships from 1927 to 36.
  106. 1 2 New York Tribune, Jun 5, 1916 p. 14; "Semi-finals Reached". The Sun, Aug 13, 1916 sec. 2 p. 2; Sep 17, 1917 p. 11; "Heights Team Wins". The Sun and New York Herald, May 28, 1920 p. 10; "Finals Reached" (PDF). The New York Times, Oct 13, 1922 p. 22. Martin belonged to the University Heights TC. It's stated in all of the above. New York Tribune, May 10, 1915 p. 15 (4th column). Clubmate Franklin P. Adams gets a ribbing. The Sun, Jul 30 & Aug 7, 1913 p. 9; NY Tribune, Jul 4, 1915 pt. 2 p. 4; Jul 1, 1917 pt. 2 p. 3 & Jul 2, 1917 p. 11; Jun 30, 1919 p. 12; Jul 6, 1920 p. 12; May 22, 1922 p. 9; The New York Times, Jun 23, 1923 p. 7; May 4, 1924 sec. 10 p. 6. They both played in these tournaments at Univ. Hts. "Diary"; "Trophy Holder". New York Tribune, Jul 2, 1919 pp. 10, 12. Columnist Franklin P. Adams wrote that Mrs. Martin (an event volunteer) served him cake, sandwiches, and tea for refreshments. Franklin and Paul formed a tandem.
  107. ↑ Bridgeport Telegram, July 5, 1924 p. 8. Related category. The Martins topped Adams & Mayme McDonald in New Canaan, Connecticut. Accessed via Newspapers.com.
  108. ↑ "Auto Springs Leak". New York Tribune, Oct 1, 1917 p. 13. Seven-member team: Behr, Clapp, Fischer, Martin, Mersereau, Richards, Whyte [not White]. The Sun, Aug 26, 1917 sec. 2 p. 2 (boy champion).
  109. ↑ "Reach Fourth". New York Tribune, June 3, 1918 p. 13; May 18, 1918 p. 14; March 28, 1920 pt. 1 p. 21; July 14, 1921 p. 11; The Sun, May 14, 1919 p. 16; Brooklyn Daily Eagle, June 15, 1925 p. A2; June 24, 1925 p. A2; Feb 17, 1926 p. A2; May 16, 1926 p. C2; Aug 8, 1926 p. C5; Phil­a­del­ph­ia Inquirer, Aug 13, 1928 p. 13; Syracuse American, Aug 11, 1929 p. 8.
  110. 1 2 Men's singles: New York Tribune, Aug 31, 1920 p. 11; Brooklyn Daily Eagle, Sep 1, 1921 p. 2; The Sun, Aug 20, 1924 p. 26. Tilden won this event from 1920 to 25.
  111. ↑ A full summary is at: 1921 Nationals (section 8, round 2). Martin lost 1-6, 4-6, 2-6. His wife Lauretta, played in the women's division that year.
  112. ↑ Field of 64. Spalding's Tennis Annual, 1925 p. 29 (lowest right).
  113. ↑ American Lawn Tennis, Sep 15, 1924 p. 486 (3rd column). "Upon resuming, Patterson won six games in a row, despite Martin's steady play."
  114. 1 2 "Results". The Evening Star, Sep 14, 1928 p. 52; Spalding's Tennis Annual, 1929 (for '28) p. 51. He lost to Philip B. Hawk in the quarter-finals, 2-6, 6-4, 5-7. Spalding's, 1930 p. 31. Excerpt: "[Jean Adoue] engaged PM of New York in the longest and closest match of the tournament, which required forty-eight games." Spalding's, 1931 p. 27. Wright & Ditson Officially Adopted Lawn Tennis Guide, 1932 p. 13. He lasted until the third or fourth round in all four of them. The age requirement was later lowered.
  115. ↑ The New York Times, Sep 23, 1928 sec. 11 p. 8; The Scarsdale Inquirer, June 29, 1928 p. 8; Oct 18, 1929 p. 22; Aug 15, 1930 p. 1; June 26, 1931 p. 2. It was also called the County TC of Westchester. He joined the club after moving to Millwood in August 1925.
  116. ↑ Brooklyn Daily Eagle, Feb 3, 1924 p. D2; May 11, 1924 pp. D1–2; Dec 14, 1924 pp. D1–2. Compact summary. The USLTA delegates adopted a ruling that tightened one already in place on Feb 2, 1924. It stated that any active player paid for writing about tennis would lose their amateur status, starting Jan 1, 1925. The delegates voted in blocks and easily approved this resolution (47,196 to 6,250). It would have most deeply affected Bill Tilden, followed distantly by Vincent Richards. Strong opposition came from the influential S. Wallis Merrihew, fans and writers. Twelve of the top twenty-five ranked netmen in the NY metro area signed a petition, among others. It rebuked the new rule that redefined amateurism. Walter Merrill Hall (#11 of 25) and Martin (#18 of 25) did not sign on with the pro-Tilden forces. They instead wrote a separate letter, urging its reconsideration. President Wightman appointed a special com­mit­tee to resolve the matter. It consisted of Arthur Hellen, Merrihew, Mersereau & Tilden. But that created an alliance split at 2-2. So these four expanded the jury by carefully selecting three outsiders: Devereux Milburn, George W. Pepper, and Grantland Rice. Their report was accepted by the USLTA's Executive Committee on Dec 13. This greatly revised edition was unanimously approved by the delegates on Jan 7, 1925. The alternative was to resume hostilities. Long Battle Ends. Spalding's, 1925 pp. 7, 9, 124.
  117. ↑ Brooklyn Daily Eagle, May 11, 1924 p. D2 (1st column, two-thirds down). "Favor". Direct link. Hall and Martin co-authored a statement.
  118. ↑ The New York Times, Jun 12, 1923 p. 17. Heading: "Women to Meet." American Lawn Tennis, Jul 15, 1924 p. 249 (third line under picture). Lake George Mirror, Aug 16, 1924 p. 9; Jul 18, 1925 p. 3. The New York Times, Jun 7, 1925 sec. 10 p. 8 (4th column); New York Evening Post, Jun 9, 1925 p. 16. Martin's duties for the tournament included accepting entries and acting as the referee. His wife also served on its committee. New York Evening Post, Jun 19, 1925 p. 14. Former national indoor champion Helene Pollak Falk, nearly collapsed during a semi-final match. Referee Paul assisted her off the court. Fultonhistory.com. Enter with quotes: "women's finals reached." The NY Times, Jun 19, 1925 p. 15 (2nd column). The Post-Star, Jul 21, 1925 p. 11 – via NYSHistoric­Newspapers.org. American L.T., 1930 p. 166.
  119. ↑ "Younger Tennis Players". The Scarsdale Inquirer, Aug 20, 1926 pp. 1, 10; Aug 15, 1925 p. 9. The New York Times, Aug 30, 1926 p. 12. Sidney Wood won the junior title at age 14.
  120. ↑ The New York Times, May 24, 1926 p. 17 (lower left corner). The Herald Statesman, Jun 15, 1934 p. 18. Heading: "South Yonkers Just Hangs On."
  121. ↑ The WCTL hosted the event every year from 1932 to 2019 (excluding 1942–45). The trophy (pictured) was not etched with names for those four years. It was cancelled due to a lack of applicants during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. These details were verified through several emails with a league rep between 2012 & 2021. "Season Opens". North Westchester Times–New Castle Tribune, Apr 19, 1962 p. 21; The Herald Statesman, July 8, 1968 p. 28; May 20, 1995 p. D8. The winners of three or more singles titles are John Mangan, Melvin Partridge, Dick Squires and Bill Tully.
  122. ↑ "Memorial Tourney". The Scarsdale Inquirer, Aug 19, 1932 p. 1 – via news.hrvh.org. Hrvh = Hudson River Valley Heritage.
  123. ↑ The Herald Statesman (Yonkers, N.Y.), June 28, 1935 p. 19. Accessed via Fultonhistory.com. Enter "feature county net." The Paul Martin Memorial included singles (up to 2019) and doubles (up to 1981).
  124. ↑ "Annual County Net Tourney". The Herald Statesman, Jun 21, 1932 p. 14. Team managers decided to honor Martin. The Scarsdale Inquirer, Jun 22, 1934 pp. 1, 4; Jun 29, 1934 p. 14; Jul 10, 1936 p. 1. Fenimore Cady of the Mount Pleasant Tennis Club was the main organizer. Census of 1930. Cady's home address.
  125. ↑ It was a trophy (pictured) that Martin won for finishing second, in Essex County's third annual singles championship. "Finals Reached". The New York Times, Oct 13, 1922 p. 22.
  126. 1 2 The Herald Statesman, Jun 29, 1934 p. 22. Fultonhistory.com. Enter "league sets draw." The Scarsdale Inquirer, July 6, 1934 pp. 1, 4 (engraved, donated).
  127. ↑ The Scarsdale Inquirer, Aug 26, 1932 p. 1 (near end); Sep 9, 1932 p. 1; Oct 7, 1932 p. 14. Re: annual County TC tournament (for members only). The winners in singles had their names engraved on another memorial cup starting in 1932. It was a trophy that Martin won for finishing second at Harlem in 1923. Scarsdale Inquirer, Sep 22, 1933 p. 11. It was mentioned in print for the last known time. Only two editions. The larger-scale event would take over.
  128. ↑ American Lawn Tennis, April 20, 1932 pp. 3, 64. Excerpts: "Paul Martin, well known in New York tennis circles and a [former] member of the University Heights Tennis Club, died suddenly"; "For some time, Martin had been troubled with pains in the stomach." His death was noted in the table of contents. Printers' Ink, March 24, 1932 vol. 158:12 p. 80. Excerpt: "artist of the current H-O posters." Internet Archive.
  129. ↑ The New York Times, March 20, 1932 sec. 2 p. 7. Excerpts: "an artist specializing in advertising"; "studied at the National Academy of Design." "Funeral services will be held Tuesday in the Highland Methodist Church."
  130. ↑ Citizen-Sentinel (Ossining, N.Y.), Mar 19, 1932 p. 1. Excerpt: "Funeral services will be Tuesday night at 7 o'clock, at the Highland Avenue M. E. Church." His surviving siblings were Frances "Fanny," George, Ralph, and Robert. Fultonhistory.com. Enter "originator of time to re-tire." Citz.-Sen., Mar 23, 1932 p. 2. "A group of his most intimate friends and relatives attended."
  131. ↑ Lifespan: July 7, 1880, New York City, N.Y. – Aug 14, 1972, Mount Vernon, N.Y. Social Security Death Index (SSDI). Scroll down to MyTrees.com. This site verified the birthdate. Mount Vernon Argus, Aug 15, 1972 p. 18. Obit. She outlived her two siblings. Newspapers.com.
  132. 1 2 "First Round Schedule" (2 p.m.). New York Tribune, Aug 14, 1921 pt. 1 p. 19. She competed in the Nationals (US Open) at Forest Hills in 1921. The final was between Mary Browne and Molla Mallory. This tournament featured the much-publicized American debut of Suzanne Lenglen. Both Martins played singles at the 1921 Nationals. It's a trivial and rare occurrence for a married couple (in the same year). Others: Clarence Hobart–Augusta Schultz (1905), Nathaniel Niles–Martha Pitkin (1920–21), Marjorie Gladman–John Van Ryn (1931–37), Nell Hall–Harry Hopman (1938), Frank Kovacs–V. Wolfenden (1941), Edwin Cooke–Sarah Palfrey (1945), Lew Hoad–Jenny Staley (1956), Karen Hantze–Rodney Susman (1964), Carole Caldwell–Clark Graebner (1964–65), Bill Bowrey–Lesley Turner (1969), Peter Curtis–Mary-Ann Eisel (1969–70), Chris Evert–John Lloyd (1979, 81, 83–85), Björn Borg–Mariana Simionescu (1980), Gaël Monfils–Elina Svitolina (2021, 23).
  133. ↑ "Mr. and Mrs. Martin Win". The Sun and New York Herald, Jun 29, 1920 p. 11. Subheading: "Earn Husband and Wife Metropolitan Tennis Championship."
  134. ↑ "Finals Reached" (PDF). The New York Times, Oct 13, 1922 p. 22 (last paragraph); "Marjorie Morrill Wins". Hartford Courant, July 3, 1927 p. B3 (near end). "Castle Point". Am. Lawn Tennis, Oct 15, 1920 p. 481; NY Tribune, Sep 25, 1920 p. 11. They lasted until the quarter-finals (3R) at Hoboken.
  135. ↑ "County Club is Victorious". The Scarsdale Inquirer, Oct 25, 1929 p. 3. Their mixed doubles win was credited to the team. "County Tennis Club". The Scarsdale Inquirer, July 17, 1931 p. 1. Their victory was in a club tournament.
  136. ↑ Serigraph (silkscreen print). It has been exhibited at various locations (unless in storage) since 1965. This was verified with the museum's curator via email in 2016. Its files included a letter by Sec-Treas Henry Heffernan (re: main room). The letter was dated December 3, 1965.
  137. ↑ Dimensions: height 3.75", width 3.25" (w/o handle). The Hall of Fame's logo is on the image's opposite side.
  138. ↑ "Paul Martin Tennis Tourney". The Scarsdale Inquirer, Jun 22, 1934 p. 1 (traits). News.hrvh.org. The Standard-Star, Jun 21, 1934 p. 21. Similar article.
  139. ↑ Bronxville Press, Aug 16, 1932 p. 4. "The Village Vagabond." News.hrvh.org.
  140. ↑ That category mixed entertainment, pictures, politics, serials, short stories, and sports.
  141. ↑ Images of Family Life in Magazine Advertising, 1920-1978 by Brown, 1981 pp. 15, 91-(mainstream). Internet Archive.
  142. 1 2 A Cavalcade of Collier's, ed. by McArdle, 1959 pp. xii–xiii.
  143. ↑ Scribner's Magazine, May 1939 pp. 20–21. Its circulation soared under Chenery. He was given full control from the beginning. A History of American Magazines by Frank Luther Mott, 1957 pp. 469–473. Internet Archive.
  144. 1 2 Scribner's Magazine, July 1922 p. 126 (niche).
  145. ↑ These eighteen described activities, of sorts, each appeared on a Collier's cover between Feb 2, 1924 & Aug 27, 1927. Their exact dates are collectively listed in this article, under the heading "Magazine cover illustrator."
  146. 1 2 Collier's (Jun-24). Path: www.loc.gov>Photos, Prints, Drawings. Enter "correct position for the fingers." Beginning flutist. He's wearing a sailor suit and red bow.
  147. 1 2 Collier's (Aug-27). An apprehensive dog and joyful boy are going down a water slide. Commons.
  148. 1 2 Collier's (Sep-25). A student's mind wanders, in an English grammar class. Accessed via HathiTrust.
  149. 1 2 3 Collier's (Jun-25). Self-portrait. Martin's wearing a derby hat and red carnations. The mustache was added on. The cover story is on horse betting.
  150. ↑ Collier's tended to prefer cover art that conveyed plain and simple thoughts. That's especially true when compared to its main rival, The Post.
  151. ↑ Presto Chango. Commons. An idea for a cover is sent to Collier's.
  152. 1 2 Photo Session1. A model poses for a painting (along with the finished product). It appeared in the Saturday Evening Post of Nov 22, 1930 on p. 37. Artist signed. The boy, two girls, and fridge were photographed separately.
  153. 1 2 Photo Session2. A model poses for a painting (along with the finished product). It appeared on the Foreign Service cover of May 1932. Artist signed. The boy is holding a matchbox on a paintbrush stick, in lieu of a flower.
  154. ↑ Locales: Manhattan studio, 1920–25; Millwood home, 1925–32. More details are under the heading "Life and tennis" in paragraphs 2–3.
  155. ↑ Wrigley's Gem. Printers' Ink Monthly, Oct 1920 pp. 25 (photo), 26 (B'way, feet). It was located atop the old Putnam Bldg. That site is now occupied by the Paramount Bldg. Electrical World, Oct 6, 1917 p. 683; Printers' Ink, Oct 18, 1917 p. 25; Electrical Experimenter, Jan 1918 p. 597; Dec 1918 p. 526. The lettering was changed for one month, to help sell Liberty bonds.
  156. ↑ Advertising & Selling, June 1917 p. 33. Testimonials. Songwriter George M. Cohan: "One of the best musical numbers I have ever seen." New York Tribune, Apr 28, 1920 p. 8. Excerpt: "Fountains play, the trade mark changes." This ad appeared in hundreds of newspapers from Dec 1919 to May 1920. Wrigley's amusing sign was directed toward the masses. Its energetic sprites with pointed heads, promoted the health benefits of chewing gum.
  157. ↑ Simulated Movements. New York Public Library Digital Collections. It's titled "Times Square North." The entire rooftop sign was not captured. Three more sprightly "spearmen" are on the left side. They are doing warm-ups.
  158. ↑ Flasher. Illustrated World, Mar 1920 pp. 689–91. This write-up explains how flickering light bulbs give the illusion of movement. The anthropomorphic gymnasts, bubbling fountains, and fluttering peacocks are framed within a vine-like floral design.
  159. ↑ Times Square Spectacular by Tell, 2007 pp. 75, 79. The electric sign is above another for The Ten Commandments, 1924. One Times Square by McKendry, 2012 p. 17. This is a watercolor depiction of the captivating, attention-grabbing, triangular-headed, electric performers.
  160. ↑ Motion. Outdoor Advertising (book) by Lippincott, 1923 pp. 85–86. It's called beautiful, fascinating and impressionable.
  161. ↑ New York Tribune, Nov 10, 1917 p. 1; The Evening Star (Washington, D.C.), July 17, 1923 p. 6. Variety, Feb 7, 1924 p. 18. Heading: "Chew Over Chew." It operated from 1917 to 24. This dispute remained unresolved, which ended the long run earlier than anticipated.
  162. ↑ "Invested". Printers' Ink, Aug 10, 1922 pp. 17–20. Travelers. Famous Leaders of Industry, Second Series by Wildman, 6th ed., 1934 pp. 337–38.
  163. ↑ Serving1. Path: Library and Archives Canada>Search the Collections>­Collection Search. Enter "Serve Your Country, Benefit of War Camp." It's a lithograph on wove paper. Size: 11" x 17". Serving2. Commons. It's a card version. Many artists lent their talents to the war effort. He registered for the draft, when the age limits changed from 21–30 to 18–45 in Sep 1918.
  164. ↑ Morale-boosting. What New York Did for Fighting Men: Through New York War Camp Community Service in the World-War of 1917-1919, 1919 pp. 3–4.
  165. ↑ "They're Off". Brooklyn Daily Eagle, Dec 11, 1921 p. D23; Dec 20, 1921 p. B5; Dec 7, 1924 sec. resorts p. 41. New York Herald, Dec 17, 1922 sec. 6 p. 6. The New York Times, Feb 4, 1923 p. R12. "Coasting". Brooklyn Daily Eagle, Dec 17, 1922 p. H40; Dec 16, 1923 p. R33. NY Herald, Dec 18, 1921 sec. 3 p. 15; New York Tribune, Jan 22, 1922 pt. 3 p. 6; Dec 3, 1922 pt. 4 p. 5. The New York Times, Dec 9, 1923 p. R7; Jan 25, 1925 p. R14; Dec 6, 1925 p. R19. "Exciting Sport". NY Tribune, Dec 18, 1921 pt. 3 p. 5; Jan 29, 1922 pt. 3 p. 6. New York Herald, Jan 29, 1922 sec. 3 p. 3. "Snowshoe Trail". New York Tribune, Jan 29, 1922 pt. 3 p. 6. New York Herald, Jan 15, 1922 sec. 3 p. 11. "Let's Go". NY Herald, Dec 10, 1922 sec. 6 p. 6. Brooklyn Daily Eagle, Jan 8 & 15, 1922 p. F12; Jan 29, 1922 pt. 3 p. 6. NY Tribune, Jan 8, 1922 pt. 3 p. 3. Print debuts: 1921–22. These are all signed by the artist. "Exciting Sport" is signed in the image's lower left corner.
  166. ↑ The Daily Argus, Dec 3, 1921, gravure section. He signed a contract earlier that year, to design cards for William Edwin Rudge. Its publishing house was relocated to Mount Vernon, N.Y., 1921. Fultonhistory.com. Enter with quotes: "reprinting names below." "Bide-A-Wee". It's a rare or unique example.
  167. ↑ Mags, 1927: "I Know Beans" (trademarked phrase). Ladies' Home Journal, May p. 71; The Farm Journal, May p. 57; Good Housekeeping, May p. 143; MacLean's, May 15 p. 47; McCall's, May p. 57; National Geographic, Apr p. 188; Successful Farming, Apr p. 115; Woman's Home Companion, May p. 68.
  168. ↑ Volunteers1. Newport (R.I.) Mercury and Weekly News, Sep 6, 1929 p. 5. "Beautiful and Inspiring." Volunteers2. Penna. School Journal, Oct 1929 p. 102; Volunteers3. American Junior Red Cross News, Apr 1930 p. 183. Wall display. Internet Archive.
  169. ↑ Advertising Age, Sep 26, 1931 p. 11 (top right). The national advertising campaign started in Sep 1931.
  170. ↑ It's titled, "I don't care, I'm strong." He's wearing a leather helmet while playing football. She's applying a bandage and telling him to be more careful. The girl in real life was the boy's aunt Helen (an older teenager). They went to this photo session together, from their home to the Martins. She walked back and forth, while her young nephew rode a two-wheeled scooter. He walked or pedaled alone to every other session. Documents. These letters back up the debut year. Wayback Machine.
  171. ↑ Weight Gain. A boy stands on a weighing scale. He says to his real-life aunt, "You can't call me Skinny now!" Artist signed. They also posed during this same photo shoot, for the football painting: "I don't care, I'm strong." Thumb Pointing1. Advertising Outdoors, Nov 1931 p. 35. "Overflowing pep and energy is expressed." Signature erased. Advertising Outdoors, Dec 1931 pp. 39–40. An artist at McCandlish Lithograph hand-copied the original onto 44" x 60" sheets. This was done either photographically or through a projector. These sheets were then transferred to zinc plates. They were further developed and colorized. A near-exact replica went into production.
  172. 1 2 Thumb Pointing2. Outdoor, Street-Car, and Radio Advertising, 1936 pp. 14a, 15, 17. Size: 25' x 12'. It's a perspective from street level.
  173. ↑ Early Riser. Commons. A gleeful boy leaps out of bed while saying, "Coming mother...I'm hungry." Original punctuation.
  174. ↑ The display periods were brief, because company salesmen continually pushed for their products to be highlighted. This approach existed in the era before food brokers and paid contracts. Many store owners would not allow ads to hang from overhead wires. This was due to their cluttered appearance.
  175. ↑ Thirst Quencher. The Saturday Evening Post, Jul 26, 1930 p. 43.
  176. ↑ Mags, 1930: American Home, Aug p. 507; The American Magazine, Aug p. 124; Arts & Decoration, Aug p. 17; Collier's, Aug 16 p. 27; Cosmopolitan, Sep p. 151; Country Life (Garden City, N.Y.), Aug p. 75; House Beautiful, Aug p. 100a; Ladies' Home Journal, Aug p. 70; McCall's, Aug p. 78; Post, Jul 26 p. 43; Silent Hostess, vol. 2 no. 5, inside cover; Time, Aug 11 p. 2. New York dailies, 1930: Auburn Citizen, Jul 31 p. 8; Buffalo Courier-Express, Oct 1 p. 9; Otsego Farmer and Republican (Cooperstown), Jul 11 p. 4; Rochester Times-Union, Jul 15 p. 12; St. Lawrence (County) Plaindealer, Jul 15 p. 2. Also, Never Done by Strasser, 1982 p. 266.
  177. ↑ Printers' Ink, Sep 18, 1930 pp. 130, 132. "What Constitutes a 'Story Illustration'?" by Larned. Illustration in Advertising by Larned, 1925 p. 64.
  178. ↑ Playtime1. Saturday Evening Post, Oct 25, 1930 p. 34. Internet Archive. Playtime2. Commons.
  179. ↑ Mags: Silent Hostess, 1930 vol. 2 no. 7, inside cover; Saturday Evening Post, Nov 22, 1930 p. 37. Book: Advertising the American Dream by Marchand, 1985 p. 271. Newspapers, 1930: Alexandria Times-Tribune, Nov 20 p. 6; Canyon News (Tex.), Nov 13 p. 16; Coshocton Tribune (Ohio), Nov 20 p. 9; Evening Journal (Del.), Nov 26 p. 4; Evening Sun (Hanover, Pa.), Nov 30 p. 3; Indiana Evening Gazette, Nov 20 p. 13; Jamestown Evening News (N.Y.), Nov 13 p. 15; Los Angeles Times, Nov 18 p. 4; Morning Herald (Uniontown, Pa.), Nov 20 p. 16; Patriot and Free Press, Nov 20 p. 9; Pomona Progress Bulletin, Nov 18 sec. 2 p. 4; Republican Watchman, Nov 14 p. 3; Silver Creek News, Nov 20 p. 6; Van Wert Times Bulletin, Nov 20 p. 8; Wilmington News-Journal, Nov 27 p. 2. Three kids are playing grown-ups.
  180. ↑ The Pelham Sun, March 13, 1931 p. 7. Fultonhistory.com. Enter with quotes: "prize winning Girl Scout poster."
  181. 1 2 Girl Scout Equipment (catalog), 1931F p. 25; 1932S p. 29; 1932F p. 32; 1933S p. 34; 1933F p. 28; 1934S p. 31; 1934F p. 31; 1935S p. 38; 1935F p. 38; 1936S p. 33; 1936F p. 33. Excerpts from 1931F: "The prize winning poster in the contest held early in 1931. Painted by Paul Martin"; "A very attractive publicity item [for window display]." Excerpt from 1933F: "The 'Usefulness' Poster because of its cheerfulness and lovely coloring, is one of the most popular." It's pictured in all eleven of these semiannual catalogs. Sizes: 17" x 22" & 7" x 9.25". Internet Archive.
  182. ↑ Projects. American Art Annual by the American Federation of Arts, 1928 vol. 24 p. 182. It often held competitions, demonstrations and exhibitions. Martin's name is listed on p. 654. HathiTrust.
  183. ↑ "Competition". The Art News, Feb 21, 1931 p. 17; New York Evening Post, Feb 21, 1931 p. D5 (200–300).
  184. 1 2 "Poster Campaign". Plattsburgh Daily Press, Jan 21, 1931 p. 7. Gibson was on the original (not final) jury.
  185. 1 2 3 4 "Contest". The Pelham Sun, Feb 27, 1931 p. 9 – via News.hrvh.org.
  186. ↑ The Yonkers Statesman, Nov 6, 1931 p. 20 – Fultonhistory.com. Enter "Yonkers resident model." Citizen-Sentinel, Nov 9, 1931 p. 9.
  187. ↑ The Yonkers Statesman, Jun 1, 1929 p. 6 (best man). Heading: "Twenty-Five Years Ago." Fultonhistory.com. Enter "Smith of Woodlawn Heights." It was held at the bride's family home on Riverside Ave. (then more commonly known as Dr.) in Manhattan, NYC. TYS, Jun 2, 1904 p. 5. Excerpt: "Souvenirs received by the maid of honor and best man were gold initial rings." Newspapers.com.
  188. ↑ Citizen-Sentinel, Feb 19, 1931 p. 8. Fultonhistory.com. Enter with quotes: "award by Miss Josephine." Dobbs Ferry Register, Mar 13, 1931 p. 11 (pic­tured). The Evening Huronite (Daily Plainsman), Mar 14, 1931 p. 7. Martin–Schain. The first source shows an unobstructed, full-length pose, taken at a slightly different angle.
  189. ↑ NY Herald Tribune, Feb 22, 1931 sec. 9 p. 8. Caption: "Scout Poster Artists."
  190. ↑ Girl Scout Collector's Guide by Degenhardt & Kirsch, 2005 p. 266e. Color picture. An imprinted message is at the bottom. Internet Archive.
  191. ↑ New York Herald Tribune, Oct 18, 1931 sec. 2 p. 13. The original was in a display window at Wanamaker's for one week.
  192. ↑ The Sign. The change request was initiated in a letter (last paragraph).
  193. ↑ Newspapers, 1931: Wisconsin State Journal, Feb 24, p. 6; The Evening Huronite (Daily Plainsman), Feb 25, p. 4; Captial Times (Wisc.), Feb 26, p. 9; Citizen-Sentinel, Feb 17, p. 6; Jamestown Evening Journal, Feb 26, p. 15; Lockport Union-Sun & Journal, Feb 21, p. 4. The last three were accessed via Fultonhistory.com. Enter "wholesome young girlhood." Citz.-Sen. omitted the words "happy and."
  194. ↑ Title Leaves for 1932 Line (salesman's booklet). This image first showed up on its calendars, ink blotters (3.5" x 6" with pink backs), and prints in 1931. Suitcase Layout. Joliet's Gerlach Barklow Calendar Company by the Smiths, 2009 p. 26. Google Books.
  195. ↑ Title Leaves for 1933 Line (salesman's booklet). This image first appeared on the cover of Parents magazine in Oct 1930. Parents then sold the rights to Gerlach Barklow. Puzzled. An in-house artist changed the lettering and added a title. Commons.
  196. ↑ Martin's name or signature is on every artwork mentioned in this article. However, there are others unsigned by him, which would be difficult or impossible to prove as credits. Example: Collier's, March 22, 1930 p. 56. A young neighbor, William Everett Orser (1919–2016), posed for him as the Dutch Boy. That's according to Lauretta Martin & Don Reynolds [ref. 303]. But it can't be proven since the signature was removed. His paintings for large outdoor displays were unsalvageable. Their scaled-down counterparts in grocery markets were typically discarded. Hence, even pictures of them likely do not exist, unless featured in a trade magazine (e.g., Advertising Outdoors).
  197. ↑ Advertising & Selling, Jan 24, 1920. Pencil sketch. It captures an executive with Deere & Company (credit on p. 12). HathiTrust. Magazine's lifespan: 1909–24. Printers' Ink, May 12, 1909 p. 39. It was formed through a merger.
  198. ↑ Repair. Good Hardware, Oct 1920 (clock fixer). Publisher: Strevell-Paterson Hardware Co. of Salt Lake City.
  199. ↑ Merchants. Progressive Grocer, Sep 1922 vol. 1 no. 9 (phone order); Nov 1922 vol. 1 no. 11 (weighing a turkey). The covers are visible by scrolling down to the end, and then going up about a dozen pages.
  200. ↑ Silent Hostess by General Electric, 1930 vol. 2 no. 4 (biting an apple); 1931 vol. 3 no. 4 (flexing muscles); 1931 vol. 3 no. 7 (blowing up a football). This short-lived magazine promoted the innovative "Monitor Top" refrigerator, 1930–32. It included feature stories, recipes, and tips.
  201. ↑ The two predecessors were Advertising & Selling, Jan 24, 1920, and Good Hardware, Oct 1920. Progressive Grocer (1922–present). It has been assisting in­de­pend­ent operators for over one hundred years. It's known for analytics.
  202. ↑ The Daily Bulletin (Endicott, N.Y.), Oct 12, 1956 p. 5. Heading: "Reynolds Named Magazine Editor." The appt. took effect on Nov 1. NYSHistoric­Newspapers.org. "Non-foods". Journal of Marketing, Jul 1959 p. 92. Bylines. Internet Archive.
  203. 1 2 "Parade". Altoona (Pa.) Tribune, May 21, 1932 p. 5; Brownsville (Tex.) Herald, May 11, 1932 p. 8; May 17, 1933 p. 2; Hartford Courant, May 22, 1932 p. A8 (street view); New Castle News, May 16, 1932 p. 10; Redlands Daily Facts, May 19, 1933 p. 8; The Tennessean, May 28, 1932 p. 7; Medford (Ore.) Mail Tribune, May 21, 1933 p. 4; San Bernardino Daily Sun, May 22, 1933 p. 3; Bakersfield Californian, May 23, 1933 p. 7; The Albuquerque Tribune, May 26, 1933 p. 15. These are examples of its appearance in print just prior to Memorial Day (or Armistice Day, Nov. 11).
  204. ↑ "Harding". VFW: Our First Century by Mason, 1999 p. 58. Internet Archive.
  205. ↑ For clarity, the original was bought but not used by Parents in March 1930. This is based on notes by Mrs. Martin. Also, the model only posed for him from 1930 to 31 [ref. 303]. Parents sold the rights to American Lithographic, which sold them to Foreign Service. This artwork was made into a poster, and then appeared on a magazine cover, both in April 1932.
  206. ↑ The Eaton Rapids (Mich.) Journal, Apr 22, 1932 p. 6 (poster). Print debut. Accessed via Fultonhistory.com. Enter with quotes: "last artistic achievement." Detroit Free Press, Apr 26, 1932 p. 22. This is another early appearance. Ownership. He assisted by making some adjustments.
  207. ↑ Foreign Service, May 1932 pp. 10, 26 (editorial quote). It was also the official poster for 1933.
  208. ↑ Emblem1. Boys' Life, May 1932 p. 52; Emblem2. May 1933 p. 30; May 1934 p. 44. Black-and-white version. Artist signed. Disabled and needy veterans assembled the flower pins, which were sold publicly. The money raised went to help veterans and their dependents.
  209. ↑ "Good Tires". The Bicycling World and Motorcycle Review, Oct 10, 1901 p. 26; Sep 5, 1901 p. 454; Feb 21, 1901 p. 584.
  210. ↑ Automobile Topics (trade magazine), Sep 24, 1921 p. 443. That total set a monthly output record for 1921. U.S. Tire Industry by French, 1991 pp. 45, 47. The industry leaders were (sequentially) Goodyear, Firestone, Goodrich, U.S. Rubber, and Fisk in the 1920s.
  211. 1 2 The Rubber Age, Jan 25, 1928 pp. 419, 424. Competition from Montgomery Ward and Sears (high-volume sellers) set off a price war. The Rubber Age, Jan 10, 1931 pp. 350–52; Dec 10, 1931 p. 211. The company posted three straight years of losses and entered receivership in Jan 1931. Internet Archive.
  212. ↑ The NY Sun, Jan 19, 1940 p. 31. Heading: "Transfer Fisk Assets to U.S."
  213. ↑ History of the United States Rubber Company by Babcock, 1966 pp. xv (unifying), 97 (brand), 410–11 (worldwide). The stockholders voted for the name change on Apr 19, 1966. Accessed via Internet Archive.
  214. ↑ Akron Beacon Journal, Sep 23, 1989 p. A1; May 3, 1990 p. B3. Deal struck: Sep 1989. Deal finalized: May 1990.
  215. ↑ News and Observer, Mar 4, 1965 p. 23; Gazette Telegraph (Colo.), Jun 27, 1965 p. E4; The Tennessean, Sep 15, 1966 p. 69; Nevada State Journal, Dec 8, 1966 p. 25; Poughkeepsie Journal, Aug 30, 1977 p. 17; Beckley (W.Va.) Post-Herald, Nov 17, 1977 p. 21; Charlotte News, March 1, 1978 p. C2.
  216. ↑ Tire Business (trade mag), July 6, 1998 (starting in 1996); Dec 19, 2013 (still in production). Accessed via tirebusiness.com.
  217. ↑ America A to Z by Reader's Digest, 1997 pp. 364–65 – via Internet Archive. It was selected as one of eleven iconic trademarks.
  218. ↑ Logo, Font & Lettering Bible by Cabarga, 2004 p. 16. Internet Archive.
  219. 1 2 The Houma Courier, Jun 11, 1910 p. unmarked; San Francisco Call, Dec 1, 1910 p. 7; Apr 30, 1911 p. 44; The Oregon Journal, Dec 4, 1910 sec. 4 p. 12; The Spokesman-Review, Dec 11, 1910 p. D9; Town Talk (SF mag), Dec 24, 1910 p. 50; Wallaces' Farmer, Apr 7, 1911 p. 8; Oakland Tribune, May 7, 1911 p. 37; Life, Aug 17, 1911 p. 276; Apr 4, 1912 p. 679; Daily Missoulian, Mar 25, 1912 p. 7; Apr 8, 1912 p. 2; Times-Dispatch, Apr 14, 1912 p. last; Country Life in America, Apr 15, 1912 p. 86; Collier's, Apr 20, 1912 p. 30; Motor, Apr 1912 p. 26; Suburban Life, Apr 1912 p. 290. These are examples of the advertising character in print between Jun 1910 and Apr 1912. It also showed up on picture postcards [links 2, 4] in 1910.
  220. 1 2 Early History1. Printers' Ink, Dec 26, 1912 p. 78. "Development of 'Fisk Boy' as Trade Figure." The sleepy-eyed character was created in 1910. It would soon appear on penny postcards. They were typically mailed and post­marked between late 1910 and 1912. They are now on the collector's market.
  221. 1 2 Early History2. The Poster, Nov 1913 p. 55. Heading: "Why the Fisk Rubber Company Uses Posters." Advertising manager M. G. (Mabel Garetta) Webber: "He appeared first in 1910." HathiTrust. Early History3. Judicious Advertising, Jan 1913 p. 71. Google Books.
  222. ↑ Saturday Evening Post, Jan 12, 1929 p. 78. Print debut. Management decided on the facial alteration in 1928.
  223. ↑ Saturday Evening Post, Feb 8, 1930 p. 106. Distribution began about seven days before the cover date. Electric Railway Journal, Feb 1930 p. 83. Miniature version. Print debuts. Internet Archive. Claim. Official Gazette, Jul 1930 vol. 396 p. 730.
  224. 1 2 Editor & Publisher, March 29, 1947 p. 36. Martin's contributions to "Master PJs" are indirectly mentioned. Excerpt: "At one time, they put him in a modern suit of pajamas [and] made him a little older." Internet Archive.
  225. ↑ Chattanooga Times, May 4, 1930 p. 48. Nashville Banner, May 11, 1930 sec. 3 p. 2; Hartford Courant, Jun 8, 1930 p. C7; Pittsburgh Press, Jun 15, 1930 sec. autos p. 2; Modesto News-Herald, Jun 14, 1930 p. 13. The latter gave as its source James Mortensen of Mortensen Tire Service.
  226. 1 2 Printers' Ink, Mar 27, 1930 pp. 10, 12-(quote). Heading: "Don't Be Afraid to Improve Your Trade-Mark; Even the Long-Famous Time to Re-tire Boy Has Been Modernized." The boy's three stages are pictured and reviewed. This is a rare primary source on the third and final stage. It erroneously states the year in which the original boy was created. Draft Registration Card, 1918. Another correction. Giffen (born Mar 3, 1886) was then 24. Printers' Ink, Dec 26, 1912 p. 78; The Poster, Nov 1913 p. 55 (two early sources). They correctly state that the advertising icon was brought to life in 1910.
  227. ↑ Shreveport Journal, May 1, 1930 p. 3 (quote). Newspapers.com.
  228. ↑ Saturday Evening Post, Feb 8 p. 106; March 8 p. 76; April 5 p. 107; May 3 p. 69; May 10 p. 128; May 24 p. 61; May 31 p. 99; June 7 p. 67; June 21 p. 89; June 28 p. 87; July 5 p. 69; July 26 p. 91; Aug 23 p. 38. All thirteen issues are from 1930. Internet Archive.
  229. ↑ Artistic credit for the trade character is given in three of these thirteen issues. Namely: Mar 8 p. 76 (plain BG); Jul 26 p. 91 (purple BG); Aug 23 p. 38 (blue BG; pictured).
  230. ↑ Saturday Evening Post, Mar 8, 1930 p. 77. Excerpt: "suitable for framing." 11-by-14-inch. Internet Archive.
  231. ↑ His credits include all images of the boy wearing two-piece pajamas. This was the company's logo from 1930 to 34.
  232. ↑ Books. Commons. Softcovers. Size: 5.75" x 7.25".
  233. ↑ Ashtray. Commons. Diameter 6.75". Height 1.25".
  234. ↑ Score Pad. Commons. The cover showed a portrait of George Washington by Gilbert Stuart. Size: 4" x 6.5".
  235. ↑ They came with internal elastic straps (bands).
  236. ↑ Clock. Commons. They were circular in shape, with a rubber tire around the rim. Manufacturer: Telechron. Diameter 5.5".
  237. ↑ Design No. 1: "The Fisk Trade Mark Boy." Martin's signature is next to the left heel. Design No. 2: "Elephant and Mouse." Design No. 3: "Checker Players." Design No. 4: "The Shadow." Design No. 5: "Baseball." The last four were previously published paintings by Reginald Bolles, J. F. Kernan, and Leslie Thrasher (2). That's except for the revamped agent on the prominent sign.
  238. ↑ Puzzle. Die-cut cardboard. Size: 8.625" x 11". There are five in the set.
  239. ↑ Striker. It showed up on Diamond Quality, Pull Quick, and Universal Match Corporation covers. The Diamond Match Co. of New York made the Pull Quicks. Its ten wooden sticks were ignited by quickly pulling them out.
  240. ↑ Poster. It's titled "Coming and Going," with a military theme & the NRA logo (National Recovery Administration). That dates it to 1933 or 34. Size: 28" x 39". Commons.
  241. ↑ Heel. The mascot and the words "Air Cushion" and "Fisk" are embossed. This was a replacement part. It came in various sizes.
  242. ↑ "Special". New Oxford (Pa.) Item, April 13, 1933 p. 3; April 20, 1933 p. 2; Evening Sun (Hanover, Pa.), April 11, 1933 p. 7; Gazette and Daily (York, Pa.), April 11, 1933 p. 4. Ad: "During this tire sale, we will give absolutely free, one Fisk jig-saw puzzle with every tire sold." Times Union, May 31, 1934 p. 8. "Free to children accompanied by parents at Albany Garage."
  243. ↑ Classics. Waterloo (Iowa) Courier, July 8, 1934 p. 13. Morristown (Tenn.) Gazette and Mail, May 30, 1934 p. 3. "Just sign the coupon below and bring it to our station. The book is absolutely free!" Greenwood (Miss.) Commonwealth, June 8, 1934 p. 2; Belleville (Kan.) Telescope, June 28, 1934 p. 3; Osage County News (Pawhuska, Okla.), Oct 26, 1934 p. 7.
  244. ↑ Super-Service Data Book, 1933. Size: 6.25" x 3.75". 32 pp. It gives the specs on rims and tires for various car models.
  245. ↑ These were decals that stuck to the windows.
  246. ↑ Other variations. 1. Character on both sides with words on the back: "Time to Retire / Get a Fisk." 2. Character and words on the front (in four separate lines): "Air-Flight / Principle / Tires by / Fisk."
  247. ↑ Electric Railway Journal, Feb 1930 p. 83; National Petroleum News, Feb 19, 1930 p. 120; June 18, 1930 p. 131; The Fleet Owner, Mar 1930 p. 25. Internet Archive. Automobile Topics, May 10, 1930 p. 4. Google Books. Boys' Life, May 1932 p. 43; June 1932 p. 53; July 1932 p. 45; Sep 1933 p. 28; "All the World". Dec 1933 p. 42; April 1934 p. 28; May 1934 p. 30; June 1934 p. 42; Dec 1934 p. 55; The American Boy, Sep 1933 p. 32; Dec 1933. These are ads for bike tires.
  248. ↑ Brooklyn Daily Eagle, Apr 10, 1930 p. 10; Apr 17, 1930 p. 15; The New York Sun, Apr 17, 1930 p. 45; May 1, 1930 p. 45; Bismarck (N.D.) Tribune, May 31, 1930 p. 3; The Newark (N.Y.) Courier, Jun 12, 1930 p. 6; San Jose Evening News, Jul 11, 1930 p. 13; Binghamton (N.Y.) Press, Apr 23, 1931 p. 19; Van Nuys (Calif.) News, Aug 6, 1931 p. 7; Dansville Breeze, Jan 21, 1932 p. 3; Buffalo Courier-Express, Jan 4, 1932 p. 6; The Indianapolis Times, Jul 2, 1932 p. 9; Medina Daily Journal, May 11, 1933 p. 5; The Evening News (Harrisburg, Pa.), Jul 19, 1933 p. 16; Schenectady Gazette, May 25, 1934 p. 32; Plattsburgh Daily Press, Jul 6, 1934 p. 8. Ads by Fisk dealers [links 2–3] sharply declined after 1930. The majority were stripped of their franchise in Nov 1930. This was due to slumping sales, made worse by the Great Depression.
  249. ↑ Shakeup. The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company v. Federal Trade Commission (304 U.S. 257), pp. 443–44. Testimony of Vice President John T. Clinton on Apr 20, 1934. Google Books.
  250. ↑ Rubber: An American Industrial History by Skrabec, 2014 p. 163. Accessed via books.google.com.
  251. 1 2 "Be Cautious". Printers' Ink, Jan 1, 1920 p. 70. Opinion differentials. The public (incl. retailers) might have been more receptive to a character that gradually changed. Otherwise, a far more vigorous promotion campaign would have been necessary. Advertising Age, Apr 3, 1939 p. 10. Subheading: "Consumers Rebel." Nostalgia wins out.
  252. ↑ The Rubber Age, Jan 10, 1931 pp. 350–52 (mounting debts); Feb 10, 1932 pp. 391–92 (plan); Jun 1933 p. 124 (team). Edward D. Levy stayed on as president. Receivership period: Jan 1931–May 1933. Internet Archive.
  253. ↑ Hogan Handbook; Fisk-Federal-Badger Tires by Thomas E. Hogan, Inc., 1935 pp. 35–36; The Greenville Sun, Apr 25, 1935 p. 3; The Boston Globe, May 16, 1935 p. 22; Intelligencer Journal, Jun 20, 1935 p. 11. The sleepy yawner did not appear in magazine ads from 1930 to 36. However, it started showing up on products and in newspaper ads in 1935. This reversal was made despite the objections of marketing experts.
  254. ↑ "Modernizes". Shreveport Journal, May 1, 1930 p. 3.
  255. ↑ "Master Pajamas" lost its luster over time. Nonetheless, the trade character showed up on boxes and cans of auto parts into the 1970s. For instance: air filters, anti-freeze coolant, brake fluid, car mats, car wax, headlamps, motor tune-ups, oil filters, shock absorbers, spark plugs and tire cleaners. It later appeared on Franklin Mint collectibles, Lionel boxcars and label stickers for Fisk Classic tires.
  256. ↑ St. Joseph News-Press, Jan 4, 1929 p. 19; Billings Gazette, Feb 15, 1929 p. 13; Dothan Eagle, Feb 22, 1929 p. 8.
  257. ↑ The Herald-Sun (Durham, N.C.), Feb 3, 1935 pt. 2 p. 6; Des Moines Register, Apr 11, 1935 p. 10; The Morning News (S.C.), Jun 22, 1935 p. 6; Dayton Daily News, Sep 6, 1935 p. 6; Hamilton Journal-Daily News, Dec 19, 1935 p. 11.
  258. ↑ Norman Rockwell Encyclopedia by Moline, 1979 pp. 144–46, 149, 156–57, 161, 167–68, 172, 183–84 – via Internet Archive.
  259. ↑ "Atlantic City Exhibit". Philadelphia Inquirer, Oct 13, 1929 p. B4. Excerpt: "Martin has also specialized in children's interests." Press of Atlantic City, Oct 9, 1929 p. 2. Heading: "Poster Art Men to Hold Exhibit."
  260. ↑ Norman Rockwell, My Adventures as an Illustrator, 1960 p. 118; or 1988 p. 95. Accessed via Internet Archive.
  261. ↑ Spalding's Tennis Annual, 1923 pp. 306, 311–14. These clubs are all listed as Association members, except for South Yonkers. The Yonkers Statesman, Aug 27, 1926 p. S1. Nonetheless, 32 teams with a strong level of talent competed in doubles. Fultonhistory.com. Enter with quotes: "trims Brubans." The Oritani FC membership (unverified) is listed in the 1924 edition, p. 281.
  262. ↑ The New York Times, July 11, 1920 sec. 1 p. 17 (PDF). New York Tribune, June 25, 1920 p. 15. Heading: "80 Tennis Players Start."
  263. 1 2 American Lawn Tennis, Sep 15, 1924 p. 536 (singles & doubles titles); Lake George Mirror, Aug 16, 1924 p. 9 (singles & doubles titles); Aug 15, 1925 p. 7 (doubles title, singles & mixed doubles runners-up); Jul 12, 1930 p. 3 (singles, doubles & mixed doubles runners-up); Citizen-Sentinel, Jul 16, 1931 p. 12 (singles quarter-finalist); The NY Times, Jul 19, 1931 sec. 10 p. 7 (doubles title). The Yonkers Statesman, Jul 20, 1931 p. 14. Fultonhistory.com. Heading: "Bassford, Martin Win." His wife was runner-up in consolation singles. NYSHistoricNewspapers.org [links 2–4].
  264. 1 2 American Lawn Tennis, Sep 1, 1923 p. 404 (singles quarter-finalist & mixed doubles semi-finalist); Aug 15, 1924 p. 370 (singles & doubles titles, mixed doubles semi-finalist); The Kingston Daily Freeman, Jul 29, 1924 p. 12 (singles & doubles titles); The NY Times, Jul 18, 1925 p. 11 (singles & doubles runners-up); Long Island News and the Owl, Jul 18, 1929 p. 1 (doubles semi-finalist); The Kingston Daily Freeman, Jul 13, 1931 p. 12 & American Lawn Tennis, 1931 p. 48 (doubles runner-up).
  265. ↑ Brooklyn Daily Eagle, Aug 16, 1915 sec. 2 p. 4. The winners in singles, doubles & consolation singles are listed. Spalding's L. T. A., 1916 pp. 119, 313. It gives the results & definition of consolation. Cachet. Commons. This cover explains why the Times and Tribune, confusingly, referred to him as being from Mamakating on Aug 16, 1915. The Sun, Aug 13, 1916 sec. 2 p. 2. Brooklyn Daily Eagle, Sep 3, 1916 sec. 3 (resorts), p. 6. "Martin of the University Heights Tennis Club, who had been picked to win the tournament [at Merriewold Park in 1916]." His name and club are correctly tied together.
  266. ↑ This was a non-championship final (unlike the other twenty-nine). Nonetheless, the winner received an award.
  267. ↑ "Hammett-Martin Team Wins". New York Tribune, Jul 12, 1922 p. 13. The New York Times, Jul 23, 1921 p. 8 (singles semi-finalist); Jun 25, 1924 p. 21; Jun 28, 1925 sec. 10 p. 6 (doubles semi-finalist); Brooklyn Daily Eagle, Jun 24, 1928 p. C3 (doubles quarter-finalist); Jun 22, 1930 p. C3 (singles semi-finalist). These events were held at the athletic club's home away from home, on Travers Island (now a peninsula) along the LI Sound.
  268. ↑ The New York Times, June 3, 1925 p. 21. Heading: "Martin and Bassford Win." Subheading: "Beat Anderson and Hartmann in 'Over 39ers' Tennis Final." American Lawn Tennis, June 15, 1925 p. 142 (lower right).
  269. ↑ "Net Title". New York Tribune, June 29, 1920 p. 15; American Lawn Tennis, Sep 15, 1919 p. 396 (husbands-and-wives quarter-finalist); The Sun and New York Herald, June 25, 1920 p. 10 (singles quarter-finalist); June 29, 1920 p. 11 (husbands-and-wives title); New York Herald, June 25, 1922 sec. 4 p. 4 (doubles quarter-finalist).
  270. ↑ "Woodmere". The Sun, Sep 8, 1919 p. 16 (singles runner-up). New York Tribune, July 17, 1920 p. 9 (singles semi-finalist); July 15, 1921 p. 11 (singles quarter-finalist).
  271. ↑ American Lawn Tennis, Feb 15, 1922 p. 631 (doubles semi-finalist); NY Tribune, Oct 13, 1922 p. 15 (singles runner-up); Oct 15, 1922 pt. 1 p. 21 (doubles & mixed doubles quarter-finalists).
  272. ↑ American Lawn Tennis, edited by Merrihew, Nov 15, 1922 p. 491 (singles runner-up & doubles semi-finalist). His wife reached the singles semis.
  273. ↑ Brooklyn Daily Eagle, Jun 3, 1923 p. D4 & The NY Times, Jun 3, 1923 sec. 1 pt. 2, p. 4 (singles runner-up); The Yonkers Statesman and News, May 29, 1924 p. 8 (singles quarter-finalist). These events were for the Eastern New York State championship. Its host was Amackassin from 1920 to 24.
  274. ↑ New York Tribune, May 16, 1920 pt. 1 p. 21 (singles & doubles quarter-finalists). The Evening Telegram, May 20, 1923 p. 10. Excerpt on Martin: "the University Heights veteran." This corrects an error made in two other dailies on that date. Brooklyn Daily Eagle, May 21, 1923 p. A2; The New York Times, May 21, 1923 p. 19 (singles runner-up). The Scarsdale Inquirer, Sep 9, 1932 p. 1. His wife donated the runner-up trophy to their old club in 1932. News.hrvh.org.
  275. ↑ American Lawn Tennis, Sep 1, 1924 p. 476. Long Island News and the Owl, July 24, 1924 p. 1. Kynaston downed PM 8-6, 6-4, 0-6, 6-2. Accessed via NYSHistoricNewspapers.org.
  276. ↑ Brooklyn Daily Eagle, Aug 3, 1924 p. D3 ("Japanese Star") & Aug 18, 1924 p. A2 (singles runner-up); The New York Times, Jul 11, 1921 p. 13 (marathon victor 4-6, 18-16, 6-3); Aug 2, 1925 sec. 9 p. 5 (1st column, singles semis).
  277. ↑ The New York Times, Oct 17, 1921 p. 12 (singles semi-finalist & doubles finialist). NY Tribune, Nov 12, 1921 p. 14.
  278. ↑ The Yonkers Statesman, Sep 20, 1926 p. 11 (doubles runner-up) – via Fultonhistory.com. Enter "Watkins in hard fight." Final: Osgood–Osgood topped Martin–C. R. Watkins. The Yonkers Statesman, Aug 8, 1929 p. 13 (singles quarter-finalist); Aug 8, 1930 p. 16 (singles quarter-finalist).
  279. ↑ The Yonkers Herald, Sep 21, 1926 p. 14. Martin and four others are pictured at the net. Accessed via Newspapers.com.
  280. ↑ Evening Gazette (Port Jervis, N.Y.), Aug 26, 1921 p. 8 (mixed doubles runner-up); American Lawn Tennis, Oct 15, 1921 p. 463 (singles semi-finalist & doubles runner-up). It ran from August 16 to 20. His mixed doubles partner was not Lauretta. It was a rarity due to a scheduling conflict. She had a first-round singles match at the Nationals on Aug 15. The New York Times, Jun 27, 1924 p. 22. Here's another rare occurrence. He paired up with a friend, Helen Simpson. The New York Times, Jun 12, 1923 p. 17; Lake George Mirror, Aug 16, 1924 p. 9; Jul 18, 1925 p. 3; Brooklyn Daily Eagle, Aug 2, 1925 p. F2 ("Brooklyn Guests"). They worked together on several tournament committees.
  281. ↑ The Scarsdale Inquirer, Oct 5, 1928 p. 5 (reached singles semis with no further results printed); Oct 18, 1929 p. 22 (singles title); Jul 17, 1931 p. 1 (mixed doubles title); Oct 16, 1931 p. 1 (singles runner-up & second straight doubles title); Aug 26, 1932 p. 1. Paraphrased sentence: He was a top-ranked player at the CC, won several doubles championships there with various partners, and always appeared in the finals. The results of club tour­na­ments were usually not reported. Hence, most of them are lost to history.
  282. ↑ Lake George was a popular resort in the Adirondack Mtns. "Advances". Boston Daily Globe, Aug 20, 1930 p. 15 (Squirrel Is., Me.). This place was only accessible by ferry. They both won their openers. New York Herald Tribune, Jul 19, 1931 sec. 7 p. 16. Excerpt: "[The Martins] have been on a fortnight's vacation at Lake Mohonk and other resorts." Server Paul. He's posing in front of a two-story lodging house. Wayback Machine.
  283. ↑ New York Tribune, Jul 6, 1915 p. 15; Jul 2, 1917 p. 11; Jul 4, 1918 p. 12; Jul 3, 1919 p. 10; Jul 6, 1920 p. 12; May 23, 1922 p. 13; The Sun and New York Press, Jul 5, 1916 p. 13; New York Evening Post, Apr 5, 1922 p. 15 (cmte.); Apr 25, 1924 p. 16 (cmte.); Apr 22, 1926 p. 15 (cmte.); Jun 9, 1928 p. 16; New York Herald Tribune, May 9, 1927 p. 17; The NY Times, Apr 11, 1921 p. 13 (cmte.); Apr 18, 1923 p. 19 (cmte.); May 9, 1923 p. 16; May 13, 1925 p. 19; Bklyn. Daily Eagle, May 11, 1924 p. D2; Sep 25, 1929 p. 28.
  284. ↑ "Chambers on Winning Team". The Sun, Aug 7, 1913 p. 9; New York Tribune, July 12, 1915 p. 13; July 2, 1919 p. 12; May 3, 1920 p. 11; May 2, 1921 p. 11; The Sun and New York Press, July 5, 1916 p. 13; New York Evening Post, Apr 5, 1922 p. 15 (disc.). Its courts over­looked the Harlem River. He nearly reached the trophy round in 1913.
  285. ↑ The New York Times, June 23, 1923 p. 7. Brand-new division.
  286. ↑ Invitation. The Martins moved to the Bronx after their marriage on Sep 27, 1912. The Sun, Aug 7, 1913 p. 9. He first entered a University Heights tourney in 1913. New York Tribune, June 5, 1916 p. 14 (2nd column); The New York Times, Sep 21, 1925 p. 24. His association with this club is mentioned many times in print, between 1916 and 1925. New York Evening Post, April 22, 1926 p. 15 – via Fultonhistory.com. Enter "Lang apt to prove." A non-playing committee member. That helped establish the final year.
  287. ↑ He could have joined the club between Oct and Dec 1912. It would be difficult to find printed evidence since the tennis season was winding down.
  288. ↑ He joined the County TC sometime after moving to Millwood in Aug 1925. The Yonkers Statesman, Sep 20, 1926 p. 11; The Yonkers Herald, Sep 21, 1926 p. 14; June 13, 1927 p. 12; The Scarsdale Inquirer, Jun 29, 1928 p. 8; Jun 26, 1931 p. 2. His association with this club is mentioned many times in print, between 1926 and 1931. Link: Newspapers.com.
  289. ↑ The New York Times, Sep 30, 1921 p. 12. Hammett and Martin were clubmates at University Heights. They sometimes partnered in doubles. Big Bill Tilden by Deford, 1976 p. 221. Donald Strachan of Philadelphia was one of Tilden's protégés. Internet Archive.
  290. ↑ Ownership. Mrs. Martin receives a letter from editor Barney Yanofsky.
  291. ↑ "Fundamentals". Parents' Magazine, Aug 1929 p. 12 (center). Click backward to view the cover. It's signed on the pants.
  292. ↑ Girlhood. It was called The Rally until June 1920. This image later appeared on the covers of Girl Scout Equipment for 1932F and 1933S.
  293. ↑ Collier's (May-23). His first cover for a consumer magazine.
  294. ↑ Collier's (Oct-25). Apple bobbing. Halloween issue. Babe Ruth article, p. 15. Accessed via HathiTrust.
  295. ↑ Collier's (Feb-27). Saying grace. Boy: thankful and patient, but irritated. Dog: eagerly anticipating a hot dog snack.
  296. ↑ Everybody's. Playtime adventure. A rascally dog and a young swimmer are at the pond. Accessed via Internet Archive.
  297. ↑ It was sold to Farm Journal and retitled Farm Journal and Farmer's Wife, May 1939–Jul 1945. Retitled again as Farm Journal with a "Farmer's Wife" back section, Aug 1945–1970.
  298. ↑ Memorial Day cover (pictured above). The magazine was renamed VFW with the Jan 1951 issue. The poster version is shown in Boys' Life, May 1932 p. 52; May 1933 p. 30; May 1934 p. 44.
  299. ↑ Die Hausfrau (The Housewife). This image originally appeared on GB's calendars, ink blotter cards, & prints in 1931. Three titles: Die Deutsche Hausfrau, 1904–18. Die Hausfrau, 1919–92. Das Fenster, 1992–present.
  300. ↑ Liberty. Its focal points are the doll carriage, homemade wagon, and license plate. The girl's curly hair was added on.
  301. ↑ Parents (Aug-29). Delivering pups. First issue with the classic title, p. 12. Previously named: Children, the Magazine for Parents, Oct 1926–Jan 1929; Children, the Parents' Mag., Feb–July 1929.
  302. ↑ Parents (Oct-29). The father is blowing up a football.
  303. ↑ Parents (Oct-30). Puzzled reader. This image later appeared on Gerlach Barklow calendars with altered lettering. The young model was Donald Bruce Reynolds (1924–2020). He was also Martin's model for the following: a. GE Refrigerator ad with children dressed as adults (role-playing). b. H-O Oats outdoor posters (three different scenes: 1, 2, 3). Their miniatures were displayed in grocery stores. c. Wilson Bats, Rollfast Bicycles & Bond Bread ads, which may or may not have made it to print. d. Foreign Service cover. More: They lived on opposite ends of a very long street in Millwood, N.Y. They first met at a short-lived (victim of the Great Depression) coffee shop in Millwood. It was operated by the boy's parents, and called "Rose and Carl's (for Carlyle) Restaurant." The eatery was located across from the railroad depot on Station Road. Martin was a regular customer, who often ordered stuffed cabbage and apple pie. He combined trips to the adjoining post office with getting freshly cooked meals. Their photo sessions took place from 1930 to 31. (Salary: 15¢/still or $5+/half-day, with free snacks.) The local model: a. graduated from Horace Greeley School (1941). b. participated in Operation Overlord (ADSEC unit), landing on June 21, 1944. c. lettered in three sports at Rider College (1946–48). d. worked as a sportswriter for The Daily Item of Port Chester, N.Y. (1948–49). e. worked as an associate editor for Progressive Grocer (1956–62). f. attended the 65th anniversary ceremony of the Normandy landings in France (2009). Video. "Americans in Wartime Experience." "Memories" (paragraph 2). Wayback Machine.
  304. ↑ "Short Turns and Encores". A boy and girl listen intently to an American Civil War veteran. The old soldier is reminiscing about General Sherman. Accessed via HathiTrust.
  305. ↑ "The Blanket"1. Three generations: son (with scissors), father, and grandfather. "The Blanket"2. Accessed via HathiTrust.
  306. ↑ "The Unfairway". A man, woman and caddie, p. 22. A father and son delight in reading the headline news, p. 23.
  307. ↑ "Tragedy". Empathetic teacher. Grieving yet strong, student.
  308. ↑ "On the Dark Trail". Young Henry is holding a flashlight and hatchet. Stories of To-day and Yesterday, edited by Law, 1930 (frontispiece). The same picture in color, but with the artist's full signature.
  309. ↑ Catalog of Copyright Entries, LOC, 1928 p. 1196. The Herald News (Fall River, Mass.), Oct 22, 1927 p. 11. The stable illustration is featured. Viewable at "Digital Archives of the Fall River Public Library."
  310. ↑ "Big Game" (PDF). Newsboy, Horatio Alger Society, Nov-Dec 2004 pp. 8–10. It's signed under the stick's heel on p. 9. Wayback Machine.
  311. ↑ Araminta. Reprinted edition, 1933. Accessed via HathiTrust.
  312. ↑ Church Management, edited by William H. Leach, Nov 1930 p. 188.
  313. ↑ Catalog of Copyright Entries, LOC, 1929 p. 1180. Every Evening (Del.), Sep 1, 1928 p. 7. Review. Newspapers.com. Search under The News Journal.
  314. ↑ Catalog of Copyright Entries, LOC, 1930 p. 1645. St. Louis Globe-Democrat, Nov 23, 1929 p. 16. Review. Newspapers.com.
  315. ↑ This picture originally appeared in Scribner's Magazine, Jul 1928.
  316. ↑ Publisher: R. R. Bowker Co., 45th St., NYC. Bowker sold the dust jackets in bulk to bookstores. They were imprinted with the retailer's business name & address. Readers1. Readers2. Readers3. Commons.
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