Sporophila
Male variable seedeater
Female
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Passeriformes
Family: Thraupidae
Genus: Sporophila
Cabanis, 1844
Type species
Pyrrhula falcirostris
Temminck, 1820

Sporophila is a genus of Neotropical birds in the tanager family Thraupidae. The genus now includes the six seed finches that were previously placed in the genus Oryzoborus.

They are relatively small with stubby, conical bills adapted for feeding on seeds and alike. Most species are strongly sexually dimorphic, and while "typical" adult males often are distinctive, female and immatures of both sexes can be very difficult (in some species virtually impossible) to identify to exact species.[1] Females of at least some of these species have different ultraviolet colours, which can be seen by birds, but not humans.[2] Female-like (paedomorphic) males apparently also occur, at least in some species.[3]

Taxonomy and species list

The genus Spermophila was introduced by the English naturalist William John Swainson in 1827.[4] The type species was subsequently designated as Temminck's seedeater (Sporophila falcirostris) by George Robert Gray in 1841.[5] As the genus name Spermophila had been introduced by John Richardson in 1825 for a genus of mammals,[6] the German ornithologist Jean Cabanis coined the present name Sporophila as a replacement in 1844.[7][8] The name combines the Ancient Greek sporos meaning "seed" and philos meaning "-loving".[9]

The genus now includes the six seed finches that were previously placed in Oryzoborus as well as the thick-billed seed finch that was the only species in Dolospingus. A molecular phylogenetic study published in 2014 found that these seven species were embedded in Sporophila.[10]

The genus contains 41 species:[11]

Image Common name Scientific name Distribution
Lesson's seedeaterSporophila bouvronidesBolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Panama, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, and Venezuela.
Lined seedeaterSporophila lineolaArgentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela.
Cinnamon-rumped seedeaterSporophila torqueolawestern Mexico
Morelet’s seedeaterSporophila morelletiRio Grande Valley through eastern Mexico and Central America to western Panama
Variable seedeaterSporophila corvinasouthern Mexico through Central America to the Chocó of northwestern South America
Grey seedeaterSporophila intermediaBrazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Trinidad and Tobago, and Venezuela.
Wing-barred seedeaterSporophila americananorth-eastern Venezuela, Tobago, the Guianas, Brazil
White-naped seedeaterSporophila fringilloidesBrazil, Colombia, and Venezuela.
Black-and-white seedeaterSporophila luctuosaBolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela.
Double-collared seedeaterSporophila caerulescensArgentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, Peru, and Uruguay
Yellow-bellied seedeaterSporophila nigricollisCosta Rica to Bolivia
Dubois's seedeaterSporophila ardesiacaeast-central Brazil
Thick-billed seed finchSporophila funereasouthern Mexico, through Central America, to the Chocó in Colombia and Ecuador.
Chestnut-bellied seed finchSporophila angolensisTrinidad, Tobago, east Colombia, Venezuela, the Guianas, Bolivia to east Brazil, Paraguay and northeast Argentina
Nicaraguan seed finchSporophila nuttingiCosta Rica, Nicaragua and northwestern Panama.
Great-billed seed finchSporophila maximilianiBrazil
Large-billed seed finchSporophila crassirostrisBrazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, and Venezuela.
Black-billed seed finchSporophila atrirostrisEcuador, Peru and northwestern Bolivia
Slate-coloured seedeaterSporophila schistaceaCentral America, the southwestern Amazon Basin, Colombia, Venezuela, Trinidad and Tobago and the Guianas.
Temminck's seedeaterSporophila falcirostrisArgentina and southeastern Brazil
Buffy-fronted seedeaterSporophila frontalisnortheastern Argentina and along the southeastern Brazil
Plumbeous seedeaterSporophila plumbeaArgentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, French Guiana, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela.
Tropeiro seedeaterSporophila beltoniBrazil
Rusty-collared seedeaterSporophila collarisArgentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay.
White-throated seedeaterSporophila albogularisBrazil.
White-bellied seedeaterSporophila leucopteraBolivia, Paraguay and eastern Brazil
Parrot-billed seedeaterSporophila peruvianaEcuador and western Peru.
Chestnut-throated seedeaterSporophila telascosouthwestern Colombia to far northern Chile.
Drab seedeaterSporophila simplexEcuador and Peru.
Chestnut-bellied seedeaterSporophila castaneiventrisBolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela
Ruddy-breasted seedeaterSporophila minutaBrazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, French Guiana, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, and Venezuela.
Copper seedeaterSporophila bouvreuilBrazil and Suriname.
Black-and-tawny seedeaterSporophila nigrorufaeastern Bolivia and southwestern Brazil.
Tawny-bellied seedeaterSporophila hypoxanthaArgentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay.
Dark-throated seedeaterSporophila ruficollisArgentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay
Pearly-bellied seedeaterSporophila pileataBrazil, Paraguay, northern Uruguay and northeastern Argentina.
Rufous-rumped seedeaterSporophila hypochromaBolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, Argentina, and Uruguay
Chestnut seedeaterSporophila cinnamomeaArgentina, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay
Marsh seedeaterSporophila palustrisArgentina, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay.
Black-bellied seedeaterSporophila melanogasterBrazil.
Ibera seedeaterSporophila iberaensisArgentina.

Possible extinct species:

  • Hooded seedeater, Sporophila melanops – possibly extinct (20th century?), a hybrid or a color morph of S. nigricollis

References

  1. ↑ Ridgely, R. S., & G. Tudor (1989). The Birds of South America. Vol. 1. Univ. Texas Press, Austin
  2. ↑ Benites, P., Eaton, M. D., Lijtmaer, D. A., Lougheed, S. C. & Tubaro, P. L. (2010). Analysis from avian visual perspective reveals plumage colour differences among females of capuchino seedeaters (Sporophila). J. Avian Biology. 41: 597–602.
  3. ↑ Areta, J. I. (2009). Paedomorphosis in Sporophila seedeaters. Bull. B.O.C. 2009 129(2): 98-103.
  4. ↑ Swainson, William John (1827). "On several groups and forms in ornithology, not hitherto defined". Zoological Journal. 3: 158–175, 343–363 [348].
  5. ↑ Gray (1841). A List of the Genera of Birds : with their Synonyma and an Indication of the Typical Species of Each Genus (2nd ed.). London: R. and J.E. Taylor. p. 63.
  6. ↑ Richardson, John (1825). Appendix to Captain Parry's journal of a second voyage for the discovery of a North West passage from the Atlantic to the Pacific performed in His Majesty's ships Fury and Hecla, in the years 1821-22-23. London: J. Murray. p. 313. ISBN 9780665418341.
  7. ↑ Cabanis, Jean (1844). "Avium conspectus quae in Republica Peruana reperiuntur et pleraeqiio observatae vel collectae sunt in itinere a Dr. J.J. de Tschudi". Archiv für Naturgeschichte (in Latin). 10: 262–317 [291].
  8. ↑ Paynter, Raymond A. Jr, ed. (1970). Check-list of Birds of the World. Vol. 13. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 133.
  9. ↑ Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. p. 363. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.
  10. ↑ Burns, K.J.; Shultz, A.J.; Title, P.O.; Mason, N.A.; Barker, F.K.; Klicka, J.; Lanyon, S.M.; Lovette, I.J. (2014). "Phylogenetics and diversification of tanagers (Passeriformes: Thraupidae), the largest radiation of Neotropical songbirds". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 75: 41–77. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2014.02.006. PMID 24583021.
  11. ↑ Gill, Frank; Donsker, David, eds. (2019). "New World warblers, mitrospingid tanagers". IOC World Bird List Version 9.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 4 October 2019.
  • Lijtmaer, D. A., N. M. Sharpe, P. L. Tubaro & S. C. Lougheed. 2004. Molecular phylogenetics and diversification of the genus Sporophila (Aves: Passeriformes). Mol. Philo. Evol. 33:562-579.
  • Robbins, M. B., M. J. Braun, C. J. Huddleston, D. W. Finch, & C. M. Milensky (2005). First Guyana records, natural history, and systematics of the White-winged Seedeater (Dolospingus fringilloides). Ibis 147:334-341.

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