Ploceus
Bocage's weaver (P. temporalis) and
Bertram's weaver (P. bertrandi) ♀
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Passeriformes
Family: Ploceidae
Genus: Ploceus
Cuvier, 1816
Type species
Loxia philippina[1]
Linnaeus, 1766
Species

See text

Synonyms[2]
  • Hyphanthurgus Sundevall, 1872
  • Hyphanturgus Cabanis, 1851
  • Nelicurvius Bonaparte, 1850
  • Nelicurvus Pollen, 1863
  • Notiospiza Oberholser, 1905
  • Othyphantes Shelley, 1896
  • Pachyphantes Shelley, 1896
  • Phormoplectes Reichenow, 1903
  • Ploceus victoriae Ash, 1986
  • Ploceys Billberg, 1828
  • Ploceëlla Oates, 1874
  • Plocion Merrem, 1826
  • Plocus Lafresnaye, 1835
  • Sharpia Barboza de Bocage, 1878
  • Simplectes Lesson, 1844
  • Sitagra Reichenbach, 1850
  • Sitagroides Roberts, 1947
  • Sycobrotus Cabanis, 1851
  • Symplectes Swainson, 1837
  • Textor Temminck, 1827
  • Thomasophantes Sclater, 1925
Ploceinae, 1st group
Black-breasted weaver
"true Ploceus"
Madagascar fody
(genus Foudia)
Red-billed quelea
(genus Quelea)
Southern red bishop
(genus Euplectes)
Ploceinae, 2nd group
Nelicourvi weaver
(genus Ploceus)
"reinstated Nelicurvius"
Cassin's malimbe
(genus Malimbus)
"extended Malimbus"
Red-headed weaver
(genus Anaplectes)
"extended Malimbus"
Southern masked weaver
(genus Ploceus)
"extended Malimbus"

Ploceus is a genus of birds in the weaver family, Ploceidae. They are native to the Indomalayan and Afrotropical realms.

Taxonomy and systematics

Phylogeny

The genus Ploceus was introduced by the French naturalist Georges Cuvier in 1816.[3] The type species was subsequently designated as the baya weaver.[4] The genus name is from Ancient Greek πλοκευς plokeus meaning "weaver", and is derived from the Greek word πλεκω plekō "to entwine".[5]

Based on recent DNA-analysis, the genus Ploceus is almost certainly polyphyletic. If all species currently included in the genus would remain and the genus would be made monophyletic, it would have to encompass the entire subfamily Ploceinae. The Ploceinae can be divided into two groups. In the first group, the widowbirds and bishops (genus Euplectes) are sister to a clade in which the genera Foudia and Quelea are closest relatives and which further includes the Asiatic species of Ploceus, i.e. P. manyar, P. philippinus, P. benghalensis, P. megarhynchus, (and P. hypoxanthus, although untested). Since Georges Cuvier picked P. philippinus as the type species, these five species would logically remain assigned to the genus Ploceus.

Basic to the second group is a clade consisting of both species so far included in Ploceus that live on Madagascar, P. nelicourvi and P. sakalava, and these are morphologically very distinct from the remaining species. These two species could in future be assigned to the genus Nelicurvius that was erected by Charles Lucien Bonaparte in 1850, but which was merged with Ploceus later on. This second group further contains the genera Malimbus and Anaplectes, and all remaining Ploceus species. As Malimbus is the earlier name, erected by Vieillot et al. in 1805, the remaining species of Ploceus, as well as Anaplectes rubiceps, could in future be assigned to Malimbus.[6] These changes are largely corroborated by morphological revisions.[7][8] Provided that the other genera that have not been proposed to be merged into an extended "Malimbus" are monophyletic, the following (incomplete) tree expresses current insights.

subfamily Ploceinae
"true Ploceus"

P. megarhynchus

P. benghalensis

P. manyar

P. philippinus

genus Foudia

genus Quelea

genus Euplectes

"reinstated Nelicurvius"

P. nelicourvi

P. sakalava

"extended Malimbus"

Malimbus malimbicus

Malimbus nitens

Malimbus cassini

Malimbus racheliae

Anaplectes rubiceps

P. bicolor

Malimbus rubricollis

P. albinucha

P. insignis

P. olivaceiceps

P. xanthops

P. velatus

P. subaureus

P. nigricollis

P. ocularis

P. pelzelni

P. luteolus

P. melanogaster

P. alienus

P. vitellinus

P. rubiginosus

P. aurantius

P. bertrandi

P. baglafecht

P. nigerrimus

P. weynsi

P. cucullatus

P. castaneiceps

P. xanthopterus

P. heuglini

P. taeniopterus

P. melanocephalus

P. castanops

Species list

Speke's weaver (Ploceus spekei, below) and village weaver (Ploceus cucullatus subsp. nigriceps)

The genus contains 68 species.[9]

ImageCommon nameScientific nameDistribution
Baglafecht weaverPloceus baglafechteastern and central Africa
Bannerman's weaverPloceus bannermaniCameroon and Nigeria.
Bates's weaverPloceus batesiCameroon.
Black-chinned weaverPloceus nigrimentusBailundu Highlands of western Angola, on the Batéké Plateau in Republic of the Congo, and in eastern Gabon.
Bertram's weaverPloceus bertrandiMalawi, Mozambique, Tanzania, and Zambia.
Slender-billed weaverPloceus pelzelniwestern Africa.
Loango weaverPloceus subpersonatusAngola, Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Gabon.
Little weaverPloceus luteoluswestern, central and eastern Africa.
Spectacled weaverPloceus oculariscentral, eastern and south-eastern Africa
Black-necked weaverPloceus nigricollistropical Africa from Senegal and northern Angola to South Sudan and Tanzania.
Olive-naped weaverPloceus brachypterusWest Africa from Senegal and Gambia to Camaroon..
Strange weaverPloceus alienusAlbertine Rift montane forests.
Black-billed weaverPloceus melanogastercentral Africa.
Cape weaverPloceus capensissouthern Africa.
Bocage's weaverPloceus temporalisAngola, southern Democratic Republic of the Congo and northwestern Zambia.
Eastern golden weaverPloceus subaureuseastern and south-eastern Africa.
Holub's golden weaverPloceus xanthopsGabon to Uganda and Kenya, south to northern Namibia, northern Botswana and eastern South Africa
Orange weaverPloceus aurantiuswestern and central Africa.
Heuglin's masked weaverPloceus heugliniSenegal, Gambia and Mali to Ivory Coast and east to Uganda and western Kenya.
Golden palm weaverPloceus bojerieastern Africa.
Taveta weaverPloceus castaneicepsAfrican Savannah in Kenya and Tanzania.
Príncipe weaverPloceus princepsSão Tomé and Príncipe
Northern brown-throated weaverPloceus castanopsUganda, Rwanda and adjacent northern Burundi, eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, western Kenya and northwestern Tanzania.
Southern brown-throated weaverPloceus xanthopterussouthern Africa.
Ruvu weaverPloceus holoxanthuseastern Africa.
Kilombero weaverPloceus burnieriTanzania.
Rüppell's weaverPloceus galbulaSudan to Somalia and extreme northern Kenya.
Northern masked weaverPloceus taeniopterusDemocratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, Kenya, and Sudan.
Lesser masked weaverPloceus intermediuseastern, south-eastern and southern Africa.
Southern masked weaverPloceus velatussouthern Africa.
Katanga masked weaverPloceus katangaesouth-eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and northern Zambia.
Lufira masked weaverPloceus ruwetiDemocratic Republic of the Congo.
Tanzanian masked weaverPloceus reichardisouth-western Tanzania and north-eastern Zambia.
Vitelline masked weaverPloceus vitellinuswestern, central and eastern Africa.
Speke's weaverPloceus spekeinorthern and eastern Somalia, Ethiopia, Kenya, and north-eastern Tanzania
Fox's weaverPloceus spekeoidesUganda.
Village weaverPloceus cucullatusSub-Saharan Africa; introduced to Hispaniola, Dominica, Mauritius and Réunion.
Giant weaverPloceus grandisSão Tomé Island.
Chestnut-and-black weaverPloceus castaneofuscuswestern and central Africa
Vieillot's black weaverPloceus nigerrimusWest Africa
Weyns's weaverPloceus weynsieastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and north-western Tanzania.
Clarke's weaverPloceus golandiKenya.
Juba weaverPloceus dichrocephalusHorn of Africa.
Black-headed weaverPloceus melanocephalusWest, Central, and East Africa
Golden-backed weaverPloceus jacksoniBurundi, Kenya, South Sudan, Tanzania, and Uganda.
Cinnamon weaverPloceus badiusSudan and South Sudan
Chestnut weaverPloceus rubiginosuseastern and south-western Africa.
Golden-naped weaverPloceus aureonuchanortheastern Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Yellow-mantled weaverPloceus tricolorAfrican tropical rainforest.
Maxwell's black weaverPloceus albinuchaAfrican tropical rainforest.
Nelicourvi weaverPloceus nelicourviMadagascar
Sakalava weaverPloceus sakalavaMadagascar.
Asian golden weaverPloceus hypoxanthusCambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, and Vietnam.
Compact weaverPloceus superciliosusAngola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ivory Coast, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Liberia, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, and Zambia.
Black-breasted weaverPloceus benghalensisSouth Asia
Streaked weaverPloceus manyarBangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, China, Egypt, India, Indonesia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam
Baya weaverPloceus philippinusIndian Subcontinent and Southeast Asia.
Finn's weaverPloceus megarhynchusIndia and Nepal
Dark-backed weaverPloceus bicolorAngola, Burundi, Cameroon, Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Eswatini, Gabon, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Nigeria, Rwanda, Somalia, South Africa, South Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe.
Preuss's weaverPloceus preussiCameroon, Central African Republic, Republic of the Congo, DRC, Ivory Coast, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone.
Yellow-capped weaverPloceus dorsomaculatusCameroon, Central African Republic, Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Gabon.
Olive-headed weaverPloceus olivaceicepsMalawi, Mozambique, Tanzania, and Zambia.
Usambara weaverPloceus nicolliTanzania.
Brown-capped weaverPloceus insignisAngola, Burundi, Cameroon, Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Kenya, Nigeria, Rwanda, South Sudan, Tanzania, and Uganda.
Bar-winged weaverPloceus angolensisAngola, Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Zambia.
São Tomé weaverPloceus sanctithomaeSão Tomé and Príncipe.
Yellow-legged weaverPloceus flavipesDemocratic Republic of the Congo.

References

  1. ↑ "Ploceidae". aviansystematics.org. The Trust for Avian Systematics. Retrieved 2023-07-16.
  2. ↑ "Ploceus". Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Retrieved 16 February 2022.
  3. ↑ Cuvier, Georges (1816). Le Règne animal distribué d'après son organisation : pour servir de base a l'histoire naturelle des animaux et d'introduction a l'anatomie comparée (in French). Vol. 1. Paris: Déterville. p. 383.
  4. ↑ Mayr, Ernst; Greenway, James C. Jr, eds. (1962). Check-list of birds of the world. Vol. 15. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 32.
  5. ↑ Jobling, J.A. (2018). del Hoyo, J.; Elliott, A.; Sargatal, J.; Christie, D.A.; de Juana, E. (eds.). "Key to Scientific Names in Ornithology". Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions. Retrieved 5 May 2018.
  6. ↑ De Silva, Thilina N.; Peterson, A. Townsend; Bates, John M.; Fernandoa, Sumudu W.; Girard, Matthew G. (2017). "Phylogenetic relationships of weaverbirds (Aves: Ploceidae): A first robust phylogeny based on mitochondrial and nuclear markers". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 109: 21–32. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2016.12.013. PMID 28012957. S2CID 205841906.
  7. ↑ Wolters, H.E. (1970). "On the generic classification of the weaver-birds of the Malimbus-Ploceus group" (PDF). Natural History Bulletin of the Siam Society. 23: 369–391.
  8. ↑ Del Hoyo, J.; Elliott, A.; Christie, D. (2010). Handbook of the Birds of the World. Vol. 15. Weavers to New World Warblers. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions.
  9. ↑ Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (January 2023). "Old World sparrows, snowfinches, weavers". IOC World Bird List Version 13.1. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 7 February 2023.
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